Evaluation of respiratory alkalosis

Last reviewed: 5 Oct 2024
Last updated: 09 May 2024

Summary

Differentials

Common

  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Sepsis and systemic inflammatory-response syndrome (SIRS)
  • Acute respiratory-distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Ischemic stroke
  • Hemorrhagic stroke
  • Salicylate overdose
  • Pseudorespiratory alkalosis
  • Pregnancy
  • Asthma in adults
  • Asthma in children
  • Hypoxemia
  • Cirrhosis
  • Cardiopulmonary bypass
Full details

Uncommon

  • Pneumothorax
  • Meningitis
  • Encephalitis
  • Brain tumor
  • Traumatic brain injury
  • Mechanical ventilation
  • High altitude-related illness
  • Generalized anxiety disorder
  • Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension
  • Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
  • Central sleep apnea
  • Hypovolemic shock
  • Severe anemia
  • Lung contusion
  • Central neurogenic hyperventilation
  • Hyperventilation syndrome
  • Hyperthermic hyperpnea
  • Cyanotic heart disease
  • Hemoglobinopathy
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)
  • Fulminant hepatic failure
  • Hepatopulmonary syndrome
  • Portopulmonary hypertension
  • Nicotine, xanthines, catecholamines, analeptics, progestational agents
  • Situational anxiety
Full details

Contributors

Authors

Brian Dang, MD

Fellow in Pulmonary and Critical Care

University of California

Irvine

CA

Disclosures

BD declares that he has no competing interests.

Catherine S. Sassoon, MD

Professor of Medicine

University of California

Irvine

CA

Disclosures

CSS is a member of the editorial board of American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. CSS is an author of a reference cited in this topic.

Acknowledgements

Dr Catherine S. Sassoon and Dr Brian Dang would like to gratefully acknowledge Dr Asad Qasim, Dr Wilson Yan, Dr Jeremy Murdock, and Dr Sterling L. Malish, previous contributors to this topic. AQ, WY, JM, and SLM declare that they have no competing interests.

Peer reviewers

Feras Hawari, MD

Chief of Pulmonary and Critical Care

King Hussein Cancer Center

Amman

Jordan

Disclosures

FH declares that he has no competing interests.

John G. Laffey, MD

Professor and Head

Department of Anesthesia

Galway University Hospitals

Galway

Ireland

Disclosures

JGL is an author of a number of references cited in this topic.

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