Blepharitis

Amescua G, Akpek EK, Farid M, et al. Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;126(1):P56-P93.Full text  Abstract

McCulley JP, Dougherty JM, Deneau DG. Classification of chronic blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1982 Oct;89(10):1173-80. Abstract

Mathers WD, Shields WJ, Sachdev MS, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jul;10(4):277-85. Abstract

Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK. Interventions for chronic blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD005556.Full text  Abstract

1. Amescua G, Akpek EK, Farid M, et al. Blepharitis Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2019 Jan;126(1):P56-P93.Full text  Abstract

2. Smith RE, Flowers CW Jr. Chronic blepharitis: a review. CLAO J. 1995 Jul;21(3):200-7. Abstract

3. McCulley JP, Dougherty JM, Deneau DG. Classification of chronic blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1982 Oct;89(10):1173-80. Abstract

4. McCulley JP, Sciallis GF. Meibomian keratoconjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1977 Dec;84(6):788-93. Abstract

5. Stone DU, Chodosh J. Ocular rosacea: an update on pathogenesis and therapy. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;15(6):499-502. Abstract

6. Driver PJ, Lemp MA. Meibomian gland dysfunction. Surv Ophthalmol. 1996 Mar-Apr;40(5):343-67. Abstract

7. Lemp MA, Nichols KK. Blepharitis in the United States 2009: a survey-based perspective on prevalence and treatment. Ocul Surf. 2009 Apr;7(2 suppl):S1-S14.Full text  Abstract

8. Rim TH, Kang MJ, Choi M, et al. Ten-year incidence and prevalence of clinically diagnosed blepharitis in South Korea: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2017 Jul;45(5):448-454.Full text  Abstract

9. IMS America. National disease and therapeutic index. Ambler, PA: IMS America, Ltd., 1984.

10. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Comparative bacteriology of chronic blepharitis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1984 Aug;68(8):524-8.Full text  Abstract

11. Groden LR, Murphy B, Rodnite J, et al. Lid flora in blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jan;10(1):50-3. Abstract

12. Thygeson P. Etiology and treatment of blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1946 Oct;36(4):445-77.

13. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Bacterial lipases and chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Apr;27(4):486-91.Full text  Abstract

14. McCulley JP, Dougherty M. Bacterial aspects of chronic blepharitis. Trans Ophthalmol Soc U.K. 1986;105 (Pt 3):314-8. Abstract

15. Shine WE, Silvany R, McCulley JP. Relation of cholesterol-stimulated Staphylococcus aureus growth to chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1993 Jun;34(7):2291-6.Full text  Abstract

16. Allen JH. Staphylococcic conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1937;20:1025-31.

17. Thygeson P. Bacterial factors in chronic catarrhal conjunctivitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1937;18:373-87.

18. Seal D, Ficker L, Ramakrishnan M, et al. Role of staphylococcal toxin production in blepharitis. Ophthalmology. 1990 Dec;97(12):1684-8. Abstract

19. Mondino BJ, Caster AI, Dethlefs B. A rabbit model of staphylococcal blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1987 Mar;105(3):409-12. Abstract

20. Ficker L, Ramakrishnan M, Seal D, et al. Role of cell-mediated immunity to staphylococci in blepharitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 1991 Apr 15;111(4):473-9. Abstract

21. Mathers WD, Shields WJ, Sachdev MS, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction in chronic blepharitis. Cornea. 1991 Jul;10(4):277-85. Abstract

22. Jester JV, Nicolaides N, Smith RE. Meibomian gland dysfunction. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1989 May;30(5):927-35.Full text  Abstract

23. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Analysis of the free fatty acid component of meibomian secretions in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1986 Jan;27(1):52-6.Full text  Abstract

24. Shine WE, McCulley JP. The role of cholesterol in chronic blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Jul;32(8):2272-80.Full text  Abstract

25. Shine WE, McCulley JP. Meibomianitis: polar lipid abnormalities. Cornea. 2004 Nov;23(8):781-3. Abstract

26. Akpek EK, Polcharoen W, Chan R, et al. Ocular surface neoplasia masquerading as chronic blepharoconjunctivitis. Cornea. 1999 May;18(3):282-8. Abstract

27. Brownstein B, Codere F, Jackson WB. Masquerade syndrome. Ophthalmology. 1980 Mar;87(3):259-62.

28. Gao YY, Di Pascuale M, Li W, et al. High prevalence of Demodex in eyelashes with cylindrical dandruff. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Sep;46(9):3089-94.Full text  Abstract

29. The College of Optometrists. Lid hygiene in the management of blepharitis. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

30. Key JE. A comparative study of eyelid cleaning regimens in chronic blepharitis. CLAO J. 1996 Jul;22(3):209-12. Abstract

31. Macsai MS. The role of omega-3 dietary supplementation in blepharitis and meibomian gland dysfunction (an AOS thesis). Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 2008;106:336-56.Full text  Abstract

32. Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study Research Group., Asbell PA, Maguire MG, et al. n-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 3;378(18):1681-1690.Full text  Abstract

33. Bowman RW, Dougherty JM, McCulley JP. Chronic blepharitis and dry eyes. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1987 Spring;27(1):27-35. Abstract

34. Perry HD, Doshi-Carnevale S, Donnenfeld ED, et al. Efficacy of commercially available topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in the treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction. Cornea. 2006 Feb;25(2):171-5. Abstract

35. Lindsley K, Matsumura S, Hatef E, Akpek EK. Interventions for chronic blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD005556.Full text  Abstract

36. O'Gallagher M, Bunce C, Hingorani M et al. Topical treatment for blepharokeratoconjunctivitis (BKC) in children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 7;2:CD011965.Full text

37. Smolin G, Okumoto M. Staphylococcal blepharitis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1977 May;95(5):812-6. Abstract

38. Opitz DL, Tyler KF. Efficacy of azithromycin 1% ophthalmic solution for treatment of ocular surface disease from posterior blepharitis. Clin Exp Optom. 2011 Mar;94(2):200-6. Abstract

39. Luchs J. Efficacy of topical azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% in the treatment of posterior blepharitis. Adv Ther. 2008 Sep;25(9):858-70. Abstract

40. Haque RM, Torkildsen GL, Brubaker K, et al. Multicenter open-label study evaluating the efficacy of azithromycin ophthalmic solution 1% on the signs and symptoms of subjects with blepharitis. Cornea. 2010 Aug;29(8):871-7. Abstract

41. Miller IM, Vogel R, Cook TJ, et al. Topically administered norfloxacin compared with topically administered gentamicin for the treatment of external ocular bacterial infections. Am J Ophthalmol. 1992 Jun 15;113(6):638-44. Abstract

42. Lamberts DW, Buka T, Knowlton GM. Clinical evaluation of trimethoprim-containing ophthalmic solutions in humans. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Jul 15;98(1):11-6. Abstract

43. Bloom PA, Leeming JP, Power W, et al. Topical ciprofloxacin in the treatment of blepharitis and blepharoconjunctivitis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 1994 Jan-Mar;4(1):6-12. Abstract

44. Dursun K, Kim MC, Solomon A, et al. Treatment of recalcitrant recurrent corneal erosions with inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase-9, doxycycline, and corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;132(1):8-13. Abstract

45. Gao YY, Di Pascuale MA, Elizondo A, et al. Clinical treatment of ocular demodecosis by lid scrub with tea tree oil. Cornea. 2007 Feb;26(2):136-43. Abstract

46. Savla K, Le JT, Pucker AD. Tea tree oil for Demodex blepharitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 20;6:CD013333.Full text  Abstract

47. Dougherty JM, McCulley JP, Silvany RE, et al. The role of tetracycline in chronic blepharitis. Inhibition of lipase production in staphylococci. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1991 Oct;32(11):2970-5.Full text  Abstract

48. Cullen SI, Crounse RG. Cutaneous pharmacology of the tetracyclines. J Invest Derm. 1965 Oct;45(4):263-8. Abstract

49. Zengin N, Tol H, Gunduz K, et al. Meibomian gland dysfunction and tear film abnormalities in rosacea. Cornea. 1995 Mar;14(2):144-6. Abstract

50. Ta CN, Shine WE, McCulley JP, et al. Effects of minocycline on the ocular flora of patients with acne rosacea or seborrheic blepharitis. Cornea. 2003 Aug;22(6):545-8. Abstract

51. Shine WE, McCulley JP, Pandya AG. Minocycline effect on meibomian gland lipids in meibomianitis patients. Exp Eye Res. 2003;76;417-420. Abstract

52. Gruber GC, Callen JP. Systemic complications of commonly used dermatologic drugs. Cutis. 1978 Jun;21(6):825-9. Abstract