Evaluation of incidental adrenal mass

References

Key articles

Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003 Mar 4;138(5):424-9.Full text  Abstract

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Management of clinically inapparent adrenal mass. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: No. 56 AHRQ Publication No. 02-E013. February 2002 [internet publication].Full text

Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-10. Abstract

Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X. Adrenal incidentalomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2002 Jan;14(1):58-63. Abstract

Expert Panel on Urological Imaging., Mody RN, Remer EM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Adrenal Mass Evaluation: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Nov;18(11s):S251-S267.Full text  Abstract

Gopan T, Remer E, Hamrahian AH. Evaluating and managing adrenal incidentalomas. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006 Jun;73(6):561-8. Abstract

Reference articles

1. Grumbach MM, Biller BM, Braunstein GD, et al. Management of the clinically inapparent adrenal mass ("incidentaloma"). Ann Intern Med. 2003 Mar 4;138(5):424-9.Full text  Abstract

2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Management of clinically inapparent adrenal mass. Evidence Report/Technology Assessment: No. 56 AHRQ Publication No. 02-E013. February 2002 [internet publication].Full text

3. Kloos RT, Gross MD, Francis IR, et al. Incidentally discovered adrenal masses. Endocr Rev. 1995 Aug;16(4):460-84. Abstract

4. Young WF Jr. Clinical practice. The incidentally discovered adrenal mass. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:601-10. Abstract

5. Nieman LK. Cushing's syndrome. In: Jameson JL, De Groot LJ, eds. Endocrinology. 6th ed. Saunders Elsevier; 2010.

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7. Elhassan YS, Alahdab F, Prete A, et al. Natural history of adrenal incidentalomas with and without mild autonomous cortisol excess: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jul 16;171(2):107-16. Abstract

8. Fassnacht M, Arlt W, Bancos I, et al. Management of adrenal incidentalomas: European Society of Endocrinology clinical practice guideline in collaboration with the European Network for the Study of Adrenal Tumors. Eur J Endocrinol. 2016 Aug;175(2):G1-34.Full text  Abstract

9. Terzolo M, Pia A, Alì A, et al. Adrenal incidentaloma: a new cause of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Mar;87(3):998-1003.Full text  Abstract

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12. Bertherat J, Mosnier-Pudar H, Bertagna X. Adrenal incidentalomas. Curr Opin Oncol. 2002 Jan;14(1):58-63. Abstract

13. Otal P, Escourrou G, Mazerolles C, et al. Imaging features of uncommon adrenal masses with histopathologic correlation. Radiographics. 1999 May-Jun;19(3):569-81. Abstract

14. Expert Panel on Urological Imaging., Mody RN, Remer EM, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Adrenal Mass Evaluation: 2021 Update. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Nov;18(11s):S251-S267.Full text  Abstract

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20. Wong KK, Arabi M, Bou-Assaly W, et al. Evaluation of incidentally discovered adrenal masses with PET and PET/CT. Eur J Radiol. 2012 Mar;81(3):441-50. Abstract

21. Libè R, Dall'Asta C, Barbetta L, et al. Long-term follow-up study of patients with adrenal incidentalomas. Eur J Endocrinol. 2002 Oct;147(4):489-94.Full text  Abstract

22. Petersenn S, Unger N, Walz MK, et al. Diagnostic value of biochemical parameters in the differential diagnosis of an adrenal mass. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Aug;1073:348-57. Abstract

23. Pecori Giraldi F, Ambrogio AG, De Martin M, et al. Specificity of first-line tests for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome: assessment in a large series. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Nov;92(11):4123-9.Full text  Abstract

24. Korobkin M, Brodeur FJ, Francis IR, et al. CT time-attenuation washout curves of adrenal adenomas and non adenomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998 Mar;170(3):747-52. Abstract

25. Sawka AM, Jaeschke R, Singh RJ, et al. A comparison of biochemical tests for pheochromocytoma: measurement of fractionated plasma metanephrines compared with the combination of 24-hour urinary metanephrines and catecholamines. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Feb;88(2):553-8.Full text  Abstract

26. Shulkin BL, Thompson NW, Shapiro B, et al. Pheochromocytomas: imaging with 2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose PET. Radiology. 1999 Jul;212(1):35-41. Abstract

27. Hoegerle S, Nitzsche E, Altehoefer C, et al. Pheochromocytomas: detection with 18F DOPA whole body PET - initial results. Radiology. 2002 Feb;222(2):507-12. Abstract

28. Gopan T, Remer E, Hamrahian AH. Evaluating and managing adrenal incidentalomas. Cleve Clin J Med. 2006 Jun;73(6):561-8. Abstract

29. Tiu SC, Choi CH, Shek CC, et al. The use of aldosterone-renin ratio as a diagnostic test for primary hyperaldosteronism and its test characteristics under different conditions of blood sampling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan;90(1):72-8.Full text  Abstract

30. Yun M, Kim W, Alnafisi N, et al. 18F-FDG PET in characterizing adrenal lesions detected on CT or MRI. J Nucl Med. 2001 Dec;42(12):1795-9.Full text  Abstract

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