Male factor infertility

References

Key articles

Salonia A, Bettocchi C, Boeri L, et al; EAU Working Group on Male Sexual and Reproductive Health. European Association of Urology guidelines on sexual and reproductive health - 2021 update: male sexual dysfunction. Eur Urol. 2021 Sep;80(3):333-57.Full text  Abstract

Kuroda S, Usui K, Sanjo H, et al. Genetic disorders and male infertility. Reprod Med Biol. 2020 Oct;19(4):314-322.Full text  Abstract

Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):36-43.Full text  Abstract

Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):319-333.Full text  Abstract

Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):44-51.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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21. Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):36-43.Full text  Abstract

22. Safarinejad MR, Asgari SA, Farshi A, et al. The effects of opiate consumption on serum reproductive hormone levels, sperm parameters, seminal plasma antioxidant capacity and sperm DNA integrity. Reprod Toxicol. 2013 Apr;36:18-23. Abstract

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29. World Health Organization. WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen: sixth edition. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

30. Agarwal A, Baskaran S, Parekh N, et al. Male infertility. Lancet. 2021 Jan 23;397(10271):319-333.Full text  Abstract

31. Sigman M, Jarow JP. Endocrine evaluation of infertile men. Urology. 1997 Nov;50(5):659-64. Abstract

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33. La Vignera S, Vita R. Thyroid dysfunction and semen quality. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2018 Jan-Dec;32:2058738418775241.Full text  Abstract

34. Sengupta P, Dutta S, Karkada IR, et al. Endocrinopathies and Male Infertility. Life (Basel). 2021 Dec 22;12(1):.Full text  Abstract

35. Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):44-51.Full text  Abstract

36. Castilla JA, Zamora S, Gonzalvo MC, et al. Sperm chromatin structure assay and classical semen parameters: systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2010 Jan;20(1):114-24. Abstract

37. Zini A, Sigman M. Are tests of sperm DNA damage clinically useful? Pros and cons. J Androl. 2009 May-Jun;30(3):219-29. Abstract

38. Schoor RA, Elhanbly S, Niederberger CS, et al. The role of testicular biopsy in the modern management of male infertility. J Urol. 2002 Jan;167(1):197-200. Abstract

39. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine in collaboration with the Society for Male Reproduction and Urology. The management of obstructive azoospermia: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2019 May;111(5):873-80.Full text  Abstract

40. Liu PY, Handelsman DJ. The present and future state of hormonal treatment for male infertility. Hum Reprod Update. 2003 Jan-Feb;9(1):9-23.Full text  Abstract

41. Zheng J, Mao J, Xu H, et al. Pulsatile GnRH therapy may restore hypothalamus-pituitary-testis axis function in patients with congenital combined pituitary hormone deficiency: a prospective, self-controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jul 1;102(7):2291-300.Full text  Abstract

42. Kumar P, Kumar N, Thakur DS, et al. Male hypogonadism: symptoms and treatment. J Adv Pharm Technol Res. 2010 Jul;1(3):297-301.Full text  Abstract

43. Huijben M, Lock MTWT, de Kemp VF, et al. Clomiphene citrate for men with hypogonadism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Andrology. 2022 Mar;10(3):451-469.Full text  Abstract

44. Kim ED, Crosnoe L, Bar-Chama N, et al. The treatment of hypogonadism in men of reproductive age. Fertil Steril. 2013 Mar 1;99(3):718-24.Full text  Abstract

45. Ross LS, Kandel GL, Prinz LM, et al. Clomiphene treatment of the idiopathic hypofertile male: high-dose, alternate-day therapy. Fertil Steril. 1980 Jun;33(6):618-23. Abstract

46. Hussein A, Ozgok Y, Ross L, et al. Optimization of spermatogenesis-regulating hormones in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia and its impact on sperm retrieval: a multicentre study. BJU Int. 2013 Mar;111(3 pt b):E110-4. Abstract

47. Jung JH, Seo JT. Empirical medical therapy in idiopathic male infertility: promise or panacea? Clin Exp Reprod Med. 2014 Sep;41(3):108-14.Full text  Abstract

48. Salama N, Blgozah S. Serum estradiol levels in infertile men with non-obstructive azoospermia. Ther Adv Reprod Health. 2020 Jan-Dec;14:2633494120928342.Full text  Abstract

49. Santen RJ. Feedback control of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by testosterone and estradiol in men: physiological and clinical implications. Clin Biochem. 1981 Oct;14(5):243-51. Abstract

50. Pavlovich CP, King P, Goldstein M, et al. Evidence of a treatable endocrinopathy in infertile men. J Urol. 2001 Mar;165(3):837-41. Abstract

51. Chehab M, Madala A, Trussell JC. On-label and off-label drugs used in the treatment of male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2015 Mar;103(3):595-604.Full text  Abstract

52. Shoshany O, Abhyankar N, Mufarreh N, et al. Outcomes of anastrozole in oligozoospermic hypoandrogenic subfertile men. Fertil Steril. 2017 Mar;107(3):589-594.Full text  Abstract

53. Alder NJ, Keihani S, Stoddard GJ, et al. Combination therapy with clomiphene citrate and anastrozole is a safe and effective alternative for hypoandrogenic subfertile men. BJU Int. 2018 Oct;122(4):688-94. Abstract

54. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems. Sep 2017 [internet publication].Full text

55. Persad E, O'Loughlin CA, Kaur S, et al. Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 23;(4):CD000479.Full text  Abstract

56. Samplaski MK, Lo KC, Grober ED, et al. Varicocelectomy to "upgrade" semen quality to allow couples to use less invasive forms of assisted reproductive technology. Fertil Steril. 2017 Oct;108(4):609-12.Full text  Abstract

57. Weedin JW, Khera M, Lipshultz LI. Varicocele repair in patients with nonobstructive azoospermia: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2010 Jun;183(6):2309-15. Abstract

58. Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, et al. Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol. 2011 Oct;60(4):796-808. Abstract

59. Custers IM, van Rumste MM, van der Steeg JW, et al. Long-term outcome in couples with unexplained subfertility and an intermediate prognosis initially randomized between expectant management and immediate treatment. Hum Reprod. 2012 Feb;27(2):444-50. Abstract

60. Attia AM, Abou-Setta AM, Al-Inany HG. Gonadotrophins for idiopathic male factor subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Aug 23;(8):CD005071.Full text  Abstract

61. Arafa M, Agarwal A, Majzoub A, et al. Efficacy of antioxidant supplementation on conventional and advanced sperm function tests in patients with idiopathic male infertility. Antioxidants (Basel). 2020 Mar 6;9(3):219.Full text  Abstract

62. Smits RM, Mackenzie-Proctor R, Yazdani A, et al. Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 14;(3):CD007411.Full text  Abstract

63. Santi D, Granata AR, Simoni M. FSH treatment of male idiopathic infertility improves pregnancy rate: a meta-analysis. Endocr Connect. 2015 Sep;4(3):R46-58.Full text  Abstract

64. Tournaye H. Evidence-based management of male subfertility. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Jun;18(3):253-9. Abstract

65. Cissen M, Bensdorp A, Cohlen BJ, et al. Assisted reproductive technologies for male subfertility. Cochrane Database 2016 Feb 26;(2):CD000360.Full text  Abstract

66. Muthigi A, Jahandideh S, Bishop LA, et al. Clarifying the relationship between total motile sperm counts and intrauterine insemination pregnancy rates. Fertil Steril. 2021 Jun;115(6):1454-60. Abstract

67. Rakic L, Kostova E, Cohlen BJ, et al. Double versus single intrauterine insemination (IUI) in stimulated cycles for subfertile couples. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Jul 14;(7):CD003854.Full text  Abstract

68. Colpi GM, Colpi EM, Piediferro G, et al. Microsurgical TESE versus conventional TESE for ICSI in non-obstructive azoospermia: a randomized controlled study. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Mar;18(3):315-9. Abstract

69. Ayeleke RO, Asseler JD, Cohlen BJ, et al. Intra-uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 3;(3):CD001838.Full text  Abstract

70. Boomsma CM, Cohlen BJ, Farquhar C. Semen preparation techniques for intrauterine insemination. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Oct 15;(10):CD004507.Full text  Abstract

71. Van Peperstraten A, Proctor ML, Johnson NP, et al. Techniques for surgical retrieval of sperm prior to intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) for azoospermia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Apr 16;(2):CD002807.Full text  Abstract

72. Allen VM, Wilson RD, Cheung A; Genetics Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC); Reproductive Endocrinology Infertility Committee of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada (SOGC). Pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive technology. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2006 Mar;28(3):220-33. Abstract

73. Davies MJ, Moore VM, Willson KJ, et al. Reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2012 May 10;366(19):1803-13.Full text  Abstract

74. Pashayan N, Lyratzopoulos G, Mathur R. Cost-effectiveness of primary offer of IVF vs. primary offer of IUI followed by IVF (for IUI failures) in couples with unexplained or mild male factor subfertility. BMC Health Serv Res. 2006 Jun 23;6:80.Full text  Abstract

75. Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Kirubakaran R, et al. Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 21;(8):CD003416.Full text  Abstract

76. Grady R, Alavi N, Vale R, et al. Elective single embryo transfer and perinatal outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2012 Feb;97(2):324-31. Abstract

77. Rimm AA, Katayama AC, Katayama KP. A meta-analysis of the impact of IVF and ICSI on major malformations after adjusting for the effect of subfertility. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2011 Aug;28(8):699-705. Abstract

78. Safarinejad MR. Effect of pentoxifylline on semen parameters, reproductive hormones, and seminal plasma antioxidant capacity in men with idiopathic infertility: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Urol Nephrol. 2011 Jun;43(2):315-28. Abstract

79. Balercia G, Buldreghini E, Vignini A, et al. Coenzyme Q10 treatment in infertile men with idiopathic asthenozoospermia: a placebo-controlled, double-blind randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2009 May;91(5):1785-92. Abstract

80. Safarinejad MR. Efficacy of coenzyme Q10 on semen parameters, sperm function and reproductive hormones in infertile men. J Urol. 2009 Jul;182(1):237-48. Abstract

81. Safarinejad MR, Safarinejad S, Shafiei N, et al. Effects of the reduced form of coenzyme Q10 (ubiquinol) on semen parameters in men with idiopathic infertility: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2012 Aug;188(2):526-31. Abstract

82. Safarinejad MR, Safarinejad S. Efficacy of selenium and/or N-acetyl-cysteine for improving semen parameters in infertile men: a double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized study. J Urol. 2009 Feb;181(2):741-51. Abstract

83. Ciftci H, Verit A, Savas M, et al. Effects of N-acetylcysteine on semen parameters and oxidative/antioxidant status. Urology. 2009 Jul;74(1):73-6. Abstract

84. Raman JD, Nobert CF, Goldstein M. Increased incidence of testicular cancer in men presenting with infertility and abnormal semen analysis. J Urol. 2005 Nov;174(5):1819-22. Abstract

85. Peng X, Zeng X, Peng S, et al. The association risk of male subfertility and testicular cancer: a systematic review. PLoS One. 2009;4(5):e5591.Full text  Abstract

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