Acromegaly

References

Key articles

Fleseriu M, Langlois F, Lim DST, et al. Acromegaly: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Nov;10(11):804-26. Abstract

Katznelson L, Laws ER Jr, Melmed S, et al; Endocrine Society. Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):3933-51.Full text  Abstract

Giustina A, Barkhoudarian G, Beckers A, et al. Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly: a consensus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020 Dec;21(4):667-78. Abstract

Fleseriu M, Biller BMK, Freda PU, et al. A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly management guidelines. Pituitary. 2021 Feb;24(1):1-13.Full text  Abstract

Giustina A, Barkan A, Beckers A, et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly comorbidities: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):dgz096. Abstract

Reference articles

1. WHO Classification of Tumours Editorial Board. World Health Organization classification of tumours of the central nervous system. 5th ed. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2021.

2. Lopes MBS. The 2017 World Health Organization classification of tumors of the pituitary gland: a summary. Acta Neuropathol. 2017 Oct;134(4):521-35. Abstract

3. Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P, et al. The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol. 2021 Aug 2;23(8):1231-51.Full text  Abstract

4. Fleseriu M, Langlois F, Lim DST, et al. Acromegaly: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Nov;10(11):804-26. Abstract

5. Tritos NA, Miller KK. Diagnosis and management of pituitary adenomas: a review. JAMA. 2023 Apr 25;329(16):1386-98. Abstract

6. Horvath A, Stratakis CA. Clinical and molecular genetics of acromegaly: MEN-1, Carney complex, McCune-Albright syndrome, familial acromegaly and genetic defects in sporadic tumors. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2008;9:1-11. Abstract

7. Melmed S. Pituitary-tumor endocrinopathies. N Engl J Med. 2020 Mar 5;382(10):937-50. Abstract

8. Lavrentaki A, Paluzzi A, Wass JA, et al. Epidemiology of acromegaly: review of population studies. Pituitary. 2017 Feb;20(1):4-9.Full text  Abstract

9. Crisafulli S, Luxi N, Sultana J, et al. Global epidemiology of acromegaly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Jul 1;185(2):251-63. Abstract

10. Trivellin G, Daly AF, Faucz FR, et al. Gigantism and acromegaly due to Xq26 microduplications and GPR101 mutation. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:2363-2374.Full text  Abstract

11. Nachtigall L, Delgado A, Swearingen B, et al. Changing patterns in diagnosis and therapy of acromegaly over two decades. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Jun;93(6):2035-41.Full text  Abstract

12. Katznelson L, Laws ER Jr, Melmed S, et al; Endocrine Society. Acromegaly: an endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Nov;99(11):3933-51.Full text  Abstract

13. Giustina A, Barkhoudarian G, Beckers A, et al. Multidisciplinary management of acromegaly: a consensus. Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2020 Dec;21(4):667-78. Abstract

14. Muhammad A, Neggers SJ, van der Lely AJ. Pregnancy and acromegaly. Pituitary. 2017 Feb;20(1):179-84.Full text  Abstract

15. Ribeiro-Oliveira A Jr, Faje AT, Barkan AL. Limited utility of oral glucose tolerance test in biochemically active acromegaly. Eur J Endocrinol. 2011 Jan;164(1):17-22.Full text  Abstract

16. Fleseriu M, Hashim IA, Karavitaki N, et al. Hormonal replacement in hypopituitarism in adults: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016 Nov;101(11):3888-921.Full text  Abstract

17. Fleseriu M, Bodach ME, Tumialan LM, et al. Congress of Neurological Surgeons systematic review and evidence-based guideline for pretreatment endocrine evaluation of patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Neurosurgery. 2016 Oct;79(4):E527-9.Full text  Abstract

18. Freda PU, Beckers AM, Katznelson L, et al; Endocrine Society. Pituitary incidentaloma: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;96(4):894-904.Full text  Abstract

19. Hofman MS, Kong G, Neels OC, et al. High management impact of Ga-68 DOTATATE (GaTate) PET/CT for imaging neuroendocrine and other somatostatin expressing tumours. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol. 2012 Feb;56(1):40-7. Abstract

20. Scangas GA, Laws ER Jr. Pituitary incidentalomas. Pituitary. 2014 Oct;17(5):486-91. Abstract

21. D'Arcy R, Courtney CH, Graham U, et al. Twenty-four-hour growth hormone profiling in the assessment of acromegaly. Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2017 Dec 27;1(1):e00007.Full text  Abstract

22. Serioli S, Doglietto F, Fiorindi A, et al. Pituitary adenomas and invasiveness from anatomo-surgical, radiological, and histological perspectives: a systematic literature review. Cancers (Basel). 2019 Dec 4;11(12):1936.Full text  Abstract

23. Knosp E, Steiner E, Kitz K, et al. Pituitary adenomas with invasion of the cavernous sinus space: a magnetic resonance imaging classification compared with surgical findings. Neurosurgery. 1993 Oct;33(4):610-7; discussion 617-8. Abstract

24. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: neuroendocrine imaging. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

25. Fleseriu M, Biller BMK, Freda PU, et al. A Pituitary Society update to acromegaly management guidelines. Pituitary. 2021 Feb;24(1):1-13.Full text  Abstract

26. Thomas M, Berni E, Jenkins-Jones S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone and disease outcomes in acromegaly: A population study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2021 Jul;95(1):143-52.Full text  Abstract

27. Giustina A, Barkan A, Beckers A, et al. A consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acromegaly comorbidities: an update. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Apr 1;105(4):dgz096. Abstract

28. Melmed S, Kaiser UB, Lopes MB, et al. Clinical biology of the pituitary adenoma. Endocr Rev. 2022 Nov 25;43(6):1003-37.Full text  Abstract

29. Kim J, Hong N, Choi J, et al. Sex differences in mortality in patients with acromegaly: a nationwide cohort study in Korea. Eur J Endocrinol. 2023 Aug 2;189(2):225-34. Abstract

30. Asa SL, Ezzat S. An update on pituitary neuroendocrine tumors leading to acromegaly and gigantism. J Clin Med. 2021 May 22;10(11):2254.Full text  Abstract

31. Fahlbusch R, Kleinberg D, Biller B, et al. Surgical debulking of pituitary adenomas improves responsiveness to octreotide lar in the treatment of acromegaly. Pituitary. 2017 Dec;20(6):668-75. Abstract

32. Gadelha MR, Wildemberg LE, Kasuki L. The future of somatostatin receptor ligands in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Jan 18;107(2):297-308.Full text  Abstract

33. Fleseriu M, Zhang Z, Hanman K, et al. A systematic literature review to evaluate extended dosing intervals in the pharmacological management of acromegaly. Pituitary. 2023 Feb;26(1):9-41.Full text  Abstract

34. Samson SL, Nachtigall LB, Fleseriu M, et al. Maintenance of acromegaly control in patients switching from injectable somatostatin receptor ligands to oral octreotide. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2020 Oct 1;105(10):e3785-e97.Full text  Abstract

35. Fleseriu M, Molitch M, Dreval A, et al. MPOWERED trial open-label extension: long-term efficacy and safety data for oral octreotide capsules in acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Nov 17;108(12):3214-22.Full text  Abstract

36. Colao A, Bronstein MD, Freda P, et al. Pasireotide versus octreotide in acromegaly: a head-to-head superiority study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 Mar;99(3):791-9.Full text  Abstract

37. Cuevas-Ramos D, Fleseriu M. Pasireotide: a novel treatment for patients with acromegaly. Drug Des Devel Ther. 2016 Jan 11;10:227-39. Abstract

38. Gadelha MR, Bronstein MD, Brue T, et al; Pasireotide C2402 Study Group. Pasireotide versus continued treatment with octreotide or lanreotide in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly (PAOLA): a randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014 Nov;2(11):875-84. Abstract

39. Bronstein MD, Fleseriu M, Neggers S, et al; Pasireotide C2305 Study Group. Switching patients with acromegaly from octreotide to pasireotide improves biochemical control: crossover extension to a randomized, double-blind, phase III study. BMC Endocr Disord. 2016 Apr 2;16:16. Abstract

40. Schmid HA, Brue T, Colao A, et al. Effect of pasireotide on glucose- and growth hormone-related biomarkers in patients with inadequately controlled acromegaly. Endocrine. 2016 Jul;53(1):210-9. Abstract

41. Fleseriu M, Rusch E, Geer EB. Safety and tolerability of pasireotide long-acting release in acromegaly-results from the acromegaly, open-label, multicenter, safety monitoring program for treating patients who have a need to receive medical therapy (ACCESS) study. Endocrine. 2017 Jan;55(1):247-55.Full text  Abstract

42. Ezzat S, Caspar-Bell GM, Chik CL, et al. Predictive markers for postsurgical medical management of acromegaly: a systematic review and consensus treatment guideline. Endocr Pract. 2019 Apr;25(4):379-93. Abstract

43. Fleseriu M, Führer-Sakel D, van der Lely AJ, et al. More than a decade of real-world experience of pegvisomant for acromegaly: ACROSTUDY. Eur J Endocrinol. 2021 Aug 27;185(4):525-38.Full text  Abstract

44. Hannon MJ, Barkan AL, Drake WM. The role of radiotherapy in acromegaly. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(1):42-9.Full text  Abstract

45. Sims-Williams HP, Rajapaksa K, Yianni J, et al. Long-term safety of gamma knife radiosurgery (SRS) for acromegaly. Pituitary. 2021 Oct;24(5):724-36.Full text  Abstract

46. Gheorghiu ML. Updates in outcomes of stereotactic radiation therapy in acromegaly. Pituitary. 2017 Feb;20(1):154-68. Abstract

47. Alonso CE, Bunevicius A, Trifiletti DM, et al. Safety and efficacy of repeat radiosurgery for acromegaly: an international multi-institutional study. J Neurooncol. 2019 Nov;145(2):301-7. Abstract

48. Franck SE, Muhammad A, van der Lely AJ, et al. Combined treatment of somatostatin analogues with pegvisomant in acromegaly. Endocrine. 2016 May;52(2):206-13.Full text  Abstract

49. Almeida JP, Ruiz-Treviño AS, Liang B, et al. Reoperation for growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: report on an endonasal endoscopic series with a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. J Neurosurg. 2018 Aug;129(2):404-16.Full text  Abstract

50. Stone JC, Clark J, Cuneo R, et al. Estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for the treatment of acromegaly: a meta-analysis of published observational studies. Pituitary. 2014 Jun;17(3):284-95. Abstract

51. Balili I, Barkan A. Tamoxifen as a therapeutic agent in acromegaly. Pituitary. 2014 Dec;17(6):500-4. Abstract

52. Duarte FH, Jallad RS, Bronstein MD. Clomiphene citrate for treatment of acromegaly not controlled by conventional therapies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 May;100(5):1863-9. Abstract

53. Pita-Gutierrez F, Pertega-Diaz S, Pita-Fernandez S, et al. Place of preoperative treatment of acromegaly with somatostatin analog on surgical outcome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2013 Apr 25;8(4):e61523.Full text  Abstract

54. Zhang L, Wu X, Yan Y, et al. Preoperative somatostatin analogs treatment in acromegalic patients with macroadenomas. A meta-analysis. Brain Dev. 2015 Feb;37(2):181-90. Abstract

55. Fleseriu M, Hoffman AR, Katznelson L, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology disease state clinical review: management of acromegaly patients: what is the role of pre-operative medical therapy? Endocr Pract. 2015 Jun;21(6):668-73. Abstract

56. Gadelha MR, Gordon MB, Doknic M, et al. ACROBAT edge: safety and efficacy of switching injected SRLs to oral paltusotine in patients with acromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Apr 13;108(5):e148-59.Full text  Abstract

57. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of paltusotine for the treatment of acromegaly (PATHFNDR-1)​. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04837040. Sep 2023 [internet publication].Full text

58. ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial to assess efficacy and safety of octreotide subcutaneous depot in patients with acromegaly​. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04076462. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text

59. ClinicalTrials.gov. A trial to assess the long-term safety of octreotide subcutaneous depot in patients with acromegaly.​ ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04125836. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

60. van der Lely AJ, Gomez R, Pleil A, et al. Development of ACRODAT®, a new software medical device to assess disease activity in patients with acromegaly. Pituitary. 2017 Dec;20(6):692-701.Full text  Abstract

61. Giustina A, Bevan JS, Bronstein MD, et al. SAGIT®: clinician-reported outcome instrument for managing acromegaly in clinical practice--development and results from a pilot study. Pituitary. 2016 Feb;19(1):39-49.Full text  Abstract

62. Kreitschmann-Andermahr I, Buchfelder M, Kleist B, et al. Predictors of quality of life in 165 patients with acromegaly: results from a single-center study. Endocr Pract. 2017 Jan;23(1):79-88. Abstract

63. Geraedts VJ, Andela CD, Stalla GK, et al. Predictors of quality of life in acromegaly: no consensus on biochemical parameters. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Mar 3;8:40.Full text  Abstract

64. Kimball A, Dichtel LE, Yuen KCJ, et al. Quality of life after long-term biochemical control of acromegaly. Pituitary. 2022 Jun;25(3):531-9.Full text  Abstract

65. Broersen LHA, Zamanipoor Najafabadi AH, Pereira AM, et al. Improvement in symptoms and health-related quality of life in acromegaly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 23;106(2):577-87.Full text  Abstract

66. Carmichael JD, Bonert VS, Nuño M, et al. Acromegaly clinical trial methodology impact on reported biochemical efficacy rates of somatostatin receptor ligand treatments: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2014 May;99(5):1825-33.Full text  Abstract

67. Potorac I, Petrossians P, Daly AF, et al. T2-weighted MRI signal predicts hormone and tumor responses to somatostatin analogs in acromegaly. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2016 Nov;23(11):871-81. Abstract

68. Muhammad A, van der Lely AJ, Delhanty PJD, et al. Efficacy and safety of switching to pasireotide in patients with acromegaly controlled with pegvisomant and first-generation somatostatin analogues (PAPE study). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Feb 1;103(2):586-95. Abstract

69. Donoho DA, Bose N, Zada G, et al. Management of aggressive growth hormone secreting pituitary adenomas. Pituitary. 2017 Feb;20(1):169-78. Abstract

70. Melmed S, Bronstein MD, Chanson P, et al. A consensus statement on acromegaly therapeutic outcomes. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2018 Sep;14(9):552-61.Full text  Abstract

71. Fleseriu M, Barkan A, Del Pilar Schneider M, et al. Prevalence of comorbidities and concomitant medication use in acromegaly: analysis of real-world data from the United States. Pituitary. 2022 Apr;25(2):296-307.Full text  Abstract

72. Maison P, Tropeano AI, Macquin-Mavier I, et al. Impact of somatostatin analogs on the heart in acromegaly: a metaanalysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 May;92(5):1743-7.Full text  Abstract

73. Kasuki L, Maia B, Gadelha MR. Acromegaly and colorectal neoplasm: an update. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Jun 20;13:924952.Full text  Abstract

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