Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

British Thoracic Society. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Jan 2015 [internet publication].Full text

Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.Full text  Abstract

1. Spuesens EB, Fraaij PL, Visser EG, et al. Carriage of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in the upper respiratory tract of symptomatic and asymptomatic children: an observational study. PLoS Med. 2013;10:e1001444.Full text  Abstract

2. Narita M. Classification of extrapulmonary manifestations due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection on the basis of possible pathogenesis. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:23.Full text  Abstract

3. Jain S, Williams DJ, Arnold SR, et al. Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization among US children. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:835-45.Full text  Abstract

4. Waites KB, Talkington DF. Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its role as a human pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;17(4):697-728.Full text  Abstract

5. Xu YC, Zhu LJ, Xu D, et al. Epidemiological characteristics and meteorological factors of childhood Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in Hangzhou. World J Pediatr. 2011;7:240-4. Abstract

6. Gadsby NJ, Reynolds AJ, McMenamin J, et al. Increased reports of Mycoplasma pneumoniae from laboratories in Scotland in 2010 and 2011 - impact of the epidemic in infants. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20110.Full text  Abstract

7. Chalker V, Stocki T, Litt D, et al. Increased detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in children in England and Wales, October 2011 to January 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20081.Full text  Abstract

8. Pereyre S, Charron A, Hidalgo-Grass C, et al. The spread of Mycoplasma pneumoniae is polyclonal in both an endemic setting in France and in an epidemic setting in Israel. PLoS One. 2012;7:38585.Full text  Abstract

9. Beeton ML, Zhang XS, Uldum SA, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, 11 countries in Europe and Israel, 2011 to 2016. Euro Surveill. 2020 Jan;25(2):1900112.Full text  Abstract

10. Nir-Paz R, Abutbul A, Moses AE, et al. Ongoing epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Jerusalem, Israel, 2010 to 2012. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20095.Full text  Abstract

11. Uldum SA, Bangsborg JM, Gahrn-Hansen B, et al. Epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Denmark, 2010 and 2011. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:pii:20073.Full text  Abstract

12. Esposito S, Bosis S, Begliatti E, et al. Acute tonsillopharyngitis associated with atypical bacterial infection in children: natural history and impact of macrolide therapy. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:206-9.Full text  Abstract

13. Brown RJ, Nguipdop-Djomo P, Zhao H, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae epidemiology in England and Wales: a national perspective. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:157.Full text  Abstract

14. Ferguson GD, Gadsby NJ, Henderson SS, et al. Clinical outcomes and macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Scotland, UK. J Med Microbiol. 2013;62:1876-82. Abstract

15. Kim K, Jung S, Kim M, et al. Global trends in the proportion of macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2022 Jul 1;5(7):e2220949.Full text  Abstract

16. Steinberg P, White RJ, Fuld SL, et al. Ecology of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infections in marine recruits at Parris Island, South Carolina. Am J Epidemiol. 1969;89:62-73. Abstract

17. Wan GH, Huang CG, Huang YC, et al. Surveillance of airborne adenovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in a hospital pediatric department. PLoS One. 2012;7:e33974.Full text  Abstract

18. Johnson SM, Bruckner F, Collins D. Distribution of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma salivarium in the synovial fluid of arthritis patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2007;45:953-7.Full text  Abstract

19. Daxboeck F, Khanakah G, Bauer C, et al. Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in serum specimens from patients with Mycoplasma pneumonia by PCR. Int J Med Microbiol. 2005;295:279-85. Abstract

20. Saraya T, Kurai D, Nakagaki K, et al. Novel aspects on the pathogenesis of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia and therapeutic implications. Front Microbiol. 2014;5:410.Full text  Abstract

21. Katz B, Waites K. Emerging intracellular bacterial infections. Clin Lab Med. 2004;24:627-49. Abstract

22. Johnston SL, Martin RJ. Chlamydophila pneumoniae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae: a role in asthma pathogenesis? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Nov 1;172(9):1078-89. Abstract

23. Klement E, Talkington DF, Wasserzug O, et al. Identification of risk factors for infection in an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae respiratory tract disease. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43:1239-45. Abstract

24. Feikin DR, Moroney JF, Talkington DF, et al. An outbreak of acute respiratory disease caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae and adenovirus at a federal service training academy: new implications from an old scenario. Clin Infect Dis. 1999;29:1545-50. Abstract

25. Arcavi L, Benowitz NL. Cigarette smoking and infection. Arch Intern Med. 2004;164:2206-16. Abstract

26. Waites KB, Xiao L, Liu Y, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae from the respiratory tract and beyond. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Jul;30(3):747-809.Full text  Abstract

27. Neumayr L, Lennette E, Kelly D, et al. Mycoplasma disease and acute chest syndrome in sickle cell disease. Pediatrics. 2003;112:87-95. Abstract

28. Klausner JD, Passaro D, Rosenberg J, et al. Enhanced control of an outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with azithromycin prophylaxis. J Infect Dis. 1998;177:161-6.Full text  Abstract

29. Hyde TB, Gilbert M, Schwartz SB. Azithromycin prophylaxis during a hospital outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. J Infect Dis. 2001;183:907-12.Full text  Abstract

30. British Thoracic Society. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Jan 2015 [internet publication].Full text

31. Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American Thoracic Society and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Oct 1;200(7):e45-67.Full text  Abstract

32. Miyashita N, Matsushima T, Oka M, et al. The JRS guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults: an update and new recommendations. Intern Med. 2006;45(7):419-28.Full text  Abstract

33. Yin YD, Zhao F, Ren LL, et al. Evaluation of the Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines for the identification of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Respirology. 2012 Oct;17(7):1131-6. Abstract

34. Miyashita N, Sugiu T, Kawai Y, et al. Radiographic features of Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia: differential diagnosis and performance timing. BMC Med Imaging. 2009 Apr 29;9:7.Full text  Abstract

35. Saraya T, Ohkuma K, Tsukahara Y, et al. Correlation between clinical features, high-resolution computed tomography findings, and a visual scoring system in patients with pneumonia due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Respir Investig. 2018 Jul;56(4):320-5. Abstract

36. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, et al. Infectious Diseases Society of America/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;44(2 suppl):S27-72.Full text  Abstract

37. Leal SM Jr, Totten AH, Xiao L, et al. Evaluation of commercial molecular diagnostic methods for detection and determination of macrolide resistance in Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Clin Microbiol. 2020 May 26;58(6):e00242-20.Full text  Abstract

38. Lim WS, Baudouin SV, George RC, et al; Pneumonia Guidelines Committee of the BTS Standards of Care Committee. BTS guidelines for the management of community acquired pneumonia in adults: update 2009. Thorax. 2009;64(3 suppl):iii1-55.Full text  Abstract

39. Loens K, Ieven M. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: current knowledge on nucleic acid amplification techniques and serological diagnostics. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:448.Full text  Abstract

40. Diaz MH, Winchell JM. The evolution of advanced molecular diagnostics for the detection and characterization of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Front Microbiol. 2016;7:232.Full text  Abstract

41. Nir-Paz R, Michael-Gayego A, Ron M, et al. Evaluation of eight commercial tests for Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in the absence of acute infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006 Jul;12(7):685-8.Full text  Abstract

42. Saraya T. Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: basics. J Gen Fam Med. 2017 Jun;18(3):118-25.Full text  Abstract

43. Kim KW, Sung JJ, Tchah H, et al. Hepatitis associated with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in Korean children: a prospective study. Korean J Pediatr. 2015 Jun;58(6):211-7.Full text  Abstract

44. O'Driscoll BR, Howard LS, Earis J, et al. BTS guideline for oxygen use in adults in healthcare and emergency settings. Thorax. 2017 Jun;72(1 suppl):ii1-90.Full text  Abstract

45. Fine MJ, Auble TE, Yealy DM, et al. A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 1997 Jan 23;336(4):243-50.Full text  Abstract

46. Lim WS, van der Eerden MM, Laing R, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003;58:377-82.Full text  Abstract

47. Okada T, Morozumi M, Tajima T, et al. Rapid effectiveness of minocycline or doxycycline against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in a 2011 outbreak among Japanese children. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;55:1642-9. Abstract

48. Kawai Y, Miyashita N, Kubo M, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of macrolides, minocycline, and tosufloxacin against macrolide-resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatric patients. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013;57:2252-8. Abstract

49. European Medicines Agency. Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-containing medicinal products. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

50. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA advises restricting fluoroquinolone antibiotic use for certain uncomplicated infections; warns about disabling side effects that can occur together. Mar 2018 [internet publication].Full text

51. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about increased risk of ruptures or tears in the aorta blood vessel with fluoroquinolone antibiotics in certain patients. Dec 2018 [internet publication].Full text

52. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA reinforces safety information about serious low blood sugar levels and mental health side effects with fluoroquinolone antibiotics; requires label changes. Jul 2018 [internet publication].Full text

53. File TM, Goldberg L, Das A, et al. Efficacy and safety of intravenous-to-oral lefamulin, a pleuromutilin antibiotic, for the treatment of community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: the phase III lefamulin evaluation against pneumonia (LEAP 1) trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Nov 13;69(11):1856-67.Full text  Abstract

54. Alexander E, Goldberg L, Das AF, et al. Oral lefamulin vs moxifloxacin for early clinical response among adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia: the LEAP 2 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2019 Sep 27;322(17):1661-71.Full text  Abstract

55. ClinicalTrials.gov. Study to compare delafloxacin to moxifloxacin for the treatment of adults with community-acquired bacterial pneumonia (DEFINE-CABP). NCT02679573. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Full text

56. Stets R, Popescu M, Gonong JR, et al. Omadacycline for community-acquired bacterial pneumonia. N Engl J Med. 2019 Feb 7;380(6):517-27.Full text  Abstract

57. Yuan J, Mo B, Ma Z, et al. Safety and efficacy of oral nemonoxacin versus levofloxacin in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, active-controlled, non-inferiority trial. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2019 Feb;52(1):35-44.Full text  Abstract

58. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pneumonia (community-acquired): antimicrobial prescribing. NICE guideline NG138. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text

59. Walter ND, Grant GB, Bandy U, et al. Community outbreak of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection: school-based cluster of neurologic disease associated with household transmission of respiratory illness. J Infect Dis. 2008;198:1365-74. Abstract

60. Kannan TR, Hardy RD, Coalson JJ, et al. Fatal outcomes in family transmission of Mycoplasma pneumoniae. Clin Infect Dis. 2012;54:225-31. Abstract

61. Scerpella EG, Whimbey EE, Champlin RE, et al. Pericarditis associated with Legionnaires' disease in a bone marrow transplant recipient. Clin Infect Dis. 1994 Dec;19(6):1168-70. Abstract

62. Khoury T, Abu Rmeileh A, Kornspan JD, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia associated with methemoglobinemia and anemia: an overlooked association? Open Forum Infect Dis. 2015;2:ofv022.Full text  Abstract

63. Grullich C, Baumert TF, Blum HE. Acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection presenting as cholestatic hepatitis. J Clin Microbiol. 2003;41:514-5.Full text  Abstract

64. Romero-Gomez M, Otero MA, Sanchez-Munoz D, et al. Acute hepatitis due to Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection without lung involvement in adult patients. J Hepatol. 2006;44:827-8. Abstract

65. Shuvy M, Rav-Acha M, Izhar U, et al. Massive empyema caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae in an adult: a case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:18. Abstract

66. Narita M, Tanaka H. Two distinct patterns of pleural effusions caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:1069. Abstract