Polymorphous light eruption

Burfield L, Rutter KJ, Thompson B, et al. Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of the photodermatoses with meta-analysis of the prevalence of polymorphic light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Mar;37(3):511-20.Full text  Abstract

Ling TC, Dawe RS, Gardener E, et al. Interventions for polymorphic light eruption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 9;2017(10):CD005069.Full text

Goulden V, Ling TC, Babakinejad P, et al. British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy 2022. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Sep;187(3):295-308.Full text

1. Holzle E, Plewig G, von Kries R, et al. Polymorphous light eruption. J Invest Dermatol. 1987;88(3 Suppl):32s-8. Abstract

2. Kontos AP, Cusack CA, Chaffins M, et al. Polymorphous light eruption in African Americans: pinpoint papular variant. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2002 Dec;18(6):303-6. Abstract

3. Bansal I, Kerr H, Janiga JJ, et al. Pinpoint papular variant of polymorphous light eruption: clinical and pathological. Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2006 Apr;20(4):406-10. Abstract

4. Calzavara Pinton PG, Venturini M, Capezzera R, et al. Photosensitive erythema multiforme and erythema multiforme-like polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2003 Jun;19(3):157-9. Abstract

5. Elpern DJ, Morison WL, Hood AF. Papulovesicular light eruption. A defined subset of polymorphous light eruption. Arch Dermatol. 1985 Oct;121(10):1286-8. Abstract

6. Diepgen TL, Haberle M, Fartasch M, et al. Characteristics of polymorphous light dermatosis - results of a prospective survey and study of 302 affected patients. Z Hautkr. 1989 Apr 15;64(4):279-80, 283-5. Abstract

7. Neumann NJ, Holzle E, Lehmann P. Polymorphous light dermatoses. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2004 Mar;2(3):220-4, 226. Abstract

8. Guarrera M, Micalizzi C, Rebora A. Heterogeneity of polymorphous light eruption: a study of 105 patients. Arch Dermatol. 1993 Aug;129(8):1060-1. Abstract

9. Berg M. Epidemiological studies of the influence of sunlight on the skin. Photodermatology. 1989 Apr;6(2):80-4. Abstract

10. Dummer R, Ivanova K, Scheidegger EP, et al. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of polymorphous light eruption. Dermatology. 2003;207(1):93-5. Abstract

11. Jansen CT. The natural history of polymorphous light eruptions. Arch Dermatol. 1979 Feb;115(2):165-9. Abstract

12. Stratigos AJ, Antoniou C, Papadakis P, et al. Juvenile spring eruption: clinicopathologic features and phototesting results in 4 cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2004 Feb;50(2 Suppl):S57-60. Abstract

13. Lava SA, Simonetti GD, Ragazzi M,et al. Juvenile spring eruption: an outbreak report and systematic review of the literature. Br J Dermatol. 2013 May;168(5):1066-72. Abstract

14. Burfield L, Rutter KJ, Thompson B, et al. Systematic review of the prevalence and incidence of the photodermatoses with meta-analysis of the prevalence of polymorphic light eruption. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2023 Mar;37(3):511-20.Full text  Abstract

15. Millard TP, Bataille V, Snieder H, et al. The heritability of polymorphic light eruption. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Sep;115(3):467-70.Full text  Abstract

16. McGregor JM, Grabczynska S, Vaughan R, et al. Genetic modeling of abnormal photosensitivity in families with polymorphic light eruption and actinic prurigo. J Invest Dermatol. 2000 Sep;115(3):471-6.Full text  Abstract

17. Ros AM, Wennersten G. Current aspects of polymorphous light eruptions in Sweden. Photodermatology. 1986 Oct;3(5):298-302. Abstract

18. Rhodes LE, Bock M, Janssens AS, et al. Polymorphic light eruption occurs in 18% of Europeans and does not show higher prevalence with increasing latitude: multicenter survey of 6,895 individuals residing from the Mediterranean to Scandinavia. J Invest Dermatol. 2010 Feb;130(2):626-8.Full text

19. Pao C, Norris PG, Corbett M, et al. Polymorphic light eruption: prevalence in Australia and England. Br J Dermatol. 1994 Jan;130(1):62-4. Abstract

20. Aubin F. Why is polymorphous light eruption so common in young women? Arch Dermatol Res. 2004 Oct;296(5):240-1. Abstract

21. Fotiades J, Soter NA, Lim HW. Results of evaluation of 203 patients for photosensitivity in a 7.3-year period. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Oct;33(4):597-602. Abstract

22. Kerr HA, Lim HW. Photodermatoses in African Americans: a retrospective analysis of 135 patients over a 7-year period. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007 Oct;57(4):638-43. Abstract

23. Nakamura M, Henderson M, Jacobsen G, et al. Comparison of photodermatoses in African-Americans and Caucasians: a follow-up study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2014 Oct;30(5):231-6. Abstract

24. Kölgen W, Van Weelden H, Den Hengst S, et al. CD11b+ cells and ultraviolet-B-resistant CD1a+ cells in skin of patients with polymorphous light eruption. J Invest Dermatol. 1999 Jul;113(1):4-10.Full text  Abstract

25. Lehmann P. Diagnostic approach to photodermatoses. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2006 Nov;4(11):965-75. Abstract

26. Ortel B, Tanew A, Honigsmann H, et al. Polymorphous light eruption. Action spectrum and photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986 May;14(5 Pt 1):748-53. Abstract

27. van de Pas CB, Hawk JL, Young AR, et al. An optimal method for experimental provocation of polymorphic light eruption. Arch Dermatol. 2004 Mar;140(3):286-92.Full text  Abstract

28. Salomon N, Messer G, Dick D, et al. Phototesting for polymorphic light eruption (PLE) with consecutive UVA1/UVB-irradiation. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1997 Jun;13(3):72-4. Abstract

29. Grether-Beck S, Schmitt H, Grewe M, et al. The balance between expression of transcription factor AP2 and its alternative splice product AP2B controls ultraviolet A radiation (UV AR)-induced ICAM-1 expression in human cells. Abstracts for the 27th annual meeting of the European Society for Dermatological Research: no. 112. J Invest Dermatol. 1997;109:422.Full text

30. Grether-Beck S, Budde MA, Schmidt-Brenden H, et al. Lack of AP2B expression in lesional skin of patients with polymorphous light eruption. Allergo J. 2000;9:42.

31. Hadshiew I, Stab F, Untiedt S, et al. Effects of topically applied antioxidants in experimentally provoked polymorphous light eruption. Dermatology. 1997;195(4):362-8. Abstract

32. Norris PG, Morris J, McGibbon DM, et al. Polymorphic light eruption: an immunopathological study of evolving lesions. Br J Dermatol. 1989 Feb;120(2):173-83. Abstract

33. Schweintzger N, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Reginato E, et al. Levels and function of regulatory T cells in patients with polymorphic light eruption: relation to photohardening. Br J Dermatol. 2015 Aug;173(2):519-26.Full text  Abstract

34. Schweintzger NA, Gruber-Wackernagel A, Shirsath N, et al. Influence of the season on vitamin D levels and regulatory T cells in patients with polymorphic light eruption. Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2016 Mar;15(3):440-6.Full text  Abstract

35. Reddy H, Carmichael AJ, Wahie S. Severity of polymorphic light eruption in pre- and post-menopausal women: a comparative study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2015 Jan;29(1):97-101. Abstract

36. Hiramoto K, Tanaka H, Yanagihara N, et al. Effect of 17beta-estradiol on immunosuppression induced by ultraviolet B irradiation. Arch Dermatol Res. 2004 Feb;295(8-9):307-11. Abstract

37. Creamer D, McGregor JM, Hawk JL. Polymorphic light eruption occurring in common variable hypogammaglobulinaemia, and resolving with intravenous immunoglobulin therapy. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999 Jul;24(4):273-4. Abstract

38. Holzle E, Plewig G, Hofmann C, et al. Polymorphous light eruption. Experimental reproduction of skin lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1982 Jul;7(1):111-25. Abstract

39. Jansen CT. Erythemal and pigmentary phototest reactions in polymorphic light eruptions. Acta Derm Venereol. 1979;59(6):499-503. Abstract

40. Norris P, Bacon K, Bird C, et al. The role of interleukins 1, 6 and 8 as lymphocyte attractants in the photodermatoses polymorphic light eruption and chronic actinic dermatitis. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1999 Jul;24(4):321-6. Abstract

41. Lembo S, Fallon J, O'Kelly P, et al. Polymorphic light eruption and skin cancer prevalence: is one protective against the other? Br J Dermatol. 2008 Dec;159(6):1342-7.Full text  Abstract

42. Patra V, Mayer G, Gruber-Wackernagel A, et al. Unique profile of antimicrobial peptide expression in polymorphic light eruption lesions compared to healthy skin, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2018 Mar;34(2):137-144.Full text  Abstract

43. Grether-Beck S, Olaizola-Horn S, Schmitt H, et al. Activation of transcription factor AP-2 mediates UVA radiation- and singlet oxygen-induced expression of the human intercellular adhesion molecule 1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Dec 10;93(25):14586-91.Full text  Abstract

44. Hadshiew IM, Treder-Conrad C, v. Bülow R, et al. Polymorphous light eruption (PLE) and a new potent antioxidant and UVA-protective formulation as prophylaxis. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2004 Aug;20(4):200-4. Abstract

45. Hood AF, Elpern DJ, Morison EL. Histopathologic findings in papulovesicular light eruption. J Cutan Pathol. 1986 Feb;13(1):13-21. Abstract

46. Hawk JL, Magnus IA. Chronic actinic dermatitis - an idiopathic photosensitivity syndrome including actinic reticuloid and photosensitive eczema. Br J Dermatol. 1979 Jul;101 Suppl 17:24. Abstract

47. Lembo S, Hawk JLM, Murphy GM, et al. Aberrant gene expression with deficient apoptotic keratinocyte clearance may predispose to polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol. 2017 Nov;177(5):1450-3.Full text  Abstract

48. Savill J, Fadok V. Corpse clearance defines the meaning of cell death. Nature. 2000 Oct 12;407(6805):784-8.Full text  Abstract

49. Kuhn A, Herrmann M, Kleber S, et al. Accumulation of apoptotic cells in the epidermis of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus after ultraviolet irradiation. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Mar;54(3):939-50.Full text  Abstract

50. Norris P, Poston RN, Thomas DS, et al. The expression of endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in experimental cutaneous inflammation: a comparison of ultraviolet B erythema and delayed hypersensitivity. J Invest Dermatol. 1991 May;96(5):763-70. Abstract

51. Krutmann J, Grewe M. Involvement of cytokines, DNA damage, and reactive oxygen intermediates in ultraviolet radiation-induced modulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression. J Invest Dermatol. 1995 Jul;105(1 Suppl):67S-70S. Abstract

52. Norris PG, Hawk JL. Chronic actinic dermatitis. A unifying concept. Arch Dermatol. 1990 Mar;126(3):376-8. Abstract

53. Wolf C, Honigsmann H. The syndrome of chronic actinic dermatitis. Persistent light reaction - actinic reticuloid. Hautarzt. 1988 Oct;39(10):635-41. Abstract

54. Ryckaert S, Roelandts R. Solar urticaria: a report of 25 cases and difficulties in phototesting. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jan;134(1):71-4.Full text  Abstract

55. Norris DA. Pathomechanisms of photosensitive lupus erythematosus. J Invest Dermatol. 1993 Jan;100(1):58S-68S. Abstract

56. Fisher DA, Epstein JH, Kay DN, et al. Polymorphous light eruption and lupus erythematosus. Differential diagnosis by fluorescent microscopy. Arch Dermatol. 1970 Apr;101(4):458-61. Abstract

57. Alves JV, António AM, Matos D, et al. Fixed eruption induced by sunlight. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2015 Jun;13(6):578-9. Abstract

58. Valdeolivas-Casillas N, Piteiro-Bermejo AB, Trasobares-Marugán L, et al. Fixed sunlight eruption: a case report. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2016 May;30(5):894-5. Abstract

59. Valdivieso R, Cañarte C. It is not a fixed drug eruption, it is a fixed "sunlight" eruption. Int J Dermatol. 2010 Dec;49(12):1421-3. Abstract

60. Ling TC, Dawe RS, Gardener E, et al. Interventions for polymorphic light eruption. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Oct 9;2017(10):CD005069.Full text

61. Winkelmann RR, Del Rosso J, Rigel DS. Polypodium leucotomos extract: a status report on clinical efficacy and safety. J Drugs Dermatol. 2015 Mar;14(3):254-61. Abstract

62. Rhodes L, Durham B, Fraser W, et al. Dietary fish oil reduces basal and ultraviolet B-generated PGE2 levels in skin. J Invest Dermatol. 1995 Oct;105(4):532-5. Abstract

63. Marini A, Jaenicke T, Grether-Beck S, et al. Prevention of polymorphic light eruption by oral administration of a nutritional supplement containing lycopene, β-carotene, and Lactobacillus johnsonii: results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2014 Aug;30(4):189-94. Abstract

64. Norris PG, Hawk JL. Successful treatment of severe polymorphous light eruption with azathioprine. Arch Dermatol. 1989 Oct;125(10):1377-9. Abstract

65. Goulden V, Ling TC, Babakinejad P, et al. British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy 2022. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Sep;187(3):295-308.Full text  Abstract

66. Ling TC, Clayton TH, Crawley J, et al. British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for the safe and effective use of psoralen-ultraviolet A therapy 2015. Br J Dermatol. 2016 Jan;174(1):24-55.Full text  Abstract

67. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Sunlight exposure: risks and benefits. February 2016 [internet publication].Full text

68. Gies HP, Roy CR, Elliott G, et al. Ultraviolet radiation protection factors for clothing. Health Phys. 1994 Aug;67(2):131-9. Abstract

69. Diffey BL, Farr PM. Sunscreen protection against UVB, UVA and blue light: an in vivo and in vitro comparison. Br J Dermatol. 1991 Mar;124(3):258-63. Abstract

70. McFadden N. UVA sensitivity and topical photoprotection in polymorphous light eruption. Photodermatol. 1984 Apr;1(2):76-8. Abstract

71. Murphy GM, Logan RA, Lovell CR, et al. Prophylactic PUVA and UVB therapy in polymorphic light eruption - a controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 1987 Apr;116(4):531-8. Abstract

72. Bilsland D, George SA, Gibbs NK, et al. A comparison of narrow band phototherapy (TL-01) and photochemotherapy (PUVA) in the management of polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol. 1993 Dec;129(6):708-12. Abstract

73. Berg M, Ros AM, Berne B. Ultraviolet A phototherapy and trimethylpsoralen UVA photochemotherapy in polymorphous light eruption - a controlled study. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 1994 Aug;10(4):139-43. Abstract

74. Corbett, MF, Hawk JL, Herxheimer A, et al. Controlled therapeutic trials in polymorphous light eruption. Br J Dermatol. 1982 Nov;107(5):571-81. Abstract

75. Goulden V, Ling TC, Babakinejad P, et al. British Association of Dermatologists and British Photodermatology Group guidelines for narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy 2022. Br J Dermatol. 2022 Sep;187(3):295-308.Full text

76. Morison WL, Marwaha S, Beck L. PUVA-induced phototoxicity: incidence and causes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Feb;36(2 Pt 1):183-5. Abstract

77. Menage P du H, Norris P, Cheong W, et al. Short course PUVA therapy is effective in polymorphic light eruption. Br J Dermatol. 1992;127:32.

78. Palmer RA, Friedmann PS. A comparison of six and 12 PUVA treatments in the prohylaxis of polymorphic light eruption. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2004 Mar;29(2):141-3. Abstract

79. Stern RS, Vakeva LH. Noncutaneous malignant tumors in the PUVA follow-up study: 1975-1996. J Invest Dermatol. 1997 Jun;108(6):897-900. Abstract

80. Stern RS. The risk of melanoma in association with long-term exposure to PUVA. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 May;44(5):755-61. Abstract

81. Lindelof B, Sigurgeirsson B, Tegner E, et al. PUVA and cancer: a large-scale epidemiological study. Lancet. 1991 Jul 13;338(8759):91-3. Abstract