Keratitis

The College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines: keratitis, contact lens-associated infiltrative; herpes simplex keratitis; keratitis (marginal); microbial keratitis (Acanthamoeba sp.); microbial keratitis (bacterial, fungal); photokeratitis [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: a treatment guideline. Jun 2014 [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Bacterial keratitis​ preferred practice patterns. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Herretes S, Wang X, Reyes JM. Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 16;(10):CD005430.Full text  Abstract

Wilhelmus KR. Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 9;(1):CD002898.Full text  Abstract

1. Rhee DJ, Pyfer MF. The Wills eye manual. Baltimore: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins, 1999.

2. Sharma S. Keratitis. Biosci Rep. 2001 Aug;21(4):419-44. Abstract

3. Ting DSJ, Ho CS, Deshmukh R, et al. Infectious keratitis: an update on epidemiology, causative microorganisms, risk factors, and antimicrobial resistance. Eye (Lond). 2021 Apr;35(4):1084-101.Full text  Abstract

4. The College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines: keratitis, contact lens-associated infiltrative; herpes simplex keratitis; keratitis (marginal); microbial keratitis (Acanthamoeba sp.); microbial keratitis (bacterial, fungal); photokeratitis [internet publication].Full text

5. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Herpes simplex virus keratitis: a treatment guideline. Jun 2014 [internet publication].Full text

6. Kinota S, Wong KW, Biswas J, et al. Changing patterns of infectious keratitis: overview of clinical and histopathologic features of keratitis due to Acanthamoeba or atypical Mycobacteria, and of infectious crystalline keratopathy. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1993 Apr;41(1):3-14. Abstract

7. Toshida H, Kogure N, Inoue N, et al. Trends in microbial keratitis in Japan. Eye Contact Lens. 2007 Mar;33(2):70-3. Abstract

8. Brown L, Leck AK, Gichangi M, et al. The global incidence and diagnosis of fungal keratitis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2021 Mar;21(3):e49-57. Abstract

9. Gomes BF, Santhiago MR. Biology of peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Exp Eye Res. 2021 Mar;204:108458. Abstract

10. Kaiser PK, Friedman NJ. The Massachusetts eye and ear infirmary illustrated manual of ophthalmology. New York: Elsevier Science, 2004.

11. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Fungal keratitis - Asia Pacific. Oct 2016 [internet publication].Full text

12. Cabrera-Aguas M, Khoo P, Watson SL. Infectious keratitis: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2022 Jul;50(5):543-62.Full text  Abstract

13. Agrawal V, Biswas J, Madhavan HN, et al. Current perspectives in infectious keratitis. Indian J Ophthalmol. 1994 Dec;42(4):171-92.Full text  Abstract

14. Hassanpour K, H ElSheikh R, Arabi A, et al. Peripheral ulcerative keratitis: a review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2022 Apr-Jun;17(2):252-75.Full text  Abstract

15. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Bacterial keratitis​ preferred practice patterns. Nov 2018 [internet publication].Full text

16. Shahid SM, Ahmed SN, Khan Y. Eye problems in contact lens wearers. BMJ. 2019 Nov 27;367:l6337. Abstract

17. Zhang Y, Xu X, Wei Z, et al. The global epidemiology and clinical diagnosis of Acanthamoeba keratitis. J Infect Public Health. 2023 Jun;16(6):841-52.Full text  Abstract

18. Manikandan P, Abdel-Hadi A, Randhir Babu Singh Y, et al. Fungal keratitis: epidemiology, rapid detection, and antifungal susceptibilities of fusarium and aspergillus isolates from corneal scrapings. Biomed Res Int. 2019;2019:6395840.Full text  Abstract

19. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Cornea/external disease summary benchmarks​ - 2022. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

20. Tauber J, Sainz de la Maza M, Hoang-Xuan T, et al. An analysis of therapeutic decision making regarding immunosuppressive chemotherapy for peripheral ulcerative keratitis. Cornea. 1990 Jan;9(1):66-73. Abstract

21. Austin A, Lietman T, Rose-Nussbaumer J. Update on the management of infectious keratitis. Ophthalmology. 2017 Nov;124(11):1678-89.Full text  Abstract

22. Herretes S, Wang X, Reyes JM. Topical corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy for bacterial keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 16;(10):CD005430.Full text  Abstract

23. Srinivasan M, Mascarenhas J, Rajaraman R, et al; Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial Group. Corticosteroids for bacterial keratitis: the Steroids for Corneal Ulcers Trial (SCUT). Arch Ophthalmol. 2012 Feb;130(2):143-50.Full text  Abstract

24. Lalitha P, Srinivasan M, Rajaraman R, et al. Nocardia keratitis: clinical course and effect of corticosteroids. Am J Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;154(6):934-9. Abstract

25. Garg P, Vazirani J. Can we apply the results of the Steroid Corneal Ulcer Trial to Nocardia infections of the cornea? Expert Rev Ophthalmol. 2013;8:41-4.

26. The Ofloxacin Study Group. Ofloxacin monotherapy for the primary treatment of microbial keratitis: a double-masked, randomized, controlled trial with conventional dual therapy. Ophthalmology. 1997 Nov;104(11):1902-9. Abstract

27. Panda A, Ahuja R, Sastry SS. Comparison of topical 0.3% ofloxacin with fortified tobramycin plus cefazolin in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Eye (Lond). 1999 Dec;13 ( Pt 6):744-7.Full text  Abstract

28. Hanet MS, Jamart J, Chaves AP. Fluoroquinolones or fortified antibiotics for treating bacterial keratitis: systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies. Can J Ophthalmol. 2012 Dec;47(6):493-9. Abstract

29. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted infections treatment guidelines, 2021: gonococcal infections among adolescents and adults. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

30. Wilhelmus KR. Antiviral treatment and other therapeutic interventions for herpes simplex virus epithelial keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jan 9;(1):CD002898.Full text  Abstract

31. Kaufman HE, Haw WH. Ganciclovir ophthalmic gel 0.15%: safety and efficacy of a new treatment for herpes simplex keratitis. Curr Eye Res. 2012 Jul;37(7):654-60. Abstract

32. Guess S, Stone DU, Chodosh J, et al. Evidence-based treatment of herpes simplex virus keratitis: a systematic review. Ocul Surf. 2007 Jul;5(3):240-50. Abstract

33. FlorCruz NV, Evans JR. Medical interventions for fungal keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 9;(4):CD004241.Full text  Abstract

34. Raj N, Vanathi M, Ahmed NH, et al. Recent perspectives in the management of fungal keratitis. J Fungi (Basel). 2021 Oct 26;7(11):907.Full text  Abstract

35. Hariprasad SM, Mieler WF, Lin TK, et al. Voriconazole in the treatment of fungal eye infections: a review of current literature. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;92(7):871-8. Abstract

36. Alkharashi M, Lindsley K, Law HA, et al. Medical interventions for acanthamoeba keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Feb 24;(2):CD010792.Full text  Abstract

37. Tu EY, Joslin CE, Shoff ME. Successful treatment of chronic stromal acanthamoeba keratitis with oral voriconazole monotherapy. Cornea. 2010 Sep;29(9):1066-8.Full text  Abstract

38. Cardine S, Bourcier T, Chaumeil C, et al. [Clinical management and prognosis in Acanthamoeba keratitis: a retrospective study of 25 cases]. [in fre]. J Fr Ophtalmol. 2002 Dec;25(10):1007-13. Abstract

39. Bang S, Edell E, Eghrari AO, et al. Treatment with voriconazole in 3 eyes with resistant Acanthamoeba keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010 Jan;149(1):66-9. Abstract

40. Dana R, Farid M, Gupta PK, et al. Expert consensus on the identification, diagnosis, and treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy. BMC Ophthalmol. 2021 Sep 8;21(1):327.Full text  Abstract

41. Papaioannou L, Miligkos M, Papathanassiou M. Corneal collagen cross-linking for infectious keratitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cornea. 2016 Jan;35(1):62-71. Abstract

42. Davis SA, Bovelle R, Han G, et al. Corneal collagen cross-linking for bacterial infectious keratitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jun 17;6(6):CD013001.Full text  Abstract

43. Avdagic E, Chew HF, Veldman P, et al. Resolution of Acanthamoeba keratitis with adjunctive use of oral miltefosine. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 Feb 17;29(2):278-81. Abstract

44. Thulasi P, Saeed HN, Rapuano CJ, et al. Oral miltefosine as salvage therapy for refractory Acanthamoeba keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2021 Mar;223:75-82. Abstract

45. Naranjo A, Martinez JD, Miller D, et al. Systemic miltefosine as an adjunct treatment of progressive Acanthamoeba keratitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2021 Nov 17;29(7-8):1576-84. Abstract

46. Keay L, Edwards K, Naduvilath T, et al. Microbial keratitis predisposing factors and morbidity. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jan;113(1):109-16. Abstract

47. Ti SE, Scott JA, Janardhanan P, et al. Therapeutic keratoplasty for advanced suppurative keratitis. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 May;143(5):755-62. Abstract

48. Iyer SA, Tuli SS, Wagoner RC. Fungal keratitis: emerging trends and treatment outcomes. Eye Contact Lens. 2006 Dec;32(6):267-71. Abstract

49. Labetoulle M, Auquier P, Conrad H, et al. Incidence of herpes simplex virus keratitis in France. Ophthalmology. 2005 May;112(5):888-95. Abstract

50. Branco BC, Gaudio PA, Margolis TP. Epidemiology and molecular analysis of herpes simplex keratitis requiring primary penetrating keratoplasty. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Oct;88(10):1285-8. Abstract

51. Thebpatiphat N, Hammersmith KM, Rocha FN, et al. Acanthamoeba keratitis: a parasite on the rise. Cornea. 2007 Jul;26(6):701-6. Abstract

52. Bhatt UK, Abdul Karim MN, Prydal JI, et al. Oral antivirals for preventing recurrent herpes simplex keratitis in people with corneal grafts. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD007824.Full text  Abstract