Reactive arthritis

References

Key articles

Parker CT, Thomas D. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;100:101-104. Abstract

Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al. The European Spondylarthropathy Study Group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1218-1227. Abstract

Toivanen A. Managing reactive arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:117-119. Abstract

Carter JD, Espinoza LR, Inman RD, et al. Combination antibiotics as a treatment for chronic Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1298-1307. Abstract

Colmegna I, Espinoza LR. Recent advances in reactive arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005;7:201-207. Abstract

Reference articles

1. Parker CT, Thomas D. Reiter's syndrome and reactive arthritis. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2000;100:101-104. Abstract

2. Braun J, Kingsley G, van der Heijde D, et al. On the difficulties of establishing a consensus on the definition of and diagnostic investigations of reactive arthritis. Results and discussion of a questionnaire prepared for the 4th International Workshop on Reactive Arthritis, Berlin, Germany, July 3-6, 1999. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:2185-2192. Abstract

3. Michet CJ, Machado EB, Ballard DJ, et al. Epidemiology of Reiter's syndrome in Rochester, Minnesota: 1950-1980. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:428-431. Abstract

4. Flores D, Marquez J, Garza M, et al. Reactive arthritis: newer developments. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2003;29:37-59. Abstract

5. Rudwaleit M, Richter S, Braun J, et al. Low incidence of reactive arthritis in children following a salmonella outbreak. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001;60:1055-1057. Abstract

6. Kvien TK, Glennas A, Melby G, et al. Reactive arthritis: incidence, triggering agents and clinical presentation. J Rheumatol. 1994;21:115-122. Abstract

7. Toivanen A, Toivanen P. Reactive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2004;18:689-703. Abstract

8. Rich E, Hook EW 3rd, Alarcon GS, et al. Reactive arthritis in patients attending an urban sexually transmitted diseases clinic. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:1172-1177. Abstract

9. Carter JD, Rehman A, Guthrie JP, et al. Attack rate of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis and effect of the CCR5-Delta-32 mutation: a prospective analysis. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:1578-1582. Abstract

10. Eastmond CJ, Rennie JA, Reid TM. An outbreak of Campylobacter enteritis - a rheumatological followup survey. J Rheumatol. 1983;10:107-108. Abstract

11. Dworkin MS, Shoemaker PC, Goldoft MJ, et al. Reactive arthritis and Reiter's syndrome following an outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by Salmonella enteritidis. Clin Infect Dis. 2001;33:1010-1014. Abstract

12. Garcia Ferrer HR, Azan A, Iraheta I, et al. Potential risk factors for reactive arthritis and persistence of symptoms at 2 years: a case-control study with longitudinal follow-up. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):415-422. Abstract

13. Gerard HC, Branigan PJ, Schumacher HR Jr, et al. Synovial Chlamydia trachomatis in patients with reactive arthritis/Reiter's syndrome are viable but show aberrant gene expression. J Rheumatol. 1998;25:734-742. Abstract

14. Gerard HC, Schumacher HR, El-Gabalawy H, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae present in the human synovium are viable and metabolically active. Microb Pathog. 2000;29:17-24. Abstract

15. Granfors K, Jalkanen S, Toivanen P, et al. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide in synovial fluid cells in Shigella triggered reactive arthritis. J Rheumatol. 1992;19:500. Abstract

16. Gaston JS, Cox C, Granfors K. Clinical and experimental evidence for persistent Yersinia infections in reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:2239-2242. Abstract

17. Braun J, Tuszewski M, Ehlers S, et al. Nested polymerase chain reaction strategy simultaneously targeting DNA sequences of multiple bacterial species in inflammatory joint diseases. II. Examination of sacroiliac and knee joint biopsies of patients with spondyloarthropathies and other arthritides. J Rheumatol. 1997;24:1101-1105. Abstract

18. Nikkari S, Merilahti-Palo R, Saario R, et al. Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. Use of polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemical staining in the detection of bacterial components from synovial specimens. Arthritis Rheum. 1992;35:682-687. Abstract

19. Nikkari S, Rantakokko K, Ekman P, et al. Salmonella-triggered reactive arthritis: use of polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemical staining, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in the detection of bacterial components from synovial fluid. Arthritis Rheum. 1999;42:84-89. Abstract

20. Taylor-Robinson D, Gilroy CB, Thomas BJ, et al. Detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA in joints of reactive arthritis patients by polymerase chain reaction. Lancet. 1992;340:81-82. Abstract

21. Viitanen AM, Arstila TP, Lahesmaa R, et al. Application of the polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence techniques to the detection of bacteria in Yersinia-triggered reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:89-96. Abstract

22. Barth WF, Segal K. Reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome). Am Fam Physician. 1999;60:499-503, 507. Abstract

23. Rahman MU, Hudson AP, Schumacher HR Jr. Chlamydia and Reiter's syndrome (reactive arthritis). Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1992;18:67-79. Abstract

24. Gerard HC, Whittum-Hudson JA, Schumacher HR, et al. Differential expression of three Chlamydia trachomatis hsp60-encoding genes in active vs. persistent infections. Microb Pathog. 2004;36:35-39. Abstract

25. Altekruse SF, Stern NJ, Fields PI, et al. Campylobacter jejuni - an emerging foodborne pathogen. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999;5:28-35. Abstract

26. Hannu T, Mattila L, Rautelin H, et al. Campylobacter-triggered reactive arthritis: a population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2002;41:312-318. Abstract

27. Hannu T, Kauppi M, Tuomala M, et al. Reactive arthritis following an outbreak of Campylobacter jejuni infection. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:528-530. Abstract

28. Buxton JA, Fyfe M, Berger S, et al. Reactive arthritis and other sequelae following sporadic Salmonella typhimurium infection in British Colombia, Canada: a case control study. J Rheumatol. 2002;29:2154-2158. Abstract

29. Hannu T, Mattila L, Siitonen A, et al. Reactive arthritis attributable to Shigella infection: a clinical and epidemiological nationwide study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2005;64:594-598.Full text  Abstract

30. Hannu T, Mattila L, Nuorti JP, et al. Reactive arthritis after an outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype O:3 infection. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:866-869. Abstract

31. Press N, Fyfe M, Bowie W, et al. Clinical and microbiological follow-up of an outbreak of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis serotype Ib. Scand J Infect Dis. 2001;33:523-526. Abstract

32. Vasala M, Hallanvuo S, Ruuska P, et al. High frequency of reactive arthritis in adults after Yersinia pseudotuberculosis O:1 outbreak caused by contaminated grated carrots. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014;73:1793-1796. Abstract

33. Gracey E, Inman RD. Chlamydia-induced ReA: immune imbalances and persistent pathogens. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2011;8:55-59. Abstract

34. Baillet AC, Rehaume L, Benham H, et al. High Chlamydia burden promotes TNF-dependent reactive arthritis in SKG mice. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2015;67:1535-1547. Abstract

35. Zugel U, Kaufmann SH. Role of heat shock proteins in protection from and pathogenesis of infectious diseases. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1999;12:19-39. Abstract

36. Gérard HC, Carter JD, Hudson AP. Chlamydia trachomatis is present and metabolically active during the remitting phase in synovial tissues from patients with chronic chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis. Am J Med Sci. 2013;346:22-25. Abstract

37. Morris D, Inman RD. Reactive arthritis: developments and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2012;14:390-394. Abstract

38. Airenne S, Surcel HM, Tuukkanen J, et al. Chlamydia pneumoniae inhibits apoptosis in human epithelial and monocyte cell lines. Scand J Immunol. 2002;55:390-398. Abstract

39. Dean D, Powers VC. Persistent Chlamydia trachomatis infections resist apoptotic stimuli. Infect Immun. 2001;69:2442-2447. Abstract

40. Chen YJ, Li RN, Lin CH, et al. The role of monocytes and SLC11A1 polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013;42:146-149. Abstract

41. Sheehan NJ. The ramifications of HLA-B27. J R Soc Med. 2004 Jan;97(1):10-4.Full text  Abstract

42. Gran JT, Mellby AS, Husby G. The prevalence of HLA-B27 in Northern Norway. Scand J Rheumatol. 1984;13(2):173-6. Abstract

43. Inman RD, Johnston ME, Hodge M, et al. Postdysenteric reactive arthritis: a clinical and immunogenetic study following an outbreak of salmonellosis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:1377-1383. Abstract

44. Mattila L, Leirisalo-Repo M, Koskimies S, et al. Reactive arthritis following an outbreak of Salmonella infection in Finland. Br J Rheumatol. 1994;33:1136-1141. Abstract

45. Matilla L, Leirisalo-Repo M, Pelkonen P, et al. Reactive arthritis following an outbreak of Salmonella bovismorbificans infection. J Infect. 1998;36:289-295. Abstract

46. Carter JD, Valeriano J, Vasey FB. Doxycycline versus doxycycline and rifampin in undifferentiated spondyloarthropathy with special reference to chlamydia-induced arthritis. A prospective, randomized 9-month comparison. J Rheumatol. 2004;31:1973-1980. Abstract

47. Kvien TK, Gaston JS, Bardin T, et al. Three month treatment of reactive arthritis with azithromycin: a EULAR double-blind, placebo controlled study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1113-1119. Abstract

48. Dulphy N, Peyrat MA, Tieng V, et al. Common intra-articular T cell expansions in patients with reactive arthritis: identical beta-chain junctional sequences and cytotoxicity toward HLA-B27. J Immunol. 1999;162:3830-3839. Abstract

49. Bowness P. HLA-B27. Annu Rev Immunol. 2015;33:29-48. Abstract

50. Chatzikyriakidou A, Voulgari PV, Drosos AA. What is the role of HLA-B27 in spondyloarthropathies? Autoimmun Rev. 2011 Jun;10(8):464-8.Full text  Abstract

51. Keat AC, Maini RN, Pegrum GD, et al. The clinical features and HLA associations of reactive arthritis associated with non-gonococcal urethritis. Q J Med. 1979;48:323-342. Abstract

52. Tinazzi E, Ficarra V, Simeoni S, et al. Reactive arthritis following BCG immunotherapy for urinary bladder carcinoma: a systematic review. Rheumatol Int. 2006 Apr;26(6):481-8.Full text  Abstract

53. Bernini L, Manzini CU, Giuggioli D, et al. Reactive arthritis induced by intravesical BCG therapy for bladder cancer: our clinical experience and systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2013 Oct;12(12):1150-9.Full text  Abstract

54. Gran JT, Husby G. HLA-B27 and spondyloarthropathy: value for early diagnosis? J Med Genet. 1995 Jul;32(7):497-501.Full text  Abstract

55. Sieper J, Rudwaleit M, Braun J, et al. Diagnosing reactive arthritis: role of clinical setting in the value of serologic and microbiologic assays. Arthritis Rheum. 2002;46:319-327. Abstract

56. van der Linden SM, Valkenburg HA, de Jongh BM, et al. The risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis in HLA-B27 positive individuals. A comparison of relatives of spondylitis patients with the general population. Arthritis Rheum. 1984 Mar;27(3):241-9.Full text  Abstract

57. Leirisalo-Repo M, Hannu T, Mattila L. Microbial factors in spondyloarthropathies: insights from population studies. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2003 Jul;15(4):408-12. Abstract

58. Omair MA, AlDuraibi FK, Bedaiwi MK, et al. Prevalence of HLA-B27 in the general population and in patients with axial spondyloarthritis in Saudi Arabia. Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Jul;36(7):1537-43. Abstract

59. Carlin E, Marzo-Ortega H, Flew S. British Association of Sexual Health and HIV national guideline on the management of sexually acquired reactive arthritis 2021. Int J STD AIDS. 2021 Oct;32(11):986-997. Abstract

60. British Association for Sexual Health and HIV. 2015 UK national guideline for the management of infection with Chlamydia trachomatis. Mar 2016 [internet publication].Full text

61. Tuuminen T, Lounamo K, Leirisalo-Repo M. A review of serological tests to assist diagnosis of reactive arthritis: critical appraisal on methodologies. Front Immunol. 2013;4:418.Full text  Abstract

62. Martel W, Braunstein EM, Borlaza G, et al. Radiologic features of Reiter disease. Radiology. 1979;132:1-10. Abstract

63. Russell AS, Davis P, Percy JS, et al. The sacroiliitis of acute Reiter's syndrome. J Rheumatol. 1977;4:293-296. Abstract

64. Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging: Jacobson JA, Roberts CC, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria: chronic extremity joint pain-suspected inflammatory arthritis. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5s):S81-S89.Full text  Abstract

65. Mandl P, Navarro-Compán V, Terslev L, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jul;74(7):1327-39.Full text  Abstract

66. Ozgul A, Dede I, Taskaynatan MA, et al. Clinical presentations of chlamydial and non-chlamydial reactive arthritis. Rheumatol Int. 2006;26:879-885. Abstract

67. Dougados M, van der Linden S, Juhlin R, et al. The European Spondylarthropathy Study Group preliminary criteria for the classification of spondylarthropathy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:1218-1227. Abstract

68. Toivanen A. Managing reactive arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2000;39:117-119. Abstract

69. Lassus A. A comparative pilot study of azapropazone and indomethacin in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis and Reiter's disease. Curr Med Res Opin. 1976;4(1):65-9. Abstract

70. Juvakoski T, Lassus A. A double-blind cross-over evaluation of ketoprofen and indomethacin in Reiter's disease. Scand J Rheumatol. 1982;11(2):106-8. Abstract

71. Clegg DO, Reda DJ, Weisman MH, et al. Comparison of sulfasalazine and placebo in the treatment of reactive arthritis (Reiter's syndrome). A Department of Veteran's Affairs Cooperative Study. Arthritis Rheum. 1996;39:2021-2027. Abstract

72. Rihl M, Gu J, Baeten D, et al. Alpha beta but not gamma delta T cell clones in synovial fluids of patients with reactive arthritis show active transcription of tumour necrosis factor alpha and interferon gamma. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004;63:1673-1676. Abstract

73. Flagg SD, Meador R, Hsia E, et al. Decreased pain and synovial inflammation after etanercept therapy in patients with reactive and undifferentiated arthritis: an open-label trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;53:613-617. Abstract

74. Oili KS, Niinisalo H, Korpilahde T, et al. Treatment of reactive arthritis with infliximab. Scand J Rheumatol. 2003;32:122-124. Abstract

75. Haibel H, Brandt J, Rudwaleit M, et al. Therapy of chronic enteral reactive arthritis with infliximab. Ann Rheum Dis. 2003;62:ABO380.

76. Meyer A, Chatelus E, Wendling D, et al. Safety and efficacy of anti-tumor necrosis factor α therapy in ten patients with recent-onset refractory reactive arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2011;63:1274-1280.Full text  Abstract

77. Brinster A, Guillot X, Prati C, et al. Anti-TNF treatment of reactive arthritis. A monocentric experience. Joint Bone Spine. 2017 Mar;84(2):237-238.Full text  Abstract

78. Lauhio A, Leirisalo-Repo M, Lahdevirta J, et al. Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of three-month treatment with lymecycline in reactive arthritis, with special reference to Chlamydia arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1991;34:6-14. Abstract

79. Putschky N, Pott HG, Kuipers JG, et al. Comparing 10-day and 4-month doxycycline courses for treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis-reactive arthritis: A prospective, double-blind trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006;65:1521-1524.Full text  Abstract

80. Carter JD, Espinoza LR, Inman RD, et al. Combination antibiotics as a treatment for chronic Chlamydia-induced reactive arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective trial. Arthritis Rheum. 2010;62:1298-1307. Abstract

81. Barber CE, Kim J, Inman RD, et al. Antibiotics for treatment of reactive arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Rheumatol. 2013;40:916-928. Abstract

82. Khan MA. Update on spondyloarthropathies. Ann Intern Med. 2002;136:896-907. Abstract

83. Colmegna I, Espinoza LR. Recent advances in reactive arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep. 2005;7:201-207. Abstract

84. Leirisalo-Repo M, Helenius P, Hannu T, et al. Long-term prognosis of reactive salmonella arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 1997;56:516-520. Abstract

85. Yli-Kerttula T, Tertti R, Toivanen A. Ten-year follow up study of patients from a Yersinia pseudotuberculosis III outbreak. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995;13:333-337. Abstract

86. Rihl M, Klos A, Kohler L, et al. Infection and musculoskeletal conditions: reactive arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2006;20:1119-1137. Abstract

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