Lymphedema

Brix B, Sery O, Onorato A, et al. Biology of lymphedema. Biology (Basel). 2021 Mar 25;10(4):261.Full text  Abstract

Manrique OJ, Bustos SS, Ciudad P, et al. Overview of lymphedema for physicians and other clinicians: a review of fundamental concepts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020 Aug 20:S0025-6196(20)30033-1.Full text  Abstract

Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2020;53(1):3-19.Full text  Abstract

1. Lurie F, Malgor RD, Carman T, et al. The American Venous Forum, American Vein and Lymphatic Society and the Society for Vascular Medicine expert opinion consensus on lymphedema diagnosis and treatment. Phlebology. 2022 May;37(4):252-66.Full text  Abstract

2. Brouillard P, Witte MH, Erickson RP, et al. Primary lymphoedema. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2021 Oct 21;7(1):77. Abstract

3. Schook CC, Mulliken JB, Fishman SJ, et al. Primary lymphedema: clinical features and management in 138 pediatric patients. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011 Jun;127(6):2419-31. Abstract

4. Maclellan RA, Greene AK. Lymphedema. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2014 Aug;23(4):191-7. Abstract

5. Brix B, Sery O, Onorato A, et al. Biology of lymphedema. Biology (Basel). 2021 Mar 25;10(4):261.Full text  Abstract

6. Lopez M, Roberson ML, Strassle PD, et al. Epidemiology of lymphedema-related admissions in the United States: 2012-2017. Surg Oncol. 2020 Dec;35:249-53. Abstract

7. Douglass J, Kelly-Hope L. Comparison of staging systems to assess lymphedema caused by cancer therapies, lymphatic filariasis, and podoconiosis. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019 Oct;17(5):550-6.Full text  Abstract

8. Schulze H, Nacke M, Gutenbrunner C, et al. Worldwide assessment of healthcare personnel dealing with lymphoedema. Health Econ Rev. 2018 Apr 16;8(1):10.Full text  Abstract

9. Local Burden of Disease 2019 Neglected Tropical Diseases Collaborators. The global distribution of lymphatic filariasis, 2000-18: a geospatial analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2020 Sep;8(9):e1186-94.Full text  Abstract

10. Manrique OJ, Bustos SS, Ciudad P, et al. Overview of lymphedema for physicians and other clinicians: a review of fundamental concepts. Mayo Clin Proc. 2020 Aug 20:S0025-6196(20)30033-1.Full text  Abstract

11. Bernas M, Thiadens SRJ, Stewart P, et al. Secondary lymphedema from cancer therapy. Clin Exp Metastasis. 2021 May 5. Abstract

12. Rockson SG, Keeley V, Kilbreath S, et al. Cancer-associated secondary lymphoedema. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2019 Mar 28;5(1):22. Abstract

13. Singh B, Disipio T, Peake J, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of exercise for those with cancer-related lymphedema. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 Feb;97(2):302-15.e13. Abstract

14. McLaughlin SA, Wright MJ, Morris KT, et al. Prevalence of lymphedema in women with breast cancer 5 years after sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary dissection: objective measurements. J Clin Oncol. 2008 Nov 10;26(32):5213-9. Abstract

15. Mehrara BJ, Greene AK. Lymphedema and obesity: is there a link? Plast Reconstr Surg. 2014 Jul;134(1):154e-60e. Abstract

16. Smeltzer DM, Stickler GB, Schirger A. Primary lymphedema in children and adolescents: a follow-up study and review. Pediatrics. 1985 Aug;76(2):206-18. Abstract

17. Goss JA, Maclellan RA, Greene AK. Adult-onset primary lymphedema: a clinical-lymphoscintigraphic study of 26 patients. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019 Dec;17(6):620-3. Abstract

18. Slavin SA, Greene AK, Borud LJ. Lymphedema. In: Weinzweig J, ed. Plastic surgery secrets plus. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby; 2009.

19. McDougal WS. Lymphedema of the external genitalia. J Urol. 2003 Sep;170(3):711-6. Abstract

20. Warren AG, Slavin SA. Scar lymphedema: fact or fiction? Ann Plast Surg. 2007 Jul;59(1):41-5. Abstract

21. Telinius N, Hjortdal VE. Role of the lymphatic vasculature in cardiovascular medicine. Heart. 2019 Dec;105(23):1777-84. Abstract

22. Irrthum A, Karkkainen MJ, Devriendt K, et al. Congenital hereditary lymphedema caused by a mutation that inactivates VEGFR3 tyrosine kinase. Am J Hum Genet. 2000 Aug;67(2):295-301.Full text  Abstract

23. Irrthum A, Devriendt K, Chitayat D, et al. Mutations in the transcription factor gene SOX18 underlie recessive and dominant forms of hypotrichosis-lymphedema-telangiectasia. Am J Hum Genet. 2003 Jun;72(6):1470-8.Full text  Abstract

24. Finegold DN, Kimak MA, Lawrence EC, et al. Truncating mutations in FOXC2 cause multiple lymphedema syndromes. Hum Mol Genet. 2001 May 15;10(11):1185-9.Full text  Abstract

25. Boon LM, Ballieux F, Vikkula M. Pathogenesis of vascular anomalies. Clin Plast Surg. 2011 Jan;38(1):7-19.Full text  Abstract

26. Alders M, Hogan BM, Gjini E, et al. Mutations in CCBE1 cause generalized lymph vessel dysplasia in humans. Nat Genet. 2009 Dec;41(12):1272-4. Abstract

27. Mortimer PS, Rockson SG. New developments in clinical aspects of lymphatic disease. J Clin Invest. 2014 Mar;124(3):915-21.Full text  Abstract

28. Moore JE Jr, Bertram CD. Lymphatic system flows. Annu Rev Fluid Mech. 2018 Jan;50:459-82.Full text  Abstract

29. Cintolesi V, Stanton AW, Bains SK, et al. Constitutively enhanced lymphatic pumping in the upper limbs of women who later develop breast cancer-related lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2016 Jun;14(2):50-61. Abstract

30. Rockson SG. Physiological mechanisms that predispose to the development of breast cancer-associated lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2016 Jun;14(2):49.

31. Keast DH, Despatis M, Allen JO, et al. Chronic oedema/lymphoedema: under-recognised and under-treated. Int Wound J. 2015 Jun;12(3):328-33.Full text  Abstract

32. Grada AA, Phillips TJ. Lymphedema: pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Dec;77(6):1009-20. Abstract

33. Cormier JN, Askew RL, Mungovan KS, et al. Lymphedema beyond breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cancer-related secondary lymphedema. Cancer. 2010 Nov 15;116(22):5138-49.Full text  Abstract

34. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Lymphatic filariasis. 22 Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

35. DiSipio T, Rye S, Newman B, et al. Incidence of unilateral arm lymphoedema after breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2013 May;14(6):500-15. Abstract

36. Kissin MW, Querci della Rovere G, Easton D, et al. Risk of lymphoedema following the treatment of breast cancer. Br J Surg. 1986 Jul;73(7):580-4. Abstract

37. Cemal Y, Pusic A, Mehrara BJ. Preventative measures for lymphedema: separating fact from fiction. J Am Coll Surg. 2011 Oct;213(4):543-51. Abstract

38. Rockson SG. Lymphedema after breast cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 2018 Nov 15;379(20):1937-44. Abstract

39. Greene AK, Grant FD, Slavin SA. Lower-extremity lymphedema and elevated body-mass index. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 31;366(22):2136-7.Full text  Abstract

40. Greene AK, Grant FD, Slavin SA, et al. Obesity-induced lymphedema: clinical and lymphoscintigraphic features. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2015 Jun;135(6):1715-9. Abstract

41. Greene AK. Diagnosis and management of obesity-induced lymphedema. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Jul;138(1):111e-8e. Abstract

42. Greene AK, Grant FD, Maclellan RA. Obesity-induced lymphedema nonreversible following massive weight loss. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2015 Jul 8;3(6):e426.Full text  Abstract

43. Maclellan RA, Zurakowski D, Grant FD, et al. Massive localized lymphedema: a case-control study. J Am Coll Surg. 2017 Feb;224(2):212-6. Abstract

44. Williams AF, Franks PJ, Moffatt CJ. Lymphoedema: estimating the size of the problem. Palliat Med. 2005 Jun;19(4):300-13. Abstract

45. Mansel RE, Fallowfield L, Kissin M, et al. Randomized multicenter trial of sentinel node biopsy versus standard axillary treatment in operable breast cancer: the ALMANAC Trial. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006 May 3;98(9):599-609.Full text  Abstract

46. Jørgensen MG, Toyserkani NM, Sørensen JA. The effect of prophylactic lymphovenous anastomosis and shunts for preventing cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Microsurgery. 2018 Jul;38(5):576-85. Abstract

47. Executive Committee of the International Society of Lymphology. The diagnosis and treatment of peripheral lymphedema: 2020 consensus document of the International Society of Lymphology. Lymphology. 2020;53(1):3-19.Full text  Abstract

48. Boccardo F, Valenzano M, Costantini S, et al. LYMPHA technique to prevent secondary lower limb lymphedema. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016 Oct;23(11):3558-63. Abstract

49. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Lymphovenous anastomosis during axillary or inguinal node dissection for preventing secondary lymphoedema. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

50. Paramanandam VS, Dylke E, Clark GM, et al. Prophylactic use of compression sleeves reduces the incidence of arm swelling in women at high risk of breast cancer-related lymphedema: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Jun 20;40(18):2004-12.Full text  Abstract

51. National Lymphedema Network. Position statement of the National Lymphedema Network: exercise. Dec 2011 [internet publication].Full text

52. Stemmer R. A clinical symptom for the early and differential diagnosis of lymphedema [in German]. Vasa. 1976;5(3):261-2. Abstract

53. Moffatt C, Franks P, Keeley V, et al. The development and validation of the LIMPRINT methodology. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019 Apr;17(2):127-34.Full text  Abstract

54. Brorson H, Svensson H. Liposuction combined with controlled compression therapy reduces arm lymphedema more effectively than controlled compression therapy alone. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 Sep;102(4):1058-67. Abstract

55. Buendia R, Essex T, Kilbreath SL, et al. Estimation of arm adipose tissue quotient using segmental bioimpedance spectroscopy. Lymphat Res Biol. 2018 Aug;16(4):377-84. Abstract

56. Hassanein AH, Maclellan RA, Grant FD, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of lymphoscintigraphy for lymphedema and analysis of false-negative tests. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2017 Jul 12;5(7):e1396.Full text  Abstract

57. Notohamiprodjo M, Weiss M, Baumeister RG, et al. MR lymphangiography at 3.0 T: correlation with lymphoscintigraphy. Radiology. 2012 Jul;264(1):78-87. Abstract

58. Pieper CC, Feisst A, Schild HH. Contrast-enhanced interstitial transpedal MR lymphangiography for thoracic chylous effusions. Radiology. 2020 May;295(2):458-66. Abstract

59. Kim SY, Bae H, Ji HM. Computed tomography as an objective measurement tool for secondary lymphedema treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy. Ann Rehabil Med. 2015 Jun;39(3):488-93.Full text  Abstract

60. Slavin SA, Van den Abbeele A, Losken A, et al. Return of lymphatic function after flap transfer for acute lymphedema. Ann Surg. 1999 Mar;229(3):421-7.Full text  Abstract

61. Maclellan RA, Zurakowski D, Voss S, et al. Correlation between lymphedema disease severity and lymphoscintigraphic findings: a clinical-radiologic study. J Am Coll Surg. 2017 Sep;225(3):366-70. Abstract

62. Partsch H, Lee B. Phlebology and lymphology-a family affair. Phlebology. 2014 Dec;29(10):645-7.Full text

63. Son A, O'Donnell TF Jr, Izhakoff J, et al. Lymphedema-associated comorbidities and treatment gap. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2019 Sep;7(5):724-30.Full text  Abstract

64. Herbst KL, Kahn LA, Iker E, et al. Standard of care for lipedema in the United States. Phlebology. 2021 Dec;36(10):779-96.Full text  Abstract

65. Sun F, Skolny MN, Swaroop MN, et al. The need for preoperative baseline arm measurement to accurately quantify breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016 Jun;157(2):229-40. Abstract

66. Smile TD, Tendulkar R, Schwarz G, et al. A review of treatment for breast cancer-related lymphedema: paradigms for clinical practice. Am J Clin Oncol. 2018 Feb;41(2):178-90. Abstract

67. Bakar Y, Tuğral A. Lower extremity lymphedema management after gynecologic cancer surgery: a review of current management strategies. Ann Vasc Surg. 2017 Oct;44:442-50. Abstract

68. Moseley AL, Carati CJ, Piller NB. A systematic review of common conservative therapies for arm lymphoedema secondary to breast cancer treatment. Ann Oncol. 2007 Apr;18(4):639-46.Full text  Abstract

69. Moffatt C, Aubeeluck A, Stasi E, et al. A study to explore the parental impact and challenges of self-management in children and adolescents suffering with lymphedema. Lymphat Res Biol. 2019 Apr;17(2):245-52.Full text  Abstract

70. Quéré I, Stasi E, Mestre S, et al. International camps for children with lymphedema and lymphatic anomalies: when education links with psychosocial research. Lymphat Res Biol. 2021 Feb;19(1):36-40. Abstract

71. Brandão ML, Soares HPDS, Andrade MDA, et al. Efficacy of complex decongestive therapy for lymphedema of the lower limbs: a systematic review. J Vasc Bras. 2020 May 29;19:e20190074.Full text  Abstract

72. Ezzo J, Manheimer E, McNeely ML, et al. Manual lymphatic drainage for lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 May 21;2015(5):CD003475.Full text  Abstract

73. Vignes S, Porcher R, Arrault M, et al. Long-term management of breast cancer-related lymphedema after intensive decongestive physiotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007 Mar;101(3):285-90. Abstract

74. Hasenoehrl T, Keilani M, Palma S, et al. Resistance exercise and breast cancer related lymphedema - a systematic review update. Disabil Rehabil. 2020 Jan;42(1):26-35. Abstract

75. Hayes SC, Singh B, Reul-Hirche H, et al. The effect of exercise for the prevention and treatment of cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022 Aug 1;54(8):1389-99.Full text  Abstract

76. Panchik D, Masco S, Zinnikas P, et al. Effect of exercise on breast cancer-related lymphedema: what the lymphatic surgeon needs to know. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2019 Jan;35(1):37-45. Abstract

77. Luz RPC, Simao Haddad CA, Rizzi SKLA, et al. Complex therapy physical alone or associated with strengthening exercises in patients with lymphedema after breast cancer treatment: a controlled clinical trial. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2018 May 26;19(5):1405-10.Full text  Abstract

78. Baumann FT, Reike A, Reimer V, et al. Effects of physical exercise on breast cancer-related secondary lymphedema: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018 Jul;170(1):1-13. Abstract

79. Fukushima T, Tsuji T, Sano Y, et al. Immediate effects of active exercise with compression therapy on lower-limb lymphedema. Support Care Cancer. 2017 Aug;25(8):2603-10.Full text  Abstract

80. Schmitz KH, Ahmed RL, Troxel A, et al. Weight lifting in women with breast-cancer-related lymphedema. N Engl J Med. 2009 Aug 13;361(7):664-73.Full text  Abstract

81. Johansson K, Hayes S, Speck RM, et al. Water-based exercise for patients with chronic arm lymphedema: a randomized controlled pilot trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2013 Apr;92(4):312-9. Abstract

82. Maccarone MC, Venturini E, Menegatti E, et al. Water-based exercise for upper and lower limb lymphedema treatment. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2023 Jan;11(1):201-9. Abstract

83. Blumberg SN, Berland T, Rockman C, et al. Pneumatic compression improves quality of life in patients with lower-extremity lymphedema. Ann Vasc Surg. 2016 Jan;30:40-4. Abstract

84. Karaca-Mandic P, Hirsch AT, Rockson SG, et al. The cutaneous, net clinical, and health economic benefits of advanced pneumatic compression devices in patients with lymphedema. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Nov;151(11):1187-93.Full text  Abstract

85. Lerman M, Gaebler JA, Hoy S, et al. Health and economic benefits of advanced pneumatic compression devices in patients with phlebolymphedema. J Vasc Surg. 2019 Feb;69(2):571-80.Full text  Abstract

86. Morgan PA, Franks PJ, Moffatt CJ. Health-related quality of life with lymphoedema: a review of the literature. Int Wound J. 2005 Mar;2(1):47-62. Abstract

87. Macfarlane CL, Budhathoki SS, Johnson S, et al. Albendazole alone or in combination with microfilaricidal drugs for lymphatic filariasis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 8;1(1):CD003753.Full text  Abstract

88. Garza R 3rd, Skoracki R, Hock K, et al. A comprehensive overview on the surgical management of secondary lymphedema of the upper and lower extremities related to prior oncologic therapies. BMC Cancer. 2017 Jul 5;17(1):468.Full text  Abstract

89. O'Brien BM, Mellow CG, Khazanchi RK, et al. Long-term results after microlymphaticovenous anastomoses for the treatment of obstructive lymphedema. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Apr;85(4):562-72. Abstract

90. Carl HM, Walia G, Bello R, et al. Systematic review of the surgical treatment of extremity lymphedema. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2017 Jul;33(6):412-25.Full text  Abstract

91. Agko M, Ciudad P, Chen HC. Staged surgical treatment of extremity lymphedema with dual gastroepiploic vascularized lymph node transfers followed by suction-assisted lipectomy-a prospective study. J Surg Oncol. 2018 May;117(6):1148-56. Abstract

92. Nicoli F, Constantinides J, Ciudad P, et al. Free lymph node flap transfer and laser-assisted liposuction: a combined technique for the treatment of moderate upper limb lymphedema. Lasers Med Sci. 2015 May;30(4):1377-85. Abstract

93. Campisi CC, Ryan M, Boccardo F, et al. Fibro-lipo-lymph-aspiration with a lymph vessel sparing procedure to treat advanced lymphedema after multiple lymphatic-venous anastomoses: the complete treatment protocol. Ann Plast Surg. 2017 Feb;78(2):184-90. Abstract

94. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence.​ Liposuction for chronic lymphoedema. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

95. Chang DW, Dayan J, Greene AK, et al. Surgical treatment of lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials. Results of a consensus conference. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2021 Apr 1;147(4):975-93.Full text  Abstract

96. Granoff MD, Johnson AR, Shillue K, et al. A single institution multi-disciplinary approach to power-assisted liposuction for the management of lymphedema. Ann Surg. 2022 Nov 1;276(5):e613-21. Abstract

97. Tang NSJ, Ramakrishnan A, Shayan R. Quality-of-life outcomes after operative management of primary and secondary lymphoedema: a systematic review. ANZ J Surg. 2021 Dec;91(12):2624-36. Abstract

98. Hoffner M, Ohlin K, Svensson B, et al. Liposuction gives complete reduction of arm lymphedema following breast cancer treatment-a 5-year prospective study in 105 patients without recurrence. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Aug 16;6(8):e1912.Full text  Abstract

99. Greene AK, Slavin SA, Borud L. Treatment of lower extremity lymphedema with suction-assisted lipectomy. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2006 Oct;118(5):118e-21e. Abstract

100. Greene AK, Maclellan RA. Operative treatment of lymphedema using suction-assisted lipectomy. Ann Plast Surg. 2016 Sep;77(3):337-40. Abstract

101. Greene AK, Voss SD, Maclellan RA. Liposuction for swelling in patients with lymphedema. N Engl J Med. 2017 Nov 2;377(18):1788-9.Full text  Abstract

102. Miller TA, Wyatt LE, Rudkin GH. Staged skin and subcutaneous excision for lymphedema: a favorable report of long-term results. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1998 Oct;102(5):1486-98. Abstract

103. Brorson H, Ohlin K, Olsson G, et al. Controlled compression and liposuction treatment for lower extremity lymphedema. Lymphology. 2008 Jun;41(2):52-63. Abstract

104. Brorson H. Liposuction in arm lymphedema treatment. Scand J Surg. 2003;92(4):287-95. Abstract

105. Slavin SA, Upton J, Kaplan WD, et al. An investigation of lymphatic function following free-tissue transfer. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997 Mar;99(3):730-41. Abstract

106. Baumeister RG, Siuda S. Treatment of lymphedemas by microsurgical lymphatic grafting: what is proved? Plast Reconstr Surg. 1990 Jan;85(1):64-74. Abstract

107. Becker C, Assouad J, Riquet M, et al. Postmastectomy lymphedema: long-term results following microsurgical lymph node transplantation. Ann Surg. 2006 Mar;243(3):313-5. Abstract

108. Campisi C, Eretta C, Pertile D, et al. Microsurgery for treatment of peripheral lymphedema: long-term outcome and future perspectives. Microsurgery. 2007;27(4):333-8. Abstract

109. Chang DW. Lymphaticovenular bypass for lymphedema management in breast cancer patients: a prospective study. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2010 Sep;126(3):752-8. Abstract

110. Lin CH, Ali R, Chen SC, et al. Vascularized groin lymph node transfer using the wrist as a recipient site for management of postmastectomy upper extremity lymphedema. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Apr;123(4):1265-75. Abstract

111. Nagase T, Gonda K, Inoue K, et al. Treatment of lymphedema with lymphaticovenular anastomoses. Int J Clin Oncol. 2005 Oct;10(5):304-10. Abstract

112. Parrett BM, Sepic J, Pribaz JJ. The contralateral rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap for treatment of lower extremity lymphedema. Ann Plast Surg. 2009 Jan;62(1):75-9. Abstract

113. Tourani SS, Taylor GI, Ashton MW. Vascularized lymph node transfer: a review of the current evidence. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Mar;137(3):985-93. Abstract

114. Winters H, Tielemans HJP, Hameeteman M, et al. The efficacy of lymphaticovenular anastomosis in breast cancer-related lymphedema. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2017 Sep;165(2):321-7.Full text  Abstract

115. Scaglioni MF, Fontein DBY, Arvanitakis M, et al. Systematic review of lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA) for the treatment of lymphedema. Microsurgery. 2017 Nov;37(8):947-53. Abstract

116. Scaglioni MF, Arvanitakis M, Chen YC, et al. Comprehensive review of vascularized lymph node transfers for lymphedema: outcomes and complications. Microsurgery. 2018 Feb;38(2):222-9. Abstract

117. Demiri E, Dionyssiou D, Tsimponis A, et al. Donor-site lymphedema following lymph node transfer for breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review of the literature. Lymphat Res Biol. 2018 Feb;16(1):2-8.Full text  Abstract

118. Tiwari A, Cheng KS, Button M, et al. Differential diagnosis, investigation, and current treatment of lower limb lymphedema. Arch Surg. 2003 Feb;138(2):152-61.Full text  Abstract

119. Mahmood D, Ahmad A, Sharif F, et al. Clinical application of low-level laser therapy (photo-biomodulation therapy) in the management of breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review. BMC Cancer. 2022 Aug 30;22(1):937.Full text  Abstract

120. Chiu ST, Lai UH, Huang YC, et al. Effect of various photobiomodulation regimens on breast cancer-related lymphedema: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci. 2023 Dec 22;39(1):11. Abstract

121. Yang J, Lim EJ. A systematic review of kinesiology taping in patients with lymphedema. Phys. Ther. Korea. 2023 Nov 20;30:288-305.Full text

122. Atar S, Atar Y, Uygan U, et al. The efficacy of Kinesio taping on lymphedema following head and neck cancer therapy: a randomized, double blind, sham-controlled trial. Physiother Theory Pract. 2023 Sep 2;39(9):1832-46. Abstract

123. International Lymphoedema Framework. International consensus​: best practice for the management of lymphoedema. 2006 [internet publication].Full text

124. Devoogdt N, De Groef A, Hendrickx A, et al. Lymphoedema functioning, disability and health questionnaire for lower limb lymphoedema (Lymph-ICF-LL): reliability and validity. Phys Ther. 2014 May;94(5):705-21.Full text  Abstract

125. Klernäs P, Johnsson A, Horstmann V, et al. Lymphedema quality of life inventory (LyQLI)-development and investigation of validity and reliability. Qual Life Res. 2015 Feb;24(2):427-39. Abstract

126. Rockson SG. Diagnosis and management of lymphatic vascular disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Sep 2;52(10):799-806.Full text  Abstract

127. Dalal A, Eskin-Schwartz M, Mimouni D, et al. Interventions for the prevention of recurrent erysipelas and cellulitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jun 20;6(6):CD009758.Full text  Abstract

128. Aygit AC, Yildirim AM, Dervisoglu S. Lymphangiosarcoma in chronic lymphoedema. Stewart-Treves syndrome. J Hand Surg Br. 1999 Feb;24(1):135-7. Abstract

129. Sagen A, Karesen R, Skaane P, et al. Validity for the simplified water displacement instrument to measure arm lymphedema as a result of breast cancer surgery. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 May;90(5):803-9. Abstract

130. Brorson H, Ohlin K, Svensson B. The facts about liposuction as a treatment for lymphoedema. J Lymphoedema. 2008;3(1):38-47.Full text

131. Greene AK, Borud L, Slavin SA. Blood pressure monitoring and venipuncture in the lymphedematous extremity. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005 Dec;116(7):2058-9. Abstract