Brachial plexus injury

Nath RK, Lyons AB, Bietz G. Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve following brachial plexus root avulsion injury. J Neurosurg. 2006;105:1-5. Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: plexopathy. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

1. Nath RK, Lyons AB, Bietz G. Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve following brachial plexus root avulsion injury. J Neurosurg. 2006;105:1-5. Abstract

2. Moghekar AR, Moghekar AR, Karli N, et al. Brachial plexopathies: etiology, frequency, and electrodiagnostic localization. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis. 2007;9:243-7. Abstract

3. Sunderland S. Nerves and nerve injuries, 2nd Edition. London: Churchill Livingstone; 1978.

4. Seddon HJ. Three types of nerve injury. Brain. 1943;66:237-88.

5. Midha R. Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population. Neurosurgery. 1997;40:1182-8. Abstract

6. Dy CJ, Peacock K, Olsen MA, et al. Incidence of surgically treated brachial plexus injury in privately insured adults under 65 years of age in the USA. HSS J. 2020 Dec;16(Suppl 2):339-43.Full text  Abstract

7. American College of Surgeons. National Trauma Data Bank annual report 2016 [internet publication].Full text

8. Blankson PK, Amoako JKA, Asah-Opoku K, et al. Epidemiology of injuries presenting to the accident centre of Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital, Ghana. BMC Emerg Med. 2019 Jul 20;19(1):39.Full text  Abstract

9. Gilbert WH, Nesbitt TS, Danielsen B. Associated factors in 1611 cases of brachial plexus injury. Obstet Gynecol. 1999;93:536-40. Abstract

10. Van der Looven R, Le Roy L, Tanghe E, et al. Risk factors for neonatal brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2020 Jun;62(6):673-83.Full text  Abstract

11. Kim DH, Cho YJ, Tiel RL, et al. Outcomes of surgery in 1019 brachial plexus lesions treated at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center. J Neurosurg. 2003;98:1005-16. Abstract

12. Mullins GM, O'Sullivan SS, Neligan A, et al. Non-traumatic brachial plexopathies, clinical, radiological and neurophysiological findings from a tertiary centre. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2007;109:661-6. Abstract

13. Bisbinas I, Langkamer VG. Pitfalls and delay in the diagnosis of Pancoast tumour presenting in orthopaedic units. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1999;81:291-5.Full text  Abstract

14. Mygland A. Approach to the patient with chronic polyneuropathy. Acta Neurol Scand Suppl. 2007;187:15-21.

15. Johnson EO, Vekris MD, Zoubos AB, et al. Neuroanatomy of the brachial plexus: the missing link in the continuity between the central and peripheral nervous systems. Microsurgery. 2006;26:218-29. Abstract

16. Spinner RJ. Outcomes for peripheral nerve entrapment syndromes. Clin Neurosurg. 2006;53:285-94.Full text  Abstract

17. Smith, SJM. Electrodiagnosis. In: Birch R, Bonney G, Wynn Parry CB, eds. Surgical disorders of the peripheral nerves. London: Churchill-Livingstone; 1998:467-90.

18. Shin AY, Spinner RJ, Steinmann SP, et al. Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2005;13:382-96. Abstract

19. Carvalho GA, Nikkhah G, Matthies C, et al. Diagnosis of root avulsions in traumatic brachial plexus injuries: value of computerized tomography myelography and magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurosurg. 1997;86:69-76. Abstract

20. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: plexopathy. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

21. Garg R, Merrell GA, Hillstrom HJ, et al. Comparison of nerve transfers and nerve grafting for traumatic upper plexus palsy: a systematic review and analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2011;93:819-29. Abstract

22. Wells ME, Gonzalez GA, Childs BR, et al. Radial to axillary nerve transfer outcomes in shoulder abduction: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020 Sep 23;8(9):e3096.Full text  Abstract

23. Schessler MJ, McClellan WT. The role of nerve transfers for C5-C6 brachial plexus injury in adults. W V Med J. 2010 Jan-Feb;106(1):12-7. Abstract

24. Lanier ST, Hill JR, James AS, et al. Approach to the pan-brachial plexus injury: variation in surgical strategies among surgeons. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2020 Nov 24;8(11):e3267.Full text  Abstract

25. Amrami KK, Port JD. Imaging the brachial plexus. Hand Clin. 2005;21:25-37. Abstract

26. Baute V, Strakowski JA, Reynolds JW, et al. Neuromuscular ultrasound of the brachial plexus: a standardized approach. Muscle Nerve. 2018 Nov;58(5):618-24. Abstract

27. Gonzalez NL, Hobson-Webb LD. Neuromuscular ultrasound in clinical practice: a review. Clin Neurophysiol Pract. 2019 Jul 12;4:148-63.Full text  Abstract

28. Medical Research Council/Guarantors of Brain. Aids to the examination of the peripheral nervous system. London: Ballière Tindall; 1986.

29. Nath RK, Mackinnon SE. Nerve transfers in the upper extremity. Hand Clin. 2000;16:131-9. Abstract

30. Leechavengvongs S, Witoonchart K, Uerpairojkit C, et al. Combined nerve transfers for C5 and C6 brachial plexus avulsion injury. J Hand Surg (Am). 2006;31:183-9. Abstract

31. Lovaglio AC, Socolovsky M, Di Masi G, et al. Treatment of neuropathic pain after peripheral nerve and brachial plexus traumatic injury. Neurol India. 2019 Jan-Feb;67(Suppl):S32-7.Full text  Abstract

32. Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Guzmán-de la Garza FJ, Barrera-Oranday EA, et al. Celecoxib accelerates functional recovery after sciatic nerve crush in the rat. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2008;3:25.Full text  Abstract

33. Martin E, Senders JT, DiRisio AC, et al. Timing of surgery in traumatic brachial plexus injury: a systematic review. J Neurosurg. 2018 May 1;1-13.Full text  Abstract

34. Noland SS, Bishop AT, Spinner RJ, et al. Adult traumatic brachial plexus injuries. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2019 Oct 1;27(19):705-16.Full text  Abstract

35. Gkiatas I, Papadopoulos D, Korompilias A, Vekris M, Beris A, Kostas-Agnantis I. Traumatic upper plexus palsy: is the exploration of brachial plexus necessary? Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2019 Feb;29(2):255-62. Abstract

36. Hoang D, Chen VW, Seruya M. Recovery of elbow flexion after nerve reconstruction versus free functional muscle transfer for late, traumatic brachial plexus palsy: a systematic review. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018 Apr;141(4):949-59. Abstract

37. Kakinoki R, Ikeguchi R, Dunkan SF, et al. Comparison between partial ulnar and intercostal nerve transfers for reconstructing elbow flexion in patients with upper brachial plexus injuries. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj. 2010;5:4.Full text  Abstract

38. Chammas M, Goubier JN, Coulet B, et al. Glenohumeral arthrodesis in upper and total brachial plexus palsy. A comparison of functional results. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 2004;86:692-5. Abstract

39. Merrell GA, Barrie KA, Katz DL, et al. Results of nerve transfer techniques for restoration of shoulder and elbow function in the context of a meta-analysis of the English literature. J Hand Surg (Am). 2001;26:303-14. Abstract

40. Doi K, Muramatsu K, Hattori Y, et al. Restoration of prehension with the double free muscle technique following complete avulsion of the brachial plexus. Indications and long-term results. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000;82:652-66. Abstract