Non-diabetic hypoglycemia

Vihonen H, Kuisma M, Nurmi J. Hypoglycaemia without diabetes encountered by emergency medical services: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018 Feb 1;26(1):12.Full text  Abstract

Kittah NE, Vella A. Management of endocrine disease: pathogenesis and management of hypoglycemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jul;177(1):R37-47.Full text  Abstract

Kandaswamy L, Raghavan R, Pappachan JM. Spontaneous hypoglycemia: diagnostic evaluation and management. Endocrine. 2016 Jul;53(1):47-57. Abstract

Falconi M, Eriksson B, Kaltsas G, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines update for the management of patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(2):153-71.Full text  Abstract

1. Khan AI, Vasquez Y, Gray J, et al. The variability of results between point-of-care testing glucose meters and the central laboratory analyzer. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006 Oct;130(10):1527-32. Abstract

2. Whipple AO. The surgical therapy of hyperinsulinoma. J Int Chir. 1938;3:237.

3. Takebayashi K, Inukai T. Effect of proton pump inhibitors on glycemic control in patients with diabetes. World J Diabetes. 2015 Aug 25;6(10):1122-31.Full text  Abstract

4. Murad MH, Coto-Yglesias F, Wang AT, et al. Drug-induced hypoglycemia: a systematic review. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;94(3):741-5.Full text  Abstract

5. Vandenberghe F, Challet C, Maitrejean M, et al. Impact of drugs on hypoglycaemia in hospitalised patients. Eur J Hosp Pharm. 2019 Jul;26(4):199-204.Full text  Abstract

6. Hofland J, Refardt JC, Feelders RA, et al. Approach to the patient: insulinoma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2024 Mar 15;109(4):1109-18.Full text  Abstract

7. Service FJ, McMahon MM, O'Brien PC, et al. Functioning insulinoma - incidence, recurrence and long term survival of patients: a 60 year study. Mayo Clin Proc. 1991 Jul;66(7):711-9. Abstract

8. Service GJ, Thompson GB, Service FJ, et al. Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia with nesidioblastosis after gastric-bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 21;353(3):249-54.Full text  Abstract

9. Bressler R, Corredor C, Brendel K. Hypoglycin and hypoglycin-like compounds. Pharmacol Rev. 1969 Jun;21(2):105-30. Abstract

10. Palardy J, Havrankova J, Lepage R, et al. Blood glucose measurements during symptomatic episodes in patients with suspected postprandial hypoglycemia. N Engl J Med. 1989 Nov 23;321(21):1421-5. Abstract

11. Vihonen H, Kuisma M, Nurmi J. Hypoglycaemia without diabetes encountered by emergency medical services: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med. 2018 Feb 1;26(1):12.Full text  Abstract

12. Huopio H, Shyng SL, Otonkoski T, et al. K(ATP) channels and insulin secretion disorders. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Aug;283(2):E207-16. Abstract

13. Kittah NE, Vella A. Management of endocrine disease: pathogenesis and management of hypoglycemia. Eur J Endocrinol. 2017 Jul;177(1):R37-47.Full text  Abstract

14. Fournier JP, Azoulay L, Yin H, et al. Tramadol use and the risk of hospitalization for hypoglycemia in patients with noncancer pain. JAMA Intern Med. 2015 Feb;175(2):186-93. Abstract

15. Cryer PE. Glucose counterregulation: prevention and correction of hypoglycemia in humans. Am J Physiol. 1993 Feb;264(2 Pt 1):E149-55. Abstract

16. Giannis D, Moris D, Karachaliou GS, et al. Insulinomas: from diagnosis to treatment. A review of the literature. J BUON. 2020 May-Jun;25(3):1302-14.Full text  Abstract

17. Nirantharakumar K, Marshall T, Hodson J, et al. Hypoglycemia in non-diabetic in-patients: clinical or criminal? PLoS One. 2012;7(7):e40384.Full text  Abstract

18. Cryer PE, Axelrod L, Grossman AB, et al. Evaluation and management of adult hypoglycemic disorders: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Mar;94(3):709-28.Full text  Abstract

19. O'Keefe SJ, Marks V. Lunchtime gin and tonic as a cause of reactive hypoglycemia. Lancet. 1977 Jun 18;1(8025):1286-8. Abstract

20. Hazlehurst J, Khoo B, Lobato CB, et al. Society for Endocrinology guidelines for the diagnosis and management of post-bariatric hypoglycaemia. Endocr Connect. 2024 May 1;13(5):e230285.Full text  Abstract

21. Salehi M, Vella A, McLaughlin T, et al. Hypoglycemia after gastric bypass surgery: current concepts and controversies. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Aug 1;103(8):2815-26.Full text  Abstract

22. Felig P, Brown WV, Levine RA, et al. Glucose homeostasis in viral hepatitis. N Engl J Med. 1970 Dec 24;283(26):1436-40. Abstract

23. Garber AJ, Bier DM, Cryer PE, et al. Hypoglycemia in compensated chronic renal insufficiency: substrate limitation of gluconeogenesis. Diabetes. 1974 Dec;23(12):982-6. Abstract

24. Meissner T, Friedmann B, Okun JG, et al. Massive insulin secretion in response to anaerobic exercise in exercise-induced hyperinsulinism. Horm Metab Res. 2005 Nov;37(11):690-4. Abstract

25. Zimmerman BR. Hypoglycemia from hepatic, renal, and endocrine disorders. In: Service FJ, ed. Hypoglycemic disorders: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Boston, MA: GK Hall; 1983.

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27. Miller SI, Wallace RJ Jr, Musher DM, et al. Hypoglycemia as a manifestation of sepsis. Am J Med. 1980 May;68(5):649-54. Abstract

28. Talente GM, Coleman RA, Alter C, et al. Glycogen storage disease in adults. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Feb 1;120(3):218-26. Abstract

29. Rich LM, Caine MR, Findling JW, et al. Hypoglycemic coma in anorexia nervosa: case report and review of the literature. Arch Intern Med. 1990 Apr;150(4):894-5. Abstract

30. Fischer KF, Lees JA, Newman JH, et al. Hypoglycemia in hospitalized patients: causes and outcomes. N Engl J Med. 1986 Nov 13;315(20):1245-50. Abstract

31. Service FJ. Factitial hypoglycemia. Endocrinologist. 1992;2:173-6.

32. Kojak G Jr, Barry MJ Jr, Gastineau CF. Severe hypoglycemic reaction with haloperidol: report or a case. Am J Psychiatry. 1969 Oct;126(4):573-6. Abstract

33. Limburg PJ, Katz H, Grant CS, et al. Quinine-induced hypoglycemia. Ann Intern Med. 1993 Aug 1;119(3):218-9. Abstract

34. DeWitt CR, Heard K, Waksman JC. Insulin & C-peptide levels in sulfonylurea-induced hypoglycemia: a systematic review. J Med Toxicol. 2007 Sep;3(3):107-18. Abstract

35. Nelson RL. Drug-induced hypoglycemias. In: Service FJ, ed. Hypoglycemic disorders: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment. Boston, MA: G.K. Hall; 1983:97-109.

36. Banzal SS, Kabadi UM. SUN-189 Tramadol induced hypoglycemia masquerading as a seizure disorder. Endocr Soc. 2019 Apr 15; 3(suppl 1): SUN-189.

37. American Diabetes Association. Consensus statement on self-monitoring of blood glucose. Diabetes Care. 1987 Jan-Feb;10(1):95-9. Abstract

38. Service FJ, Natt N. The prolonged fast. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Nov;85(11):3973-4.Full text  Abstract

39. Service FJ. Hypoglycemic disorders. N Engl J Med. 1995 Apr 27;332(17):1144-52. Abstract

40. Marks V, Samols E. Glucagon test for insulinoma: a chemical study in 25 cases. J Clin Pathol. 1968 May;21(3):346-52.Full text  Abstract

41. Hizuka N, Fukuda I, Takano K, et al. Serum insulin-like growth factor II in 44 patients with non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia. Endocr J. 1998 Apr;(suppl 45):S61-5. Abstract

42. Fedorak IJ, Ko TC, Gordon D, et al. Localization of islet cell tumors of the pancreas: a review of current techniques. Surgery. 1993 Mar;113(3):242-9. Abstract

43. Rosch T, Lightdale CJ, Botet JF, et al. Localization of pancreatic endocrine tumors by endoscopic ultrasonography. N Engl J Med. 1992 Jun 25;326(26):1721-6. Abstract

44. Kandaswamy L, Raghavan R, Pappachan JM. Spontaneous hypoglycemia: diagnostic evaluation and management. Endocrine. 2016 Jul;53(1):47-57. Abstract

45. Kim CH, Park JH, Park TS, et al. Autoimmune hypoglycemia in a type 2 diabetic patient with anti-insulin and insulin receptor antibodies. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):288-9.Full text  Abstract

46. Alberta Medical Association. Laboratory endocrine testing guidelines: hypoglycemia. January 2014 [internet publication].Full text

47. Falconi M, Eriksson B, Kaltsas G, et al. ENETS consensus guidelines update for the management of patients with functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and non-functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Neuroendocrinology. 2016;103(2):153-71.Full text  Abstract

48. De Buck E, Borra V, Carlson JN, et al. First aid glucose administration routes for symptomatic hypoglycaemia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Apr 11;(4):CD013283.Full text  Abstract

49. Stephen AE, Hodin RA. Neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas, excluding gastrinoma. Surg Oncol Clin North Am. 2006 Jul;15(3):497-510. Abstract

50. Hirshberg B, Cochran C, Skarulis MC, et al. Malignant insulinoma: spectrum of unusual clinical features. Cancer. 2005 Jul 15;104(2):264-72. Abstract

51. Hofeldt FD, Dippe SE, Levin SR, et al. Effects of diphenylhydantoin upon glucose-induced insulin secretion in three patients with insulinoma. Diabetes. 1974 Mar;23(3):192-8. Abstract

52. Ricci S, Antonuzzo A, Galli L, et al. Long-acting depot lanreotide in the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Am J Clin Oncol. 2000 Aug;23(4):412-5. Abstract

53. Kabadi UM, Kabadi MU. Idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia: resolution on increased protein intake secondary to decreased insulin response with enhanced glucagon rise. Endocrine Society Annual Meeting, page 540, abstract no. P2-568. Chevy Chase, MD: Endocrine Society; 2006.

54. Ahmadpour S, Kabadi UM. Pancreatic alpha-cell function in idiopathic reactive hypoglycemia. Metabolism. 1997 Jun;46(6):639-43. Abstract

55. Khan M, Kabadi UM. Postprandial hypoglycemia. In: Rigobelo EC, ed. Diabetes - damages and treatments. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech Open; 2011:117-26.Full text

56. Sørensen M, Johansen OE. Idiopathic reactive hypoglycaemia - prevalence and effect of fibre on glucose excursions. Scand J Clin Lab Invest. 2010 Oct;70(6):385-91. Abstract

57. Tsuro K, Kojima H, Okamoto S, et al. Glucocorticoid therapy ameliorated hypoglycemia in insulin-like growth factor-II-producing solitary fibrous tumor. Intern Med. 2006;45(8):525-9.Full text  Abstract