Anterior cruciate ligament injury

Arundale AJH, Bizzini M, Giordano A, et al. Exercise-Based Knee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Sep;48(9):A1-A42.Full text  Abstract

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries​: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text

Padua DA, DiStefano LJ, Hewett TE, et al. National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Athl Train. 2018 Jan;53(1):5-19.Full text  Abstract

van Melick N, van Cingel RE, Brooijmans F, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec;50(24):1506-15.Full text  Abstract

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5. Hong SH, Choi JY, Lee GK, et al. Grading of anterior cruciate ligament injury: diagnostic efficacy of oblique coronal magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003;27:814-9. Abstract

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12. Mihata LC, Beutler AI, Boden BP. Comparing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury in collegiate lacrosse, soccer, and basketball players. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:899-904. Abstract

13. Agel J, Arendt EA, Bershadsky B. Anterior cruciate ligament injury in National Collegiate Athletic Association basketball and soccer: a 13 year review. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:524-30. Abstract

14. Myer GD, Ford KR, Hewett TE. Methodological approaches and rationale for training to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004;14:275-85. Abstract

15. Giugliano DN, Solomon JL. ACL tears in female athletes. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2007;18:417-38. Abstract

16. Ireland ML, Ott SM. Special concerns of the female athlete. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23:281-98. Abstract

17. Krosshaug T, Nakamae A, Boden BP, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury in basketball: video analysis of 39 cases. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:359-67. Abstract

18. Trojian TH, Collins S. The anterior cruciate ligament tear rate varies by race in professional women's basketball. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:895-8. Abstract

19. Slauterbeck JR, Hickox JR, Beynnon B, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament biology and its relationship to injury forces. Orthop Clin North Am. 2006;37:585-91. Abstract

20. Fleming BC, Renstrom PA, Beynnon BD, et al. The effect of weightbearing and external loading on anterior cruciate ligament strain. J Biomech. 2001;34:163-70. Abstract

21. Crain EH, Fithian DC, Paxton EW, et al. Variation in anterior cruciate ligament scar pattern: does the scar pattern affect anterior laxity in anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knees? Arthroscopy. 2005;21:19-24. Abstract

22. Warren RF, Marshall JL. Injuries of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments of the knee. A retrospective analysis of clinical records - part I. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1978;136:191-7. Abstract

23. Fauno P, Wulff Jakobsen B. Mechanism of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in soccer. Int J Sports Med. 2006;27:75-9. Abstract

24. Griffin LY, Agel J, Albohm MJ, et al. Noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: risk factors and prevention strategies. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2000;8:141-50. Abstract

25. Yu B, Garrett WE. Mechanisms of non-contact ACL injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(suppl 1):i47-i51. Abstract

26. Hewett TE, Myer GD, Ford KR. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 1, mechanisms and risk factors. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:299-311. Abstract

27. Hewett TE, Zazulak BT, Myer GD, et al. A review of electromyographic activation levels, timing differences, and increased anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence in female athletes. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:347-50.Full text  Abstract

28. Faude O, Junge A, Kindermann W, et al. Risk factors for injuries in elite female soccer players. Br J Sports Med. 2006;40:785-90.Full text  Abstract

29. McConkey JP. Anterior cruciate ligament rupture in skiing: a new mechanism of injury. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:160-4. Abstract

30. Giza E, Mithofer K, Farrell L, et al. Injuries in women's professional soccer. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:212-6.Full text  Abstract

31. Pope RP. Injury surveillance and systematic investigation identify a rubber matting hazard for anterior cruciate ligament rupture on an obstacle course. Mil Med. 2002;167:359-62. Abstract

32. Orchard JW, Chivers I, Aldous D, et al. Rye grass is associated with fewer non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injuries than bermuda grass. Br J Sports Med. 2005;39:704-9.Full text  Abstract

33. Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, et al. Rainfall, evaporation and the risk of non-contact anterior cruciate ligament injury in the Australian Football League. Med J Australia. 1999;170:304-6. Abstract

34. Orchard J. Is there a relationship between ground and climatic conditions and injuries in football? Sports Med. 2002;32:419-32. Abstract

35. Orchard J, Seward H, McGivern J, Hood S. Intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury in Australian footballers. Am J Sports Med. 2001;29:196-200. Abstract

36. Chappell JD, Herman DC, Knight BS, et al. Effect of fatigue on knee kinetics and kinematics in stop-jump tasks. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1022-9. Abstract

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40. Yoo JH, Lim BO, Ha M, et al. A meta-analysis of the effect of neuromuscular training on the prevention of the anterior cruciate ligament injury in female athletes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2010;18:824-30. Abstract

41. Arundale AJH, Bizzini M, Giordano A, et al. Exercise-Based Knee and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Prevention. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2018 Sep;48(9):A1-A42.Full text  Abstract

42. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of anterior cruciate ligament injuries​: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. Aug 2022 [internet publication].Full text

43. Sadoghi P, von Keudell A, Vavken P. Effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention training programs. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2012;94:769-76. Abstract

44. Padua DA, DiStefano LJ, Hewett TE, et al. National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Prevention of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury. J Athl Train. 2018 Jan;53(1):5-19.Full text  Abstract

45. Shelbourne KD, Rowdon GA. Anterior cruciate ligament injury: the competitive athlete. Sports Med. 1994;17:132-40. Abstract

46. Maffulli N, Binfield PM, King JB, et al. Acute haemarthrosis of the knee in athletes: a prospective study of 106 cases. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75:945-9.Full text  Abstract

47. Ostrowski JA. Accuracy of 3 diagnostic tests for anterior cruciate ligament tears. J Athl Train. 2006;41:120-1.Full text  Abstract

48. Benjaminse A, Gokeler A, van der Schans CP. Clinical diagnosis of an anterior cruciate ligament rupture: a meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2006;36:267-88. Abstract

49. Solomon DH, Simel DL, Bates DW, et al. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have a torn meniscus or ligament of the knee? Value of the physical examination. JAMA. 2001;286:1610-20. Abstract

50. Kocher MS, Steadman JR, Briggs KK, et al. Relationships between objective assessment of ligament stability and subjective assessment of symptoms and function after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:629-34. Abstract

51. Stiell IG, Wells GA, McDowell I, et al. Use of radiography in acute knee injuries: need for clinical decision rules. Acad Emerg Med. 1995 Nov;2(11):966-73.Full text  Abstract

52. Expert Panel on Musculoskeletal Imaging, Taljanovic MS, Chang EY, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® acute trauma to the knee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2020 May;17(5s):S12-S25.Full text  Abstract

53. Davis DS, Post WR. Segond fracture: lateral capsular ligament avulsion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1997;25:103-6. Abstract

54. Thomas S, Pullagura M, Robinson E, et al. The value of magnetic resonance imaging in our current management of ACL and meniscal injuries. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2007;15:533-6. Abstract

55. Bining J, Andrews G, Forster BB. The ABCs of the anterior cruciate ligament: a primer for magnetic resonance imaging assessment of the normal, injured and surgically repaired anterior cruciate ligament. Br J Sports Med. 2009;43:856-62. Abstract

56. Chang CB, Seong SC, Kim TK. Preoperative magnetic resonance assessment of patellar tendon dimensions for graft selection in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Am J Sports Med. 2009;37:376-82. Abstract

57. Shea MA, Coppola GW. Knee pain, swelling and instability. Phys Sportsmed. 2003;31:31-3.

58. Emparanza JI, Aginaga JR. Validation of the Ottawa knee rules. Ann Emerg Med. 2001;38:364-8. Abstract

59. Ballmer PM, Jakob RP. The non operative treatment of isolated complete tears of the medial collateral ligament of the knee: a prospective study. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1988;107:273-6. Abstract

60. St Pierre P, Miller MD. Posterior cruciate ligament injuries. Clin Sports Med. 1999;18:199-221. Abstract

61. Quarles JD, Hosey RG. Medial and lateral collateral injuries: prognosis and treatment. Prim Care. 2004;31:957-75. Abstract

62. Fowler PJ, Lubliner JA. The predictive value of five clinical signs in the evaluation of meniscal pathology. Arthroscopy. 1989;5:184-6. Abstract

63. Karachalios T, Hantes M, Zibis AH, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of a new clinical test (the Thessaly test) for early detection of meniscal tears. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005;87:955-62. Abstract

64. Fox MG. MR imaging of the meniscus: review, current trends, and clinical implications. Magn Reson Imaging Clin N Am. 2007;15:103-23. Abstract

65. Sims WF, Jacobson KE. The posteromedial corner of the knee: medial-sided injury patterns revisited. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:337-45. Abstract

66. Boden BP, Pearsall AW, Garrett WE Jr, et al. Patellofemoral instability: evaluation and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1997;5:47-57. Abstract

67. Elias DA, White LM. Imaging of patellofemoral disorders. Clin Radiol. 2004;59:543-57. Abstract

68. Failla MJ, Arundale AJ, Logerstedt DS, et al. Controversies in knee rehabilitation: anterior cruciate ligament injury. Clin Sports Med. 2015;34:301-12. Abstract

69. Saka T. Principles of postoperative anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation. World J Orthop. 2014;5:450-9. Abstract

70. Strehl A, Eggli S. The value of conservative treatment in ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). J Trauma. 2007;62:1159-62. Abstract

71. Beynnon BD, Johnson RJ, Abate JA, et al. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries, part I. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:1579-602. Abstract

72. Frobell RB, Roos EM, Roos HP, et al. A randomized trial of treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tears. N Engl J Med. 2010;363:331-42. [Erratum in: N Engl J Med. 2010;363:893.]Full text  Abstract

73. Frobell RB, Roos HP, Roos EM, et al. Treatment for acute anterior cruciate ligament tear: five year outcome of randomised trial. BMJ. 2013;346:f232.Full text  Abstract

74. Monk AP, Davies LJ, Hopewell S, et al. Surgical versus conservative interventions for treating anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 3;4:CD011166.Full text  Abstract

75. Legnani C, Terzaghi C, Borgo E, et al. Management of anterior cruciate ligament rupture in patients aged 40 years and older. J Orthop Traumatol. 2011;12:177-84.Full text  Abstract

76. Andersson D, Samuelsson K, Karlsson J. Treatment of anterior cruciate ligament injuries with special reference to surgical technique and rehabilitation: an assessment of randomized controlled trials. Arthroscopy. 2009;25:653-85. Abstract

77. Mohtadi NG, Chan DS, Dainty KN, et al. Patellar tendon versus hamstring tendon autograft for anterior cruciate ligament rupture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;(9):CD005960. Abstract

78. Webster KE, Feller JA, Hartnett N, et al. Comparison of patellar tendon and hamstring tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a 15-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2016;44:83-90. Abstract

79. Mohtadi N, Chan D, Barber R, et al. A randomized clinical trial comparing patellar tendon, hamstring tendon, and double-bundle ACL reconstructions: patient-reported and clinical outcomes at a minimal 2-year follow-up. Clin J Sports Med. 2015;25:321-31.Full text  Abstract

80. Lubowitz JH, Elson WS, Guttmann D. Part II: arthroscopic treatment of tibial plateau fractures: intercondylar eminence avulsion fractures. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:86-92. Abstract

81. Hiemstra LA, Veale K, Sasyniuk T. Knee immobilization in the immediate post-operative period following ACL reconstruction. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16:199-202. Abstract

82. Harilainen A, Sandelin J. Post-operative use of knee brace in bone-tendon-bone patellar tendon anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: 5-year follow-up results of a randomized prospective study. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2006;16:14-8. Abstract

83. Shelbourne KD, Klotz C. What I have learned about the ACL: utilizing a progressive rehabilitation scheme to achieve total knee symmetry after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. J Orthop Sci. 2006;11:318-25. Abstract

84. Daniel DM, Stone ML, Dobson BE, et al. Fate of the ACL-injured patient: a prospective outcome study. Am J Sports Med. 1994;22:632-44. Abstract

85. Shelbourne KD, Gray T. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with autogenous patellar tendon graft followed by accelerated rehabilitation: a two to nine year follow-up. Am J Sports Med. 1997;25:786-95. Abstract

86. Roi GS, Creta D, Nanni G, et al. Return to official Italian First Division soccer games within 90 days after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a case report. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2005;35:52-61. Abstract

87. Kvist J. Rehabilitation following anterior cruciate ligament injury: current recommendations for sports participation. Sports Med. 2004;34:269-80. Abstract

88. Gobbi A, Francisco R. Factors affecting return to sports after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon and hamstring graft: a prospective clinical investigation. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc. 2006;14:1021-8. Abstract

89. van Melick N, van Cingel RE, Brooijmans F, et al. Evidence-based clinical practice update: practice guidelines for anterior cruciate ligament rehabilitation based on a systematic review and multidisciplinary consensus. Br J Sports Med. 2016 Dec;50(24):1506-15.Full text  Abstract

90. Ardern CL, Webster KE, Taylor NF, et al. Return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the state of play. Br J Sports Med. 2011;45:596-606. Abstract

91. Salmon L, Russell V, Musgrove T, et al. Incidence and risk factors for graft rupture and contralateral rupture after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Arthroscopy. 2005;21:948-57. Abstract

92. Murray MM, Spindler KP, Devin C, et al. Use of a collagen-platelet rich plasma scaffold to stimulate healing of a central defect in the canine ACL. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:820-30. Abstract

93. Vavken P, Sadoghi P, Murray MM. The effect of platelet concentrates on graft maturation and graft-bone interface healing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in human patients: a systematic review of controlled trials. Arthroscopy. 2011;27:1573-83.Full text  Abstract

94. Moraes VY, Lenza M, Tamaoki MJ, et al. Platelet-rich therapies for musculoskeletal soft tissue injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;(4):CD010071.Full text  Abstract

95. Meaney Murray M, Rice K, Wright RJ, et al. The effect of selected growth factors on human anterior cruciate ligament cell interactions with a three-dimensional collagen-GAG scaffold. J Orthop Res. 2003;21:238-44. Abstract

96. Murray MM, Bennett R, Zhang X, et al. Cell outgrowth from the human ACL in vitro: regional variation and response to TGF-beta1. J Orthop Res. 2002;20:875-80. Abstract

97. Kondo E, Yasuda K, Yamanaka M, et al. Effects of administration of exogenous growth factors on biomechanical properties of the elongation-type anterior cruciate ligament injury with partial laceration. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:188-96. Abstract

98. Murray MM, Fleming BC, Badger GJ, et al. Bridge-Enhanced Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair Is Not Inferior to Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction at 2 Years: Results of a Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Sports Med. 2020 May;48(6):1305-15.Full text  Abstract

99. DiFelice GS, Villegas C, Taylor S. Anterior cruciate ligament preservation: early results of a novel arthroscopic technique for suture anchor primary anterior cruciate ligament repair. Arthroscopy. 2015;31:2162-71. Abstract

100. Karaaslan F, Karaoğlu S, Yurdakul E. Reducing intra-articular hemarthrosis after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction by the administration of intravenous tranexamic acid: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43:2720-6. Abstract

101. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. LARS for reconstructing damaged intra-articular cruciate knee ligaments. May 2015 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

102. Ardern CL, Ekås GR, Grindem H, et al. 2018 International Olympic Committee consensus statement on prevention, diagnosis and management of paediatric anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Apr;52(7):422-38.Full text  Abstract

103. Hawkins RJ, Misamore GW, Merritt TR. Followup of the acute nonoperated isolated anterior cruciate ligament tear. Am J Sports Med. 1986;14:205-10. Abstract

104. Keene GC, Bickerstaff D, Rae PJ, et al. The natural history of meniscal tears in anterior cruciate ligament insufficiency. Am J Sports Med. 1993;21:672-79. Abstract

105. Bellabarba C, Bush-Joseph CA, Bach BR Jr. Patterns of meniscal injury in the anterior cruciate-deficient knee: a review of the literature. Am J Orthop. 1997;26:18-23. Abstract

106. Paul JJ, Spindler KP, Andrish JT, et al. Jumping versus nonjumping anterior cruciate ligament injuries: a comparison of pathology. Clin J Sport Med. 2003;13:1-5. Abstract

107. Millett PJ, Willis AA, Warren RF. Associated injuries in pediatric and adolescent anterior cruciate ligament tears: does a delay in treatment increase the risk of meniscal tear? Arthroscopy. 2002;18:955-9. Abstract

108. Mandalia V, Fogg AJ, Chari R, et al. Bone bruising of the knee. Clin Radiol. 2005;60:627-36. Abstract

109. Shelbourne KD, Haro MS, Gray T. Knee dislocation with lateral side injury: results of an en masse surgical repair technique of the lateral side. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:1105-16. Abstract

110. Brophy RH, Zeltser D, Wright RW, et al. Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and concomitant articular cartilage injury: incidence and treatment. Arthroscopy. 2010;26:112-20. Abstract

111. Bowers AL, Spindler KP, McCarty EC, et al. Height, weight, and BMI predict intra-articular injuries observed during ACL reconstruction: evaluation of 456 cases from a prospective ACL database. Clin J Sport Med. 2005;15:9-13. Abstract

112. Williams GN, Buchanan TS, Barrance PJ, et al. Quadriceps weakness, atrophy, and activation failure in predicted non-copers after anterior cruciate ligament injury. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:402-7. Abstract

113. Murakami H, Shinomiya N, Kikuchi T, et al. Upregulated expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase plays a key role in early apoptosis after anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Orthop Res. 2006;24:1521-34. Abstract

114. Tiderius CJ, Olsson LE, Nyquist F, et al. Cartilage glycosaminoglycan loss in the acute phase after an anterior cruciate ligament injury: delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage and synovial fluid analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52:120-7.Full text  Abstract

115. Silvers HJ, Mandelbaum BR. Prevention of anterior cruciate ligament injury in the female athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2007;41(suppl 1):i52-9. Abstract

116. Hewett TE, Ford KR, Myer GD. Anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: Part 2, a meta-analysis of neuromuscular interventions aimed at injury prevention. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:490-8. Abstract

117. Stevenson JH, Beattie CS, Schwartz JB, et al. Assessing the effectiveness of neuromuscular training programs in reducing the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injuries in female athletes: a systematic review. Am J Sports Med. 2015;43:482-90. Abstract

118. Grindstaff TL, Hammill RR, Tuzson AE, et al. Neuromuscular control training programs and noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury rates in female athletes: a numbers-needed-to-treat analysis. J Athl Train. 2006;41:450-6.Full text  Abstract

119. Wright RW, Fetzer GB. Bracing after ACL reconstruction: a systematic review. Clin Orthop Rel Res. 2007;455:162-8. Abstract

120. Najibi S, Albright JP. The use of knee braces, part 1: prophylactic knee braces in contact sports. Am J Sports Med. 2005;33:602-11. Abstract