Evaluation of hyperkalemia

References

Key articles

Lott C, Truhlář A, Alfonzo A, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:152-219.Full text  Abstract

Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_2):S366-468.Full text  Abstract

Deakin C, Soar J, Davies R. Resuscitation Council UK. Special circumstances guidelines. May 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Rafique Z, Peacock F, Armstead T, et al. Hyperkalemia management in the emergency department: an expert panel consensus. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2021 Oct 1;2(5):e12572.Full text  Abstract

Rossignol P, Legrand M, Kosiborod M, et al. Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(pt a):585-91. Abstract

Reference articles

1. Mattu A, Brady WJ, Robinson DA. Electrocardiographic manifestations of hyperkalemia. Am J Emerg Med. 2000 Oct;18(6):721-9. Abstract

2. Chan R, Sealey JE, Michelis MF, et al. Renin-aldosterone system can respond to furosemide in patients with hyperkalemic hyporeninism. J Lab Clin Med. 1998;132:229-235. Abstract

3. Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Hyperkalemia across the continuum of kidney function. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2018 Jan 6;13(1):155-7.Full text  Abstract

4. Tamarisa KP, Aaronson KD, Koelling TM. Spironolactone-induced renal insufficiency and hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure. Am Heart J. 2004;148:971-978. Abstract

5. Schlondorff D. Renal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Kidney Int. 1993;44:643-653. Abstract

6. Kim S, Joo KW. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2007 Dec;5(2):116-25.Full text  Abstract

7. Velazquez H, Perazella MA, Wright FS, et al. Renal mechanism of trimethoprim-induced hyperkalemia. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:296-301. Abstract

8. Lachaal M, Venuto RC. Nephrotoxicity and hyperkalemia in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome treated with pentamidine. Am J Med. 1989;87:260-263. Abstract

9. Memoli E, Faré PB, Camozzi P, et al. Trimethoprim-associated electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities. Minerva Med. 2021 Aug;112(4):500-5.Full text  Abstract

10. Palmer BF. Managing hyperkalemia caused by inhibitors of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. N Engl J Med. 2004 Aug 5;351(6):585-92. Abstract

11. Bakris GL, Siomos M, Richardson D, et al. ACE inhibition or angiotensin receptor blockade: impact on potassium in renal failure. VAL-K Study Group. Kidney Int. 2000;58:2084-2092.Full text  Abstract

12. Venzin RM, Cohen CD, Maggiorini M, et al. Aliskiren-associated acute renal failure with hyperkalemia. Clin Nephrol. 2009;98:326-328. Abstract

13. Oster JR, Singer I, Fishman LM. Heparin-induced aldosterone suppression and hyperkalemia. Am J Med. 1995;71:575-586. Abstract

14. Bengalorkar GM, Sarala N, Venkatrathnamma PN, et al. Effect of heparin and low-molecular weight heparin on serum potassium and sodium levels. J Pharmacol Pharmacother. 2011 Oct;2(4):266-9.Full text  Abstract

15. Pei Y, Richardson R, Greenwood C, et al. Extrarenal effect of cyclosporine A on potassium homeostasis in renal transplant recipients. Am J Kidney Dis. 1993;22:314-319. Abstract

16. Lee CH, Kim GH. Electrolyte and acid-base disturbances induced by clacineurin [sic] inhibitors. Electrolyte Blood Press. 2007 Dec;5(2):126-30.Full text  Abstract

17. Bushinsky DA, Gennari FJ. Life-threatening hyperkalemia induced by arginine. Ann Intern Med. 1978;89:632-634. Abstract

18. Seto A, Murakami M, Fukuyama H, et al. Ventricular tachycardia caused by hyperkalemia after administration of hypertonic mannitol. Anesthesiology. 2000;93:1359-1361. Abstract

19. Gennari FJ. Hypokalemia. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:451-458. Abstract

20. Sica DA. Antihypertensive therapy and its effects on potassium homeostasis. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2006 Jan;8(1):67-73. Abstract

21. Borron SW, Bismuth C, Muszynski J. Advances in the management of digoxin toxicity in the older patient. Drugs Aging. 1997;10:18-33. Abstract

22. Gronert GA. Cardiac arrest after succinylcholine: Mortality greater with rhabdomyolysis than receptor upregulation. Anesthesiology. 2001;94:523-529. Abstract

23. Ochoa-Gomez J, Villar-Arias A, Aresti I, et al. A case of severe hyperkalaemia and compartment syndrome due to rhabdomyolysis after drugs abuse. Resuscitation. 2002;54:103-105. Abstract

24. Kalemkerian GP, Darwish B, Varterasian ML. Tumor lysis syndrome in small cell carcinoma and other solid tumors. Am J Med. 1997;103:363-367. Abstract

25. Colussi G, Cipriani D. Pseudohyperkalemia in extreme leukocytosis. Am J Nephrol. 1995;15:450-452. Abstract

26. Graber M, Subramani K, Corish D, et al. Thrombocytosis elevates serum potassium. Am J Kidney Dis. 1988;12:116-120. Abstract

27. Saperstein DS. Muscle channelopathies. Semin Neurol. 2008;28:260-269. Abstract

28. Lott C, Truhlář A, Alfonzo A, et al. European Resuscitation Council guidelines 2021: cardiac arrest in special circumstances. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr;161:152-219.Full text  Abstract

29. Panchal AR, Bartos JA, Cabañas JG, et al. Part 3: adult basic and advanced life support: 2020 American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_2):S366-468.Full text  Abstract

30. Deakin C, Soar J, Davies R. Resuscitation Council UK. Special circumstances guidelines. May 2021 [internet publication].Full text

31. Rafique Z, Peacock F, Armstead T, et al. Hyperkalemia management in the emergency department: an expert panel consensus. J Am Coll Emerg Physicians Open. 2021 Oct 1;2(5):e12572.Full text  Abstract

32. Rossignol P, Legrand M, Kosiborod M, et al. Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future. Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(pt a):585-91. Abstract

33. Lavonas EJ, Akpunonu PD, Arens AM, et al. 2023 American Heart Association focused update on the management of patients with cardiac arrest or life-threatening toxicity due to poisoning: an update to the American Heart Association guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care. Circulation. 2023 Oct 17;148(16):e149-84.Full text  Abstract

34. Batterink J, Cessford TA, Taylor RA. Pharmacological interventions for the acute management of hyperkalaemia in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Oct 29;10(10):CD010344.Full text  Abstract

35. Cheng CJ, Chiu JS, Huang WH, et al. Acute hyperkalemic paralysis in a uremic patient. J Nephrol. 2005;18:630-633. Abstract

36. Medicine and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. National patient safety alert: potential risk of underdosing with calcium gluconate in severe hyperkalaemia (NatPSA/2023/007/MHRA). Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

37. UK Kidney Association. Treatment of acute hyperkalaemia in adults. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

38. Choi MJ, Ziyadeh FN. The utility of the transtubular potassium gradient in the evaluation of hyperkalemia. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19:424-426.Full text  Abstract

39. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Acute kidney injury (AKI)​. Mar 2012 [internet publication].Full text

40. Statland JM, Fontaine B, Hanna MG, et al. Review of the diagnosis and treatment of periodic paralysis. Muscle Nerve. 2018 Apr;57(4):522-30.Full text  Abstract

41. Wasserman K, Stringer WW, Casaburi R, et al. Mechanism of the exercise hyperkalemia: an alternate hypothesis. J Appl Physiol 1997;83:631-643.Full text  Abstract

42. Clausen T. Quantification of Na+,K+ pumps and their transport rate in skeletal muscle: functional significance. J Gen Physiol. 2013 Oct;142(4):327-45.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer