References
Key articles
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on testing and specimen collection for patients with suspected infection with novel influenza A viruses with the potential to cause severe disease in humans. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
World Health Organization. Guidelines for the clinical management of severe illness from influenza virus infections. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses and use of antiviral medications for chemoprophylaxis. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Technical report: highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text
2. Ungchusak K, Auewarakul P, Dowell SF, et al. Probable person-to-person transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1). N Engl J Med. 2005 Jan 27;352(4):333-40.Full text Abstract
3. Wang H, Feng Z, Shu Y, et al. Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China. Lancet. 2008 Apr 26;371(9622):1427-34. Abstract
4. Skowronski DM, Tweed SA, Petric M, et al. Human illness and isolation of low-pathogenicity avian influenza virus of the H7N3 subtype in British Columbia, Canada. J Infect Dis. 2006 Mar 15;193(6):899-900. Abstract
5. Peiris M, Yuen KY, Leung CW, et al. Human infection with influenza H9N2. Lancet. 1999 Sep 11;354(9182):916-7. Abstract
6. Uyeki TM, Chong YH, Katz JM, et al. Lack of evidence for human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses in Hong Kong, China 1999. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Feb;8(2):154-9.Full text Abstract
7. Eurosurveillance editorial team. Avian influenza A/(H7N2) outbreak in the United Kingdom. Euro Surveill. 2007 May 31;12(5):E070531.Full text Abstract
8. Kurtz J, Manvell RJ, Banks J. Avian influenza virus isolated from a woman with conjunctivitis. Lancet. 1996 Sep 28;348(9031):901-2. Abstract
9. Zhuang Y, Wang M, Liang L, et al. First known human death after infection with the avian influenza A/H3N8 virus: Guangdong Province, China, March 2023. Clin Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 20;78(3):646-50.Full text Abstract
10. Qi X, Qiu H, Hao S, et al. Human infection with an avian-origin influenza A (H10N3) virus. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 17;386(11):1087-8.Full text Abstract
11. Tong XC, Weng SS, Xue F, et al. First human infection by a novel avian influenza A(H7N4) virus. J Infect. 2018 Sep;77(3):249-57. Abstract
12. Tweed SA, Skowronski DM, David ST, et al. Human illness from avian influenza H7N3, British Columbia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Dec;10(12):2196-9.Full text Abstract
13. Nguyen-Van-Tam JS, Nair P, Acheson P, et al. Outbreak of low pathogenicity H7N3 avian influenza in UK, including associated case of human conjunctivitis. Euro Surveill. 2006 May 4;11(5):E060504.Full text Abstract
14. Pan M, Gao R, Lv Q, et al. Human infection with a novel, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N6) virus: virological and clinical findings. J Infect. 2016 Jan;72(1):52-9. Abstract
15. Yang ZF, Mok CK, Peiris JS, et al. Human infection with a novel avian influenza A (H5N6) virus. N Engl J Med. 2015 Jul 30;373(5):487-9.Full text Abstract
16. World Health Organization/World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization H5N1 Evolution Working Group. Revised and updated nomenclature for highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2014 May;8(3):384-8.Full text Abstract
17. World Health Organization. Evolution of the influenza A(H5) haemagglutinin: WHO/OIE/FAO H5 Working Group reports a new clade designated 2.3.4.4. Jan 2015 [internet publication].Full text
18. Smith GJ, Donis RO; World Health Organization/World Organisation for Animal Health/Food and Agriculture Organization (WHO/OIE/FAO) H5 Evolution Working Group. Nomenclature updates resulting from the evolution of avian influenza A(H5) virus clades 2.1.3.2a, 2.2.1, and 2.3.4 during 2013-2014. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2015 Sep;9(5):271-6.Full text Abstract
19. Writing Committee of the Second World Health Organization Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Human Infection with Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus; Abdel-Ghafar AN, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, et al. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2008 Jan 17;358(3):261-73.Full text Abstract
20. World Health Organization. Genetic and antigenic characteristics of zoonotic influenza A viruses and development of candidate vaccine viruses for pandemic preparedness. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text
21. World Health Organization. Assessment of risk associated with recent influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text
22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. H5N1 bird flu: current situation summary. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
23. World Health Organization. Update on human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, 2010. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2011 Apr 22;86(17):161-6.Full text Abstract
24. Uyeki TM. Human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus: review of clinical issues. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jul 15;49(2):279-90.Full text Abstract
25. de Jong MD, Bach VC, Phan TQ, et al. Fatal avian influenza A (H5N1) in a child presenting with diarrhea followed by coma. N Engl J Med. 2005 Feb 17;352(7):686-91.Full text Abstract
26. Rajabali N, Lim T, Sokolowski C, et al. Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection with respiratory failure and meningoencephalitis in a Canadian traveller. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):221-3.Full text Abstract
27. Kandeel A, Manoncourt S, Abd el Kareem E, et al. Zoonotic transmission of avian influenza virus (H5N1), Egypt, 2006-2009. Emerg Infect Dis. 2010 Jul;16(7):1101-7.Full text Abstract
28. International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B). Outbreak of mild respiratory disease caused by H5N1 and H9N2 infections among young children in Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2011. Health Sci Bulletin. 2011;9:1-12.Full text
29. Oner AF, Dogan N, Gasimov V, et al. H5N1 avian influenza in children. Clin Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;55(1):26-32.Full text Abstract
30. Shinde V, Hanshaoworakul W, Simmerman JM, et al. A comparison of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of fatal human infections with H5N1 and human influenza viruses in Thailand, 2004-2006. PLoS One. 2011 Apr 29;6(4):e14809.Full text Abstract
31. Chan PK. Outbreak of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in Hong Kong in 1997. Clin Infect Dis. 2002 May 1;34(suppl 2):S58-64.Full text Abstract
32. Peiris JS, Yu WC, Leung CW, et al. Re-emergence of fatal human influenza A subtype H5N1 disease. Lancet. 2004 Feb 21;363(9409):617-9.Full text Abstract
33. World Health Organization. Cumulative number of confirmed human cases for avian influenza A(H5N1) reported to WHO, 2003-2024, 26 February 2024. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text
34. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Technical report: highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text
35. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: avian influenza A(H5N1) - United States of America. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text
36. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC reports second human case of H5 bird flu tied to dairy cow outbreak. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
37. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in animals: interim recommendations for prevention, monitoring, and public health investigations. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on the use of antiviral medications for treatment of human infections with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection reported in a person in the U.S. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text
40. Victorian Government Department of Health. Human case of avian influenza (bird flu) detected in returned traveller to Victoria. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
41. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: avian influenza A(H5N1) - Viet Nam. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text
42. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: avian influenza A (H5N1) - Cambodia. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text
43. World Health Oragnization. Disease outbreak news: avian influenza A (H5N1) - Cambodia. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text
44. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: avian influenza A H5N1 - United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
45. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: human infection caused by avian Influenza A (H5N1) - Chile. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text
46. Castillo A, Fasce R, Parra B, et al. The first case of human infection with H5N1 avian Influenza A virus in Chile. J Travel Med. 2023 Sep 5;30(5):taad083.Full text Abstract
47. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Human infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in Chile. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text
48. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: avian influuenza A (H5N1) - Cambodia. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text
49. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: human infection caused by avian influenza A(H5) - Ecuador. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text
50. Bruno A, Alfaro-Núñez A, de Mora D, et al. First case of human infection with highly pathogenic H5 avian Influenza A virus in South America: A new zoonotic pandemic threat for 2023? J Travel Med. 2023 Sep 5;30(5):taad032.Full text Abstract
51. World Health Organization. Update: WHO-confirmed human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) infection, November 2003-May 2008. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008 Nov 14;83(46):415-20. Abstract
52. Le MQ, Horby P, Fox A, et al. Subclinical avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection in human, Vietnam. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Oct;19(10):1674-7.Full text Abstract
53. Capelastegui F, Smith J, Kumbang J, et al. Pilot of asymptomatic swabbing of humans following exposures to confirmed avian influenza A(H5) in avian species in England, 2021/2022. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2023 Aug;17(8):e13187.Full text Abstract
54. Aznar E, Casas I, González Praetorius A, et al. Influenza A(H5N1) detection in two asymptomatic poultry farm workers in Spain, September to October 2022: suspected environmental contamination. Euro Surveill. 2023 Feb;28(8):2300107.Full text Abstract
55. Oliver I, Roberts J, Brown CS, et al. A case of avian influenza A(H5N1) in England, January 2022. Euro Surveill. 2022 Feb;27(5):2200061.Full text Abstract
56. Qi Y, Ni HB, Chen X, et al. Seroprevalence of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus infection among humans in mainland China: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020 Sep;67(5):1861-71. Abstract
57. Gomaa MR, El Rifay AS, Abu Zeid D, et al. Incidence and seroprevalence of avian influenza in a cohort of backyard poultry growers, Egypt, Aug 2015-Mar 2019. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Sep;26(9):2129-36.Full text Abstract
58. Tong S, Zhu X, Li Y, et al. New world bats harbor diverse influenza A viruses. PLoS Pathog. 2013;9(10):e1003657.Full text Abstract
59. US Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service. Federal and state veterinary, public health agencies share update on HPAI detection in Kansas, Texas dairy herds. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text
60. Areechokchai D, Jiraphongsa C, Laosiritaworn Y, et al. Investigation of avian influenza (H5N1) outbreak in humans: Thailand, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2006 Apr 28;55(1):3-6.Full text Abstract
61. Dinh PN, Long HT, Tien NT, et al. Risk factors for human infection with avian influenza A H5N1, Vietnam, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006 Dec;12(12):1841-7.Full text Abstract
62. World Health Organization. Update on human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection, 2011. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2012 Mar 30;87(13):117-23.Full text Abstract
63. Mounts AW, Kwong H, Izurieta HS, et al. Case-control study of risk factors for avian influenza A (H5N1) disease, Hong Kong, 1997. J Infect Dis. 1999 Aug;180(2):505-8. Abstract
64. Zhou L, Liao Q, Dong L, et al. Risk factors for human illness with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in China. J Infect Dis. 2009 Jun 15;199(12):1726-34.Full text Abstract
65. Wan XF, Dong L, Lan Y, et al. Indications that live poultry markets are a major source of human H5N1 influenza virus infection in China. J Virol. 2011 Dec;85(24):13432-8.Full text Abstract
66. Cavailler P, Chu S, Ly S, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-H5 antibody in rural Cambodia, 2007. J Clin Virol. J Clin Virol. 2010 Jun;48(2):123-6. Abstract
67. Kandun IN, Tresnaningsih E, Purba WH, et al. Factors associated with case fatality of human H5N1 virus infections in Indonesia: a case series. Lancet. 2008 Aug 30;372(9640):744-9. Abstract
68. Horby P, Sudoyo H, Viprakasit V, et al. What is the evidence of a role for host genetics in susceptibility to influenza A/H5N1? Epidemiol Infect. 2010 Nov;138(11):1550-8.Full text Abstract
69. Human cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) in North-West Frontier Province, Pakistan, October-November 2007. Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 2008 Oct 3;83(40):359-64. Abstract
70. Aditama TY, Samaan G, Kusriastuti R, et al. Risk factors for cluster outbreaks of avian influenza A H5N1 infection, Indonesia. Clin Infect Dis. 2011 Dec;53(12):1237-44.Full text Abstract
71. Aditama TY, Samaan G, Kusriastuti R, et al. Avian influenza H5N1 transmission in households, Indonesia. PLoS One. 2012;7(1):e29971.Full text Abstract
72. Kandun IN, Wibisono H, Sedyaningsih ER, et al. Three Indonesian clusters of H5N1 virus infection in 2005. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 23;355(21):2186-94.Full text Abstract
73. Beigel JH, Farrar J, Han AM, et al. Avian influenza A (H5N1) infection in humans. N Engl J Med. 2005 Sep 29;353(13):1374-85.Full text Abstract
74. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current H5N1 bird flu situation in dairy cows. May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
75. Imai M, Watanabe T, Hatta M, et al. Experimental adaptation of an influenza H5 HA confers respiratory droplet transmission to a reassortant H5 HA/H1N1 virus in ferrets. Nature. 2012 May 2;486(7403):420-8.Full text Abstract
76. Neumann G, Macken CA, Karasin AI, et al. Egyptian H5N1 influenza viruses-cause for concern? PLoS Pathog. 2012;8(11):e1002932.Full text Abstract
77. Russell CA, Fonville JM, Brown AE, et al. The potential for respiratory droplet-transmissible A/H5N1 influenza virus to evolve in a mammalian host. Science. 2012 Jun 22;336(6088):1541-7.Full text Abstract
78. Uyeki TM, Bresee JS. Detecting human-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1). Emerg Infect Dis. 2007 Dec;13(12):1969-71.Full text Abstract
79. Refaey S, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Amin MM, et al. Increased number of human cases of influenza virus A(H5N1) infection, Egypt, 2014-15. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Dec;21(12):2171-3.Full text Abstract
80. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. Science. 2009 Jul 10;325(5937):197-201.Full text Abstract
81. Horimoto T, Kawaoka Y. Influenza: lessons from past pandemics, warnings from current incidents. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2005 Aug;3(8):591-600. Abstract
82. Yamada S, Suzuki Y, Suzuki T, et al. Haemagglutinin mutations responsible for the binding of H5N1 influenza A viruses to human-type receptors. Nature. 2006 Nov 16;444(7117):378-82. Abstract
83. van Riel D, Munster VJ, de Wit E, et al. H5N1 virus attachment to lower respiratory tract. Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):399. Abstract
84. Shu Y, Li CK, Li Z, et al. Avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses can directly infect and replicate in human gut tissues. J Infect Dis. 2010;201:1173-1177. Abstract
85. Chandrasekaran A, Srinivasan A, Raman R, et al. Glycan topology determines human adaptation of avian H5N1 virus hemagglutinin. Nat Biotechnol. 2008 Jan;26(1):107-13. Abstract
86. Auewarakul P, Suptawiwat O, Kongchanagul A, et al. An avian influenza H5N1 virus that binds to a human-type receptor. J Virol. 2007 Sep;81(18):9950-5.Full text Abstract
87. Chan MC, Cheung CY, Chui WH, et al. Proinflammatory cytokine responses induced by influenza A (H5N1) viruses in primary human alveolar and bronchial epithelial cells. Respir Res. 2005 Nov 11;6(1):135.Full text Abstract
88. de Jong MD, Simmons CP, Thanh TT, et al. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. Nat Med. 2006 Oct;12(10):1203-7.Full text Abstract
89. Gu J, Xie Z, Gao Z, et al. H5N1 infection of the respiratory tract and beyond: a molecular pathology study. Lancet. 2007 Sep 29;370(9593):1137-45. Abstract
90. Apisarnthanarak A, Erb S, Stephenson I, et al. Seroprevalence of anti-H5 antibody among Thai health care workers after exposure to avian influenza (H5N1) in a tertiary care center. Clin Infect Dis. 2005 Jan 15;40(2):e16-8. Abstract
91. Liem NT, Lim W. Lack of H5N1 avian influenza transmission to hospital employees, Hanoi, 2004. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Feb;11(2):210-5.Full text Abstract
92. Schultsz C, Dong VC, Chau NV, et al. Avian influenza H5N1 and healthcare workers. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005 Jul;11(7):1158-9.Full text Abstract
93. Ortiz JR, Katz MA, Mahmoud MN, et al. Lack of evidence of avian-to-human transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus among poultry workers, Kano, Nigeria, 2006. J Infect Dis. 2007 Dec 1;196(11):1685-91.Full text Abstract
94. UK Health Security Agency. Management of contacts of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 during the 2023 to 2024 avian influenza season. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text
95. Prieto-Lara E, Llanos-Mendez A. Safety and immunogenicity of prepandemic H5N1 influenza vaccines: a systematic review of the literature. Vaccine. 2010 Jun 11;28(26):4328-34. Abstract
96. Vesikari T, Forstén A, Herbinger KH, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of an MF59(®)-adjuvanted A/H5N1 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine in adults and the elderly. Vaccine. 2012 Feb 8;30(7):1388-96. Abstract
97. Langley JM, Risi G, Caldwell M, et al. Dose-sparing H5N1 A/Indonesia/05/2005 pre-pandemic influenza vaccine in adults and elderly adults: a phase III, placebo-controlled, randomized study. J Infect Dis. 2011 Jun 15;203(12):1729-38.Full text Abstract
98. US Food and Drug Administration. Influenza virus vaccine, H5N1 (for national stockpile). Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text
99. Qualls N, Levitt A, Kanade N, et al; CDC Community Mitigation Guidelines Work Group. Community mitigation guidelines to prevent pandemic influenza - United States, 2017. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2017 Apr 21;66(1):1-34.Full text Abstract
100. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Case definitions for investigations of human infection with avian influenza A viruses in the United States. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
101. World Health Organization. Interim guidelines for avian influenza case management. Sep 2007 [internet publication].Full text
102. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on testing and specimen collection for patients with suspected infection with novel influenza A viruses with the potential to cause severe disease in humans. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
103. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Enhanced surveillance of severe avian influenza virus infections in hospital settings in the EU/EEA. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
104. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance for infection control within healthcare settings when caring for confirmed cases, probable cases, and cases under investigation for infection with novel influenza A viruses associated with severe disease. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
105. World Health Organization. Collecting, preserving and shipping specimens for the diagnosis of avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infection. Oct 2006 [internet publication].Full text
106. UK Health Security Agency. Laboratory investigations for suspected avian influenza A(H7) and A(H5) human infections in England. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
107. World Health Organization. Guidelines for the clinical management of severe illness from influenza virus infections. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
108. American Academy of Pediatrics. Respiratory syncytial virus. In: Pickering LK, ed. Red book: 2006 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases, 27th ed. Elk Grove Village, IL: American Academy of Pediatrics; 2006:561.
109. UK Health Security Agency. Avian influenza: guidance for managing human cases. Feb 2024 [internet publication].Full text
110. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on follow-up of close contacts of persons infected with novel influenza A viruses and use of antiviral medications for chemoprophylaxis. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
111. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim guidance on influenza antiviral chemoprophylaxis of persons exposed to birds with avian influenza A viruses associated with severe human disease or with the potential to cause severe human disease. Mar 2022 [internet publication].Full text
112. Patel RB, Mathur MB, Gould M, et al. Demographic and clinical predictors of mortality from highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection: CART analysis of international cases. PLoS One. 2014 Mar 25;9(3):e91630.Full text Abstract
113. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Influenza antiviral medications: summary for clinicians. Dec 2023 [internet publication].Full text
114. Adisasmito W, Chan PK, Lee N, et al. Effectiveness of antiviral treatment in human influenza A (H5N1) infections: analysis of a Global Patient Registry. J Infect Dis. 2010 Oct 15;202(8):1154-60.Full text Abstract
115. Chan PK, Lee N, Zaman M, et al. Determinants of antiviral effectiveness in influenza virus A subtype H5N1. J Infect Dis. 2012 Nov;206(9):1359-66. Abstract
116. Duval X, van der Werf S, Blanchon T, et al. Efficacy of oseltamivir-zanamivir combination compared to each monotherapy for seasonal influenza: a randomized placebo-controlled trial. PLoS Med. 2010 Nov 2;7(11):e1000362.Full text Abstract
117. Kayali G, Webby RJ, Ducatez MF, et al. The epidemiological and molecular aspects of influenza H5N1 viruses at the human-animal interface in Egypt. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 21;6(3):e17730.Full text Abstract
118. Fiebig L, Soyka J, Buda S, et al. Avian influenza A(H5N1) in humans: new insights from a line list of World Health Organization confirmed cases, September 2006 to August 2010. Euro Surveill. 2011 Aug 11;16(32):19941.Full text Abstract
119. Arabi Y, Gomersall CD, Ahmed QA, et al. The critically ill avian influenza A (H5N1) patient. Crit Care Med. 2007 May;35(5):1397-403. Abstract
120. de Jong MD, Tran TT, Truong HK, et al. Oseltamivir resistance during treatment of influenza A (H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2667-2672.Full text Abstract
121. Le QM, Kiso M, Someya K, et al. Avian flu: isolation of drug-resistant H5N1 virus. Nature. 2005 Oct 20;437(7062):1108. Abstract
122. Le MT, Wertheim HF, Nguyen HD, et al. Influenza A H5N1 clade 2.3.4 virus with a different antiviral susceptibility profile replaced clade 1 virus in humans in northern Vietnam. PLoS One. 2008 Oct 6;3(10):e3339.Full text Abstract
123. Taylor WR, Thinh BN, Anh GT, et al. Oseltamivir is adequately absorbed following nasogastric administration to adult patients with severe H5N1 influenza. PLoS One. 2008;3(10):e3410.Full text Abstract
124. Zhou B, Zhong N, Guan Y. Treatment with convalescent plasma for influenza A (H5N1) infection. N Engl J Med. 2007 Oct 4;357(14):1450-1.Full text Abstract
125. Yu H, Gao Z, Feng Z, et al. Clinical characteristics of 26 human cases of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in China. PLoS One. 2008 Aug 21;3(8):e2985.Full text Abstract
126. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: health information for international travel. Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - influenza. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
127. World Health Organization. Zoonotic influenza A virus outbreak toolbox. Sep 2022 [internet publication].Full text
128. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care. Avian influenza in humans (bird flu). May 2024 [internet publication].Full text
129. UK Health Security Agency. Avian influenza: guidance, data and analysis. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
130. Lee CM, Hudson LD. Long-term outcomes after ARDS. Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2001 Jun;22(3):327-36. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer