Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (episodic mouth ulcers)

References

Key articles

Scully C. Clinical practice. Aphthous ulceration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):165-72. Abstract

Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Feb;134(2):200-7. Abstract

Brocklehurst P, Tickle M, Glenny AM, et al. Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD005411.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Scully C. Clinical practice. Aphthous ulceration. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jul 13;355(2):165-72. Abstract

2. Scully C, Shotts R. ABC of oral health: mouth ulcers and other causes of orofacial soreness and pain. BMJ. 2000 Jul 15;321(7254):162-5.Full text  Abstract

3. Scully C, Gorsky M, Lozada-Nur F. The diagnosis and management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a consensus approach. J Am Dent Assoc. 2003 Feb;134(2):200-7. Abstract

4. Baccaglini L, Lalla RV, Bruce AJ, et al. Urban legends: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis. 2011 Nov;17(8):755-70.Full text  Abstract

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6. Jurge S, Kuffer R, Scully C, et al. Mucosal disease series. Number VI. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Dis. 2006 Jan;12(1):1-21. Abstract

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10. Sircus W, Church R, Kelleher J. Recurrent aphthous ulceration of the mouth: a study of the natural history, aetiology, and treatment. Q J Med. 1957 Apr;26(102):235-49. Abstract

11. Gavic L, Cigic L, Biocina Lukenda D, et al. The role of anxiety, depression, and psychological stress on the clinical status of recurrent aphthous stomatitis and oral lichen planus. J Oral Pathol Med. 2014 Jul;43(6):410-7. Abstract

12. Shohat-Zabarski R, Kalderon S, Klein T, et al. Close association of HLA-B51 in persons with recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1992 Oct;74(4):455-8. Abstract

13. Albanidou-Farmaki E, Deligiannidis A, Markopoulos AK, et al. HLA haplotypes in recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a mode of inheritance? Int J Immunogenet. 2008 Dec;35(6):427-32. Abstract

14. Wu D, Xin J, Liu J, et al. The association between interleukin polymorphism and recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a meta-analysis. Arch Oral Biol. 2018 Sep;93:3-11. Abstract

15. Tüzün B, Wolf R, Tuzun Y, et al. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis and smoking. Int J Dermatol. 2000 May;39(5):358-60. Abstract

16. Atkin PA, Xu X, Thornhill MH. Minor recurrent aphthous stomatitis and smoking: an epidemiological study measuring plasma cotinine. Oral Dis. 2002 May;8(3):173-6. Abstract

17. Wray D, Ferguson MM, Mason DK, et al. Recurrent aphthae: treatment with vitamin B12, folic acid, and iron. Br Med J. 1975 May 31;2(5969):490-3.Full text  Abstract

18. Olson JA, Feinberg I, Silverman S Jr, et al. Serum vitamin B12, folate, and iron levels in recurrent aphthous ulceration. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1982 Nov;54(5):517-20. Abstract

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20. McCullough MJ, Abdel-Hafeth S, Scully C. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis revisited; clinical features, associations, and new association with infant feeding practices? J Oral Pathol Med. 2007 Nov;36(10):615-20. Abstract

21. Healy CM, Paterson M, Joyston-Bechal S, et al. The effect of a sodium lauryl sulfate-free dentifrice on patients with recurrent oral ulceration. Oral Dis. 1999 Jan;5(1):39-43. Abstract

22. Shim YJ, Choi JH, Ahn HJ, et al. Effect of sodium lauryl sulfate on recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Oral Dis. 2012 Oct;18(7):655-60. Abstract

23. Scully C, Porter S. Oral mucosal disease: recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008 Apr;46(3):198-206. Abstract

24. Taylor LJ, Bagg J, Walker DM, et al. Increased production of tumour necrosis factor by peripheral blood leukocytes in patients with recurrent oral aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol Med. 1992 Jan;21(1):21-5. Abstract

25. Natah SS, Hayrinen-Immonen R, Hietanen J, et al. Increased density of lymphocytes bearing gamma/delta T-cell receptors in recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU). Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2000 Oct;29(5):375-80. Abstract

26. Gallo A, Tandon M, Alevizos I, et al. The majority of microRNAs detectable in serum and saliva is concentrated in exosomes. PLoS One. 2012;7(3):e30679.Full text  Abstract

27. Hietanen J, Häyrinen-Immonen R, Al-Samadi A, et al. Recurrent aphthous ulcers - a Toll-like receptor-mediated disease? J Oral Pathol Med. 2012 Feb;41(2):158-64. Abstract

28. Gallo Cde B, Mimura MA, Sugaya NN. Psychological stress and recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2009;64(7):645-8.Full text  Abstract

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31. Yazici H, Fresko I, Yurdakul S. Behçet's syndrome: disease manifestations, management, and advances in treatment. Nat Clin Pract Rheumatol. 2007 Mar;3(3):148-55. Abstract

32. Orme RL, Nordlund JJ, Barich L, et al. The MAGIC syndrome (mouth and genital ulcers with inflamed cartilage). Arch Dermatol. 1990 Jul;126(7):940-4. Abstract

33. Femiano F, Lanza A, Buonaiuto C, et al. Oral aphthous-like lesions, PFAPA syndrome: a review. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Jul;37(6):319-23. Abstract

34. Scully C, Hodgson T. Recurrent oral ulceration: aphthous-like ulcers in periodic syndromes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2008 Dec;106(6):845-52. Abstract

35. Rehberger A, Puspok A, Stallmeister T, et al. Crohn's disease masquerading as aphthous ulcers. Eur J Dermatol. 1998 Jun;8(4):274-6. Abstract

36. Shotts RH, Scully C, Avery CM, et al. Nicorandil-induced severe oral ulceration:a newly recognized drug reaction. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999 Jun;87(6):706-7. Abstract

37. Lopez-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F, Martos N. Hematological study of patients with aphthous stomatitis. Int J Dermatol. 2014 Feb;53(2):159-63. Abstract

38. Campisi G, Di Liberto C, Carroccio A, et al. Coeliac disease: oral ulcer prevalence, assessment of risk and association with gluten-free diet in children. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 Feb;40(2):104-7. Abstract

39. Keino H, Okada AA. Behçet's disease: global epidemiology of an Old Silk Road disease. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Dec;91(12):1573-4.Full text  Abstract

40. Zakrzewska JM, Robinson P, Williams IG. Severe oral ulceration in patients with HIV infection: a case series. Oral Dis. 1997 May;3(suppl 1):S194-6. Abstract

41. Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Sweet's syndrome: recurrent oral ulceration, pyrexia, thrombophlebitis, and cutaneous lesions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003 Mar;95(3):324-7. Abstract

42. Femiano F, Gombos F, Nunziata M, et al. Pemphigus mimicking aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005 Sep;34(8):508-10. Abstract

43. Eisen D. The clinical characteristics of intraoral herpes simplex virus infection in 52 immunocompetent patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1998 Oct;86(4):432-7. Abstract

44. Tarakji B, Gazal G, Al-Maweri SA, et al. Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis for dental practitioners. J Int Oral Health. 2015 May;7(5):74-80.Full text  Abstract

45. Letsinger JA, McCarty MA, Jorizzo JL. Complex aphthosis: a large case series with evaluation algorithm and therapeutic ladder from topicals to thalidomide. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Mar;52(3 Pt 1):500-8. Abstract

46. Volkov I, Rudoy I, Freud T, et al. Effectiveness of vitamin B12 in treating recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Board Fam Med. 2009 Jan-Feb;22(1):9-16.Full text  Abstract

47. Gulcan E, Toker S, Hatipoğlu H, et al. Cyanocobalamin may be beneficial in the treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers even when vitamin B12 levels are normal. Am J Med Sci. 2008 Nov;336(5):379-82. Abstract

48. Liu HL, Chiu S, Chen KH. Effectiveness of vitamin B12 on recurrent aphthous stomatitis in long term care: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2013 Feb;11(2):281-307.Full text

49. Sumathi K, Shanthi B, Subha Palaneeswari M, et al. Significance of ferritin in recurrent oral ulceration. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Mar;8(3):14-5.Full text  Abstract

50. Liu C, Zhou Z, Liu G, et al. Efficacy and safety of dexamethasone ointment on recurrent aphthous ulceration. Am J Med. 2012 Mar;125(3):292-301. Abstract

51. Addy M, Tapper-Jones L, Seal M. Trial of astringent and antibacterial mouthwashes in the management of recurrent aphthous ulceration. Br Dent J. 1974 Jun 4;136(11):452-5. Abstract

52. Addy M, Carpenter R, Roberts WR. Management of recurrent aphthous ulceration: a trial of chlorhexidine gluconate gel. Br Dent J. 1976 Aug 17;141(4):118-20. Abstract

53. Addy M. Hibitane in the treatment of aphthous ulceration. J Clin Periodontol. 1977 Dec;4(5):108-16. Abstract

54. Hunter L, Addy M. Chlorhexidine gluconate mouthwash in the management of minor aphthous ulceration: a double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over trial. Br Dent J. 1987 Feb 7;162(3):106-10. Abstract

55. Graykowski EA, Kingman A. Double-blind trial of tetracycline in recurrent aphthous ulceration. J Oral Pathol. 1978;7(6):376-82. Abstract

56. Häyrinen-Immonen R, Sorsa T, Pettila J, et al. Effect of tetracyclines on collagenase activity in patients with recurrent aphthous ulcers. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994 Jul;23(6):269-72. Abstract

57. Vennila V, Madhu V, Rajesh R, et al. Tetracycline-induced discoloration of deciduous teeth: case series. J Int Oral Health. 2014 Jun;6(3):115-9.Full text  Abstract

58. Brocklehurst P, Tickle M, Glenny AM, et al. Systemic interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis (mouth ulcers). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Sep 12;(9):CD005411.Full text  Abstract

59. Hello M, Barbarot S, Bastuji-Garin S, et al. Use of thalidomide for severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a multicenter cohort analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2010 May;89(3):176-82.Full text  Abstract

60. Toader MP, Esanu IM, Taranu T, et al. Colchicine in the treatment of refractory aphthous ulcerations: review of the literature and two case reports. Exp Ther Med. 2021 Mar;21(3):281.Full text  Abstract

61. Taylor J, Glenny AM, Walsh T, et al. Interventions for managing oral ulcers in Behçet's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Sep 25;(9):CD011018.Full text  Abstract

62. Revuz J, Guillaume JC, Janier M, et al. Crossover study of thalidomide vs placebo in severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Arch Dermatol. 1990 Jul;126(7):923-7. Abstract

63. Nicolau DP, West TE. Thalidomide: treatment of severe recurrent aphthous stomatitis in patients with AIDS. DICP. 1990 Nov;24(11):1054-6. Abstract

64. Crighton AJ. Oral medicine in children. Br Dent J. 2017 Dec;223(9):706-12. Abstract

65. Matthews RW, Scully CM, Levers BG, et al. Clinical evaluation of benzydamine, chlorhexidine, and placebo mouthwashes in the management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987 Feb;63(2):189-91. Abstract

66. O'Neill ID, Scully C. Biologics in oral medicine: principles of use and practical considerations. Oral Dis. 2012 Sep;18(6):525-36.Full text  Abstract

67. O'Neill ID, Scully C. Biologics in oral medicine: ulcerative disorders. Oral Dis. 2013 Jan;19(1):37-45. Abstract

68. Robinson ND, Guitart J. Recalcitrant, recurrent aphthous stomatitis treated with etanercept. Arch Dermatol. 2003 Oct;139(10):1259-62.Full text  Abstract

69. Vujevich J, Zirwas M. Treatment of severe, recalcitrant, major aphthous stomatitis with adalimumab. Cutis. 2005 Aug;76(2):129-32. Abstract

70. O'Neill ID. Off-label use of biologicals in the management of inflammatory oral mucosal disease. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008 Nov;37(10):575-81. Abstract

71. Leao JC, Duarte A, Gueiros LA, et al. Severe oral epithelial dysplasia in a patient receiving adalimumab therapy. J Oral Pathol Med. 2005 Aug;34(7):447-8. Abstract

72. Kuehn BM. Rare neurological condition linked to newer monoclonal antibody biologics. JAMA. 2009 Apr 8;301(14):1423-4. Abstract

73. Lalla RV, Choquette LE, Feinn RS, et al. Multivitamin therapy for recurrent aphthous stomatitis: a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Dent Assoc. 2012 Apr;143(4):370-6.Full text  Abstract

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