Influenza infection

Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 5;68(6):e1-47.Full text  Abstract

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu). Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices — United States, 2023–24 Influenza Season. Aug 2023. [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza antiviral medications: summary for clinicians. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

1. Brankston G, Gitterman L, Hirji Z, et al. Transmission of influenza A in human beings. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 Apr;7(4):257-65. Abstract

2. Uyeki TM, Bernstein HH, Bradley JS, et al. Clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 update on diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management of seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Mar 5;68(6):e1-47.Full text  Abstract

3. Neuzil KM, Wright PF, Mitchel EF Jr, et al. The burden of influenza illness in children with asthma and other chronic medical conditions. J Pediatr. 2000 Dec;137(6):856-64. Abstract

4. Martin CM, Kunin CM, Gottlieb LS, et al. Asian influenza A in Boston, 1957-1958. Arch Intern Med. 1959 Apr;103(4):515-31. Abstract

5. Nicholson K, Wood JM, Zambon M, et al. Influenza. Lancet. 2003 Nov 22;362(9397):1733-45. Abstract

6. Zimmer SM, Burke DS. Historical perspective - Emergence of influenza A (H1N1) viruses. N Engl J Med. 2009 Jul 16;361(3):279-85. Abstract

7. Australian Government Department of Health. Australian influenza surveillance report. No. 12, 2017. Oct 2017 [internet publication].Full text

8. Uyeki TM, Wentworth DE, Jernigan DB. Influenza activity in the US during the 2020-2021 season. JAMA. 2021 Jun 8;325(22):2247-8. Abstract

9. UK Health Security Agency. Surveillance of influenza and other seasonal respiratory viruses in the UK. Jul 2023 [internet publication].Full text

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (Flu): Disease Burden of Flu. [internet publication].Full text

11. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Reconstruction of the 1918 influenza pandemic virus. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text

12. Stephenson I, Zambon M. The epidemiology of influenza. Occup Med (Lond). 2002 Aug;52(5):241-7. Abstract

13. Klimov A, Rocha E, Hayden FG, et al. Prolonged shedding of amantadine-resistant influenza A viruses by immunodeficient patients: detection by polymerase chain reaction-restriction analysis. J Infect Dis. 1995 Nov;172(5):1352-5. Abstract

14. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Estimates of deaths associated with seasonal influenza - United States, 1976-2007. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010 Aug 27;59(33):1057-62.Full text  Abstract

15. Kostova D, Reed C, Finelli L, et al. Influenza illness and hospitalizations averted by influenza vaccination in the United States, 2005-2011. PLoS One. 2013 Jun 19;8(6):e6631.Full text  Abstract

16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza (flu). Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text

17. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2023-2024. Pediatrics. 2023 Aug 29.Full text  Abstract

18. Hutchinson AF, Ghimire AK, Thompson MA, et al. A community-based, time-matched, case-control study of respiratory viruses and exacerbations of COPD. Respir Med. 2007 Dec;101(12):2472-81. Abstract

19. Kopsaftis Z, Wood-Baker R, Poole P. Influenza vaccine for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jun 26;(6):CD002733.Full text  Abstract

20. Bekkat-Berkani R, Wilkinson T, Buchy P, et al. Seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with COPD: a systematic literature review. BMC Pulm Med. 2017 May 3;17(1):79.Full text  Abstract

21. Nichol KL, Nordin J, Mullooly J, et al. Influenza vaccination and reduction in hospitalizations for cardiac disease and stroke among the elderly. N Engl J Med. 2003 Apr 3;348(14):1322-32.Full text  Abstract

22. Dos Santos G, Tahrat H, Bekkat-Berkani R. Immunogenicity, safety, and effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination in patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2018;14(8):1853-66.Full text  Abstract

23. Orzeck EA, Shi N, Blumentals WA. Oseltamivir and the risk of influenza-related complications and hospitalizations in patients with diabetes. Clin Ther. 2007 Oct;29(10):2246-55. Abstract

24. Mehta SR, Afenyi-Annan A, Byrns PJ, et al. Opportunities to improve outcomes in sickle cell disease. Am Fam Physician. 2006 Jul 15;74(2):303-10. Abstract

25. Kim YJ, Boeckh M, Englund JA. Community respiratory virus infections in immunocompromised patients: hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplant recipients, and individuals with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2007 Apr;28(2):222-42. Abstract

26. Zhang W, Sun H, Atiquzzaman M, et al. Influenza vaccination for HIV-positive people: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2018 Jun 27;36(28):4077-86. Abstract

27. Danziger-Isakov L, Kumar D, AST ID Community of Practice. Vaccination of solid organ transplant candidates and recipients: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13563. Abstract

28. Kumar D, Campbell P, Hoschler K, et al. Randomized controlled trial of adjuvanted versus nonadjuvanted influenza vaccine in kidney transplant recipients. Transplantation. 2016 Mar;100(3):662-9. Abstract

29. Beck CR, McKenzie BC, Hashim AB, et al. Influenza vaccination for immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis from a public health policy perspective. PLoS One. 2011 Dec 22;6(12):e29249.Full text  Abstract

30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR): prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices — United States, 2023–24 Influenza Season. Aug 2023. [internet publication].Full text

31. Hak E, Nordin J, Wei F, et al. Influence of high-risk medical conditions on the effectiveness of influenza vaccination among elderly members of 3 large managed-care organizations. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 Aug 15;35(4):370-7. Abstract

32. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Recommendations for obstetric health care providers related to use of antiviral medications in the treatment and prevention of influenza. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Full text

33. Influenza in pregnancy: prevention and treatment: ACOG committee statement no. 7. Obstet Gynecol. 2024 Feb 1;143(2):e24-30.Full text  Abstract

34. Wen T, Arditi B, Riley LE, et al. Influenza complicating delivery hospitalization and its association with severe maternal morbidity in the United States, 2000-2018. Obstet Gynecol. 2021 Aug 1;138(2):218-27. Abstract

35. Duque J, Howe AS, Azziz-Baumgartner E, et al. Multi-decade national cohort identifies adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes associated with acute respiratory illness hospitalisations during the influenza season. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2023 Jan;17(1):e13063.Full text  Abstract

36. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Immunization of health-care personnel: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2011 Nov 25;60(RR-7):1-45.Full text  Abstract

37. Bernstein HH, Starke JR; American Academy of Pediatrics; et al. Policy statement - recommendation for mandatory influenza immunization of all health care personnel. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):809-15. Abstract

38. Lazarus R, Baos S, Cappel-Porter H, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of concomitant administration of COVID-19 vaccines (ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2) with seasonal influenza vaccines in adults in the UK (ComFluCOV): a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 4 trial. Lancet. 2021 Dec 18;398(10318):2277-87.Full text  Abstract

39. Jackson LA, Gaglani MJ, Keyserling HL, et al. Safety, efficacy, and immunogenicity of an inactivated influenza vaccine in healthy adults: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial over two influenza seasons. BMC Infect Dis. 2010 Mar 17;10:71. Abstract

40. Beyer WE, Nauta JJ, Palache AM, et al. Immunogenicity and safety of inactivated influenza vaccines in primed populations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Vaccine. 2011 Aug 5;29(34):5785-92. Abstract

41. Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Ferroni E, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;(2):CD001269.Full text  Abstract

42. Bitterman R, Eliakim-Raz N, Vinograd I, et al. Influenza vaccines in immunosuppressed adults with cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;(2):CD008983.Full text  Abstract

43. Jefferson T, Rivetti A, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in healthy children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;(2):CD004879.Full text  Abstract

44. Demicheli V, Jefferson T, Di Pietrantonj C, et al. Vaccines for preventing influenza in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 1;(2):CD004876.Full text  Abstract

45. Rondy M, El Omeiri N, Thompson MG, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing severe influenza illness among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test-negative design case-control studies. J Infect. 2017 Nov;75(5):381-94.Full text  Abstract

46. Vasileiou E, Sheikh A, Butler C, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccines in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Oct 15;65(8):1388-95.Full text  Abstract

47. Olson SM, Newhams MM, Halasa NB, et al. Vaccine effectiveness against life-threatening influenza illness in US children. Clin Infect Dis. 2022 Aug 25;75(2):230-8.Full text  Abstract

48. Ferdinands JM, Thompson MG, Blanton L, et al. Does influenza vaccination attenuate the severity of breakthrough infections? A narrative review and recommendations for further research. Vaccine. 2021 Jun 23;39(28):3678-95. Abstract

49. Chung JR, Kim SS, Flannery B, et al. Vaccine-associated attenuation of subjective severity among outpatients with influenza. Vaccine. 2022 Jul 30;40(32):4322-7. Abstract

50. Committee on Infectious Diseases. Recommendations for prevention and control of influenza in children, 2023-2024. Pediatrics. 2023 Aug 29.Full text  Abstract

51. Nunes MC, Aqil AR, Omer SB, Madhi SA. The effects of influenza vaccination during pregnancy on birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Perinatol. 2016 Sep;33(11):1104-14.Full text  Abstract

52. Polyzos KA, Konstantelias AA, Pitsa CE, et al. Maternal influenza vaccination and risk for congenital malformations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Nov;126(5):1075-84. Abstract

53. Sukumaran L, McCarthy NL, Kharbanda EO, et al. Infant hospitalizations and mortality after maternal vaccination. Pediatrics. 2018 Mar;141(3):e20173310.Full text  Abstract

54. Panagiotakopoulos L, McCarthy NL, Tepper NK, et al. Evaluating the association of stillbirths after maternal vaccination in the vaccine safety datalink. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Dec;136(6):1086-94.Full text  Abstract

55. Wolfe DM, Fell D, Garritty C, et al. Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy: a systematic review. BMJ Open. 2023 Sep 6;13(9):e066182.Full text  Abstract

56. Thompson MG, Kwong JC, Regan AK, et al; PREVENT Workgroup. Influenza vaccine effectiveness in preventing influenza-associated hospitalizations during pregnancy: a multi-country retrospective test negative design study, 2010-2016. Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Apr 24;68(9):1444-53.Full text  Abstract

57. Nunes MC, Madhi SA. Influenza vaccination during pregnancy for prevention of influenza confirmed illness in the infants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2017 Mar 4;14(3):758-66.Full text  Abstract

58. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - influenza. May 2023. [internet publication].Full text

59. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Child and adolescent immunization schedule: recommendations for ages 18 years or younger, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

60. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Adult immunization schedule by age: recommendations for ages 19 years or older, United States, 2024. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

61. Fukuda K, Kieny MP. Different approaches to influenza vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 14;355(24):2586-7.Full text  Abstract

62. Wilde JA, McMillan JA, Serwint J, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in health care professionals: a randomized trial. JAMA. 1999 Mar 10;281(10):908-13.Full text  Abstract

63. Bridges CB, Thompson WW, Meltzer MI, et al. Effectiveness and cost-benefit of influenza vaccination of healthy working adults: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 Oct 4;284(13):1655-63.Full text  Abstract

64. Edwards KM, Dupont WD, Westrich MK, et al. A randomized controlled trial of cold-adapted and inactivated vaccines for the prevention of influenza A disease. J Infect Dis. 1994 Jan;169(1):68-76. Abstract

65. Ohmit SE, Victor JC, Rotthoff JR, et al. Prevention of antigenically drifted influenza by inactivated and live attenuated vaccines. N Engl J Med. 2006 Dec 14;355(24):2513-22.Full text  Abstract

66. DiazGranados CA, Denis M, Plotkin S. Seasonal influenza vaccine efficacy and its determinants in children and non-elderly adults: a systematic review with meta-analyses of controlled trials. Vaccine. 2012 Dec 17;31(1):49-57. Abstract

67. Manzoli L, Ioannidis JP, Flacco ME, et al. Effectiveness and harms of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in children, adults and elderly: a critical review and re-analysis of 15 meta-analyses. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2012 Jul;8(7):851-62.Full text  Abstract

68. Osterholm MT, Kelley NS, Sommer A, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012 Jan;12(1):36-44. Abstract

69. Monto AS, Rotthoff J, Teich E, et al. Detection and control of outbreaks in well-vaccinated nursing home populations. Clin Infect Dis. 2004 Aug 15;39(4):459-64. Abstract

70. Nichol KL, Nordin JD, Nelson DB, et al. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine in the community-dwelling elderly. N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 4;357(14):1373-81.Full text  Abstract

71. De Villiers PJ, Steele AD, Hiemstra LA, et al. Efficacy and safety of a live attenuated influenza vaccine in adults 60 years of age and older. Vaccine. 2009 Dec 10;28(1):228-34. Abstract

72. Jefferson T, Rivetti D, Rivetti A, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of influenza vaccines in elderly people: a systematic review. Lancet. 2005 Oct 1;366(9492):1165-74. Abstract

73. Armstrong BG, Mangtani P, Fletcher A, et al. Effect of influenza vaccination on excess deaths occurring during periods of high circulation of influenza: cohort study in elderly people. BMJ. 2004 Sep 18;329(7467):660.Full text  Abstract

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75. DiazGranados CA, Dunning AJ, Kimmel M, et al. Efficacy of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2014 Aug 14;371(7):635-45.Full text  Abstract

76. Nace DA, Lin CJ, Ross TM, et al. Randomized, controlled trial of high-dose influenza vaccine among frail residents of long-term care facilities. J Infect Dis. 2015 Jun 15;211(12):1915-24.Full text  Abstract

77. Lee JKH, Lam GKL, Shin T, et al. Efficacy and effectiveness of high-dose versus standard-dose influenza vaccination for older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2018 May 16;17(5):435-43. Abstract

78. Samson SI, Leventhal PS, Salamand C, et al. Immunogenicity of high-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2019 Feb 13;18(3):295-308. Abstract

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83. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Information for clinicians on influenza virus testing. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text

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129. Campbell AP, Tokars JI, Reynolds S, et al. Influenza antiviral treatment and length of stay. Pediatrics. 2021 Oct;148(4):e2021050417.Full text  Abstract

130. Ison MG, Portsmouth S, Yoshida Y, et al. Early treatment with baloxavir marboxil in high-risk adolescent and adult outpatients with uncomplicated influenza (CAPSTONE-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020 Oct;20(10):1204-14. Abstract

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