Diabetic cardiovascular disease

References

Key articles

American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.Full text

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text  Abstract

Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.Full text  Abstract

Writing Committee Members; Lawton JS, Tamis-Holland JE, Bangalore S, et al. 2021 ACC/AHA/SCAI guideline for coronary artery revascularization: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Jan 18;79(2):e21-129.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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22. Arauz-Pacheco C, Parrott MA, Raskin P. The treatment of hypertension in adult patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002 Jan;25(1):134-47.Full text  Abstract

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26. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ. 1998 Sep 12;317(7160):703-13.Full text  Abstract

27. American Diabetes Association. Standards of care in diabetes - 2023. Diabetes Care. 2023 Jan 1;46(Suppl 1):S1-291.Full text

28. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text  Abstract

29. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan-2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.Full text  Abstract

30. Kane JP, Pullinger CR, Goldfine ID, et al. Dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus: role of lipoprotein species and interrelated pathways of lipid metabolism in diabetes mellitus. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2021 Dec;61:21-7.Full text  Abstract

31. Haffner SM. Management of dyslipidemia in adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1998 Jan;21(1):160-78. Abstract

32. Bancks MP, Ning H, Allen NB, et al. Long-term absolute risk for cardiovascular disease stratified by fasting glucose level. Diabetes Care. 2019 Jan 7;42(3):457-65. Abstract

33. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA diabetes trials: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and a scientific statement of the American College of Cardiology Foundation and the American Heart Association. Diabetes Care. 2009 Jan;32(1):187-92.Full text  Abstract

34. Wahid A, Manek N, Nichols M, et al. Quantifying the association between physical activity and cardiovascular disease and diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016 Sep 14;5(9):e002495.Full text  Abstract

35. Vasankari V, Husu P, Vähä-Ypyä H, et al. Association of objectively measured sedentary behaviour and physical activity with cardiovascular disease risk. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2017 Aug;24(12):1311-8.Full text  Abstract

36. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016 Nov;39(11):2065-79.Full text  Abstract

37. Cassidy S, Thoma C, Hallsworth K, et al. High intensity intermittent exercise improves cardiac structure and function and reduces liver fat in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia. 2016 Jan;59(1):56-66.Full text  Abstract

38. Bhupathiraju SN, Hu FB. Epidemiology of obesity and diabetes and their cardiovascular complications. Circ Res. 2016 May 27;118(11):1723-35.Full text  Abstract

39. Van der Schueren B, Ellis D, Faradji RN, et al. Obesity in people living with type 1 diabetes. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Nov;9(11):776-85. Abstract

40. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-646.Full text  Abstract

41. Gerstein HC, Mann JF, Yi Q, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events, death, and heart failure in diabetic and nondiabetic individuals. JAMA. 2001 Jul 25;286(4):421-6.Full text  Abstract

42. Wachtell K, Ibsen H, Olsen MH, et al. Albuminuria and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: the LIFE study. Ann Intern Med. 2003 Dec 2;139(11):901-6. Abstract

43. Fangel MV, Nielsen PB, Kristensen JK, et al. Albuminuria and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality in a general population of patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a Danish cohort study. Am J Med. 2020 Jun;133(6):e269-79. Abstract

44. Schulze MB, Rimm EB, Li T, et al. C-reactive protein and incident cardiovascular events among men with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2004 Apr;27(4):889-94.Full text  Abstract

45. Jeong H, Baek SY, Kim SW, et al. C reactive protein level as a marker for dyslipidaemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome: results from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. BMJ Open. 2019 Aug 30;9(8):e029861.Full text  Abstract

46. Hayfron-Benjamin CF, Maitland-van der Zee AH, van den Born BJ, et al. Association between C reactive protein and microvascular and macrovascular dysfunction in sub-Saharan Africans with and without diabetes: the RODAM study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2020 Jul;8(1):e001235.Full text  Abstract

47. Huxley RR, Peters SA, Mishra GD, et al. Risk of all-cause mortality and vascular events in women versus men with type 1 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2015 Mar;3(3):198-206. Abstract

48. Wang H, Ba Y, Cai RC, et al. Association between diabetes mellitus and the risk for major cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality in women compared with men: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ Open. 2019 Jul 17;9(7):e024935.Full text  Abstract

49. Xu G, You D, Wong L, et al. Risk of all-cause and CHD mortality in women versus men with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;180(4):243-55.Full text  Abstract

50. Peters SA, Huxley RR, Woodward M. Diabetes as risk factor for incident coronary heart disease in women compared with men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 64 cohorts including 858,507 individuals and 28,203 coronary events. Diabetologia. 2014 Aug;57(8):1542-51.Full text  Abstract

51. Ohkuma T, Komorita Y, Peters SAE, et al. Diabetes as a risk factor for heart failure in women and men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 47 cohorts including 12 million individuals. Diabetologia. 2019 Sep;62(9):1550-60.Full text  Abstract

52. Vogel B, Acevedo M, Appelman Y, et al. The Lancet women and cardiovascular disease commission: reducing the global burden by 2030. Lancet. 2021 Jun 19;397(10292):2385-438. Abstract

53. Yoshida Y, Chen Z, Baudier RL, et al. Early menopause and cardiovascular disease risk in women with or without type 2 diabetes: a pooled analysis of 9,374 postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care. 2021 Nov;44(11):2564-72.Full text  Abstract

54. Peters SA, Huxley RR, Sattar N, et al. Sex differences in the excess risk of cardiovascular diseases associated with type 2 diabetes: potential explanations and clinical implications. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. 2015;9(7):36.Full text  Abstract

55. Connelly PJ, Marie Freel E, Perry C, et al. Gender-affirming hormone therapy, vascular health and cardiovascular disease in transgender adults. Hypertension. 2019 Dec;74(6):1266-74.Full text  Abstract

56. Mehta LS, Velarde GP, Lewey J, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: the impact of race and ethnicity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 May 9;147(19):1471-87.Full text  Abstract

57. Kramer CK, Campbell S, Retnakaran R. Gestational diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetologia. 2019 Jun;62(6):905-14.Full text  Abstract

58. Xie W, Wang Y, Xiao S, et al. Association of gestational diabetes mellitus with overall and type specific cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2022 Sep 21;378:e070244.Full text  Abstract

59. Mechanick JI, Farkouh ME, Newman JD, et al. Cardiometabolic-based chronic disease, addressing knowledge and clinical practice gaps: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Feb 11;75(5):539-55.Full text  Abstract

60. Rosenzweig JL, Bakris GL, Berglund LF, et al. Primary prevention of ASCVD and T2DM in patients at metabolic risk: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Sep 1;104(9):3939-85.Full text  Abstract

61. Choi YJ, Han KD, Choi EK, et al. Alcohol abstinence and the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Care. 2021 Jun;44(6):1393-401.Full text  Abstract

62. Bowman L, Mafham M, Wallendszus K, et al; ASCEND Study Collaborative Group. Effects of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 26;379(16):1529-39.Full text  Abstract

63. Patel NJ, Baliga RR. Role of aspirin for primary prevention in persons with diabetes mellitus and in the elderly. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020 May 29;22(7):48. Abstract

64. US Preventive Services Task Force. Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease: preventive medication. April 2022 [internet publication].Full text

65. Zhao B, Zeng L, Zhao J, et al. Association of magnesium intake with type 2 diabetes and total stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2020 Mar 19;10(3):e032240.Full text  Abstract

66. Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Bosch J, et al; DREAM (Diabetes REduction Assessment with ramipril and rosiglitazone Medication) Trial Investigators. Effect of rosiglitazone on the frequency of diabetes in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2006 Sep 23;368(9541):1096-105. Abstract

67. Holman RR, Haffner SM, McMurray JJ, et al; NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of nateglinide on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 22;362(16):1463-76.Full text  Abstract

68. McMurray JJ, Holman RR, Haffner SM, et al; NAVIGATOR Study Group. Effect of valsartan on the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular events. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 22;362(16):1477-90.Full text  Abstract

69. Mahaffey KW, Neal B, Perkovic V, et al. Canagliflozin for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events: results from the CANVAS program (canagliflozin cardiovascular assessment study). Circulation. 2018 Jan 23;137(4):323-34.Full text  Abstract

70. Rossing P, Inzucchi SE, Vart P, et al. Dapagliflozin and new-onset type 2 diabetes in patients with chronic kidney disease or heart failure: pooled analysis of the DAPA-CKD and DAPA-HF trials. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Jan;10(1):24-34. Abstract

71. Nazarzadeh M, Bidel Z, Canoy D, et al. Blood pressure lowering and risk of new-onset type 2 diabetes: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021 Nov 13;398(10313):1803-10.Full text  Abstract

72. Yahyavi SK, Snorgaard O, Knop FK, et al. Prediabetes defined by first measured HbA1c predicts higher cardiovascular risk compared with HbA1c in the diabetes range: a cohort study of nationwide registries. Diabetes Care. 2021 Dec;44(12):2767-74. Abstract

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74. Klein L, Gheorghiade M. Management of the patient with diabetes mellitus and myocardial infarction: clinical trials update. Am J Med. 2004 Mar 8;116(suppl 5A):47-63S. Abstract

75. Stevens RJ, Coleman RL, Adler AI, et al. Risk factors for myocardial infarction case fatality and stroke case fatality in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 66. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):201-7.Full text  Abstract

76. Giraldez RR, Clare RM, Lopes RD, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes among patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2013 Jun;165(6):918-25. Abstract

77. Sacre JW, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE. Incidence of hospitalization for heart failure relative to major atherosclerotic events in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcomes trials. Diabetes Care. 2020 Oct;43(10):2614-23.Full text  Abstract

78. Wamil M, Coleman RL, Adler AI, et al. Increased risk of incident heart failure and death is associated with insulin resistance in people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 89. Diabetes Care. 2021 Aug;44(8):1877-84.Full text  Abstract

79. Goraya TY, Leibson CL, Palumbo PJ, et al. Coronary atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus: a population-based autopsy study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Sep 4;40(5):946-53. Abstract

80. Kip KE, Faxon DP, Detre KM, et al. Coronary angioplasty in diabetic patients. Circulation. 1996 Oct 15;94(8):1818-25.Full text  Abstract

81. Chen R, Ovbiagele B, Feng W. Diabetes and stroke: epidemiology, pathophysiology, pharmaceuticals and outcomes. Am J Med Sci. 2016 Apr;351(4):380-6.Full text  Abstract

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87. Dattani N, Sayers RD, Bown MJ. Diabetes mellitus and abdominal aortic aneurysms: a review of the mechanisms underlying the negative relationship. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2018 Sep;15(5):367-74.Full text  Abstract

88. Golledge J, Karan M, Moran CS, et al. Reduced expansion rate of abdominal aortic aneurysms in patients with diabetes may be related to aberrant monocyte-matrix interactions. Eur Heart J. 2008 Mar;29(5):665-72. Abstract

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92. Lee DP, Fearon WF, Froelicher VF. Clinical utility of the exercise ECG in patients with diabetes and chest pain. Chest. 2001 May;119(5):1576-81. Abstract

93. Fletcher GF, Ades PA, Kligfield P, et al. Exercise standards for testing and training: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2013 Aug 20;128(8):873-934.Full text  Abstract

94. Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-454.Full text  Abstract

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97. Bax JJ, Young LH, Frye RL, et al. Screening for coronary artery disease in patients with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2007 Oct;30(10):2729-36.Full text  Abstract

98. Muhlestein JB, Lappé DL, Lima JA, et al. Effect of screening for coronary artery disease using CT angiography on mortality and cardiac events in high-risk patients with diabetes: the FACTOR-64 randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014 Dec 3;312(21):2234-43. Abstract

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100. Pop-Busui R, Januzzi JL, Bruemmer D, et al. Heart failure: an underappreciated complication of diabetes – a consensus report of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2022 Jul 7;45(7):1670-90.Full text  Abstract

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102. Paillole C, Ruiz J, Juliard JM, et al. Detection of coronary artery disease in diabetic patients. Diabetologia. 1995 Jun;38(6):726-31. Abstract

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110. Heidenreich PA, Bozkurt B, Aguilar D, et al. 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for the management of heart failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2022 May 3;145(18):e895-1032.Full text  Abstract

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112. Rawshani A, Rawshani A, Franzén S, et al. Risk factors, mortality, and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 16;379(7):633-44.Full text  Abstract

113. Arnold SV, de Lemos JA, Rosenson RS, et al; GOULD Investigators. Use of guideline-recommended risk-reduction strategies among patients with diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2019 Aug 13;140(7):618-20.Full text  Abstract

114. Evert AB, Dennison M, Gardner CD, et al. Nutrition therapy for adults with diabetes or prediabetes: a consensus report. Diabetes Care. 2019 Apr 18;42(5):731-54.Full text  Abstract

115. Wing RR; Look AHEAD Research Group. Long-term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: four-year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010 Sep 27;170(17):1566-75.Full text  Abstract

116. Elhayany A, Lustman A, Abel R, et al. A low carbohydrate Mediterranean diet improves cardiovascular risk factors and diabetes control among overweight patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a 1-year prospective randomized intervention study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2010 Mar;12(3):204-9. Abstract

117. Wheeler ML, Dunbar SA, Jaacks LM, et al. Macronutrients, food groups, and eating patterns in the management of diabetes: a systematic review of the literature, 2010. Diabetes Care. 2012 Feb;35(2):434-45.Full text  Abstract

118. Esposito K, Maiorino MI, Ciotola M, et al. Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on the need for antihyperglycemic drug therapy in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009 Sep 1;151(5):306-14. Abstract

119. Azadbakht L, Fard NR, Karimi M, et al. Effects of the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan on cardiovascular risks among type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized crossover clinical trial. Diabetes Care. 2011 Jan;34(1):55-7.Full text  Abstract

120. Barnard ND, Cohen J, Jenkins DJ, et al. A low-fat vegan diet improves glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in a randomized clinical trial in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006 Aug;29(8):1777-83.Full text  Abstract

121. Schwab U, Reynolds AN, Sallinen T, et al. Dietary fat intakes and cardiovascular disease risk in adults with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):3355-63. Abstract

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