Evaluation of hyponatremia

Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Feb 25;170(3):G1-47.Full text  Abstract

Grant P, Ayuk J, Bouloux PM, et al. The diagnosis and management of inpatient hyponatraemia and SIADH. Eur J Clin Invest. 2015 Aug;45(8):888-94.Full text  Abstract

Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10 suppl 1):S1-42.Full text  Abstract

1. Adrogué HJ, Tucker BM, Madias NE. Diagnosis and management of hyponatremia: a review. JAMA. 2022 Jul 19;328(3):280-91. Abstract

2. Spasovski G, Vanholder R, Allolio B, et al; Hyponatraemia Guideline Development Group. Clinical practice guideline on diagnosis and treatment of hyponatraemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Feb 25;170(3):G1-47.Full text  Abstract

3. Lien YH, Shapiro JI. Hyponatremia: clinical diagnosis and management. Am J Med. 2007 Aug;120(8):653-8. Abstract

4. Sajadieh A, Binici Z, Mouridsen MR, et al. Mild hyponatremia carries a poor prognosis in community subjects. Am J Med. 2009 Jul;122(7):679-86. Abstract

5. Wakil A, Ng JM, Atkin SL. Investigating hyponatraemia. BMJ. 2011 Mar 7;342:d1118. Abstract

6. Montanana PA, Modesto i Alapont V, Ocon AP, et al. The use of isotonic fluid as maintenance therapy prevents iatrogenic hyponatremia in pediatrics: a randomized, controlled open study. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2008 Nov;9(6):589-97. Abstract

7. Grant P, Ayuk J, Bouloux PM, et al. The diagnosis and management of inpatient hyponatraemia and SIADH. Eur J Clin Invest. 2015 Aug;45(8):888-94.Full text  Abstract

8. Lippi G, Aloe R. Hyponatremia and pseudohyponatremia: first, do no harm [letter]. Am J Med. 2010 Sep;123(9):e17.Full text  Abstract

9. Lindner G, Schwarz C, Haidinger M, et al. Hyponatremia in the emergency department. Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Oct;60:1-8.Full text  Abstract

10. Wang P, Li T. Osmotic demyelination syndrome: clinical and neuroimaging characteristics in a series of 8 cases. Quant Imaging Med Surg. 2023 Jul 1;13(7):4785-91.Full text  Abstract

11. Sterns RH, Silver SM. Cerebral salt wasting versus SIADH: what difference? J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008 Feb;19(2):194-6.Full text  Abstract

12. Loh JA, Verbalis JG. Disorders of water and salt metabolism associated with pituitary disease. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2008 Mar;37(1):213-34, x. Abstract

13. Lu DC, Binder DK, Chien B, et al. Cerebral salt wasting and elevated brain natriuretic peptide levels after traumatic brain injury: 2 case reports. Surg Neurol. 2008 Mar;69(3):226-9. Abstract

14. Filippone EJ, Ruzieh M, Foy A. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia: clinical manifestations and pathophysiology. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020 Feb;75(2):256-64.Full text  Abstract

15. Verbalis JG, Goldsmith SR, Greenberg A, et al. Diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of hyponatremia: expert panel recommendations. Am J Med. 2013 Oct;126(10 suppl 1):S1-42.Full text  Abstract

16. Alukal JJ, John S, Thuluvath PJ. Hyponatremia in cirrhosis: an update. Am J Gastroenterol. 2020 Nov;115(11):1775-85. Abstract

17. Nagler EV, Vanmassenhove J, van der Veer SN, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of hyponatremia: a systematic review of clinical practice guidelines and consensus statements. BMC Med. 2014 Dec 11;12:1.Full text  Abstract

18. Sterns RH. Disorders of plasma sodium - causes, consequences, and correction. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jan 1;372(1):55-65. Abstract

19. Kinugawa K, Sato N, Inomata T, et al. Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in heart failure patients with volume overload. Circ J. 2014;78(4):844-52.Full text  Abstract

20. Rushworth RL, Torpy DJ, Falhammar H. Adrenal crisis. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 29;381(9):852-61. Abstract

21. Kilpatrick ES. Disorders of sodium balance: hypothyroidism and hyponatraemia: an old wives' tale? BMJ. 2006 Apr 8;332(7545):854.

22. Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Liontos A, et al. Management of endocrine disease: hypothyroidism-associated hyponatremia: mechanisms, implications and treatment. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jan;176(1):R15-R20. Abstract

23. Cuesta M, Ortolá A, Garrahy A, et al. Predictors of failure to respond to fluid restriction in SIAD in clinical practice; time to re-evaluate clinical guidelines? QJM. 2017 Aug 1;110(8):489-492.Full text  Abstract

24. Cuesta M, Garrahy A, Slattery D, et al. The contribution of undiagnosed adrenal insufficiency to euvolaemic hyponatraemia: results of a large prospective single-centre study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2016 Dec;85(6):836-44. Abstract

25. Shapiro DS, Sonnenblick M, Galperin I, et al. Severe hyponatraemia in elderly hospitalized patients: prevalence, aetiology and outcome. Intern Med J. 2010 Aug;40(8):574-80. Abstract

26. Patel GP, Balk RA. Recognition and treatment of hyponatremia in acutely ill hospitalized patients. Clin Ther. 2007 Feb;29(2):211-29. Abstract

27. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022 Apr 1;101161CIR0000000000001063.Full text  Abstract

28. Braun MM, Barstow CH, Pyzocha NJ. Diagnosis and management of sodium disorders: hyponatremia and hypernatremia. Am Fam Physician. 2015 Mar 1;91(5):299-307.Full text  Abstract

29. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

30. Webster J, Osborne S, Rickard CM, et al. Clinically-indicated replacement versus routine replacement of peripheral venous catheters. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 23;(1):CD007798.Full text  Abstract

31. Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;14:27.Full text  Abstract

32. American Society for Clinical Pathology. Choosing wisely: testing for amylase. Sep 2016 [internet publication].Full text

33. Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;4:CD012010.Full text  Abstract

34. Thomas ME, Blaine C, Dawnay A, et al. The definition of acute kidney injury and its use in practice. Kidney Int. 2015 Jan;87(1):62-73.Full text  Abstract

35. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence​. Acute kidney injury: prevention, detection and management. Oct 2024 [internet publication].Full text