References
Key articles
National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. August 2007 [internet publication].Full text
Global Initiative for Asthma. 2022 GINA report, global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2022 [internet publication.Full text
Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC); Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, Blake KV, et al. 2020 focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;146(6):1217-70.Full text Abstract
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. March 2021 [internet publication].Full text
British Thoracic Society; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. July 2019 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
1. National Institutes of Health; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program. Expert panel report 3: Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of asthma. August 2007 [internet publication].Full text
2. Weiler JM, Brannan JD, Randolph CC, et al. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction update: 2016. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Nov;138(5):1292-5.Full text Abstract
3. Moorman JE, Akinbami LJ, Bailey CM, et al. National surveillance of asthma: United States, 2001-2010. Vital Health Stat 3. 2012;35:1-67.Full text Abstract
4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Most recent national asthma data. March 2021 [internet publication].Full text
5. To T, Stanojevic S, Moores G, et al. Global asthma prevalence in adults: findings from the cross-sectional world health survey. BMC Public Health. 2012 Mar 19;12:204.Full text Abstract
6. Global Asthma Network. The global asthma report 2018 [internet publication].Full text
7. Masoli M, Fabian D, Holt S, et al; Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) Program. The global burden of asthma: executive summary of the GINA Dissemination Committee report. Allergy. 2004 May;59(5):469-78.Full text Abstract
8. Singh AM, Busse WW. Asthma exacerbations. 2: aetiology. Thorax. 2006 Sep;61(9):809-16.Full text Abstract
9. Wark PA, Gibson PG. Asthma exacerbations. 3: pathogenesis. Thorax. 2006 Oct;61(10):909-15.Full text Abstract
10. Shapiro SD, Owen CA. ADAM-33 surfaces as an asthma gene. N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 19;347(12):936-8. Abstract
11. Makoui MH, Imani D, Motallebnezhad M, et al. Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism and susceptibility to asthma: meta-analysis based on 17 case-control studies. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2020 Jan;124(1):57-69. Abstract
12. El-Husseini ZW, Gosens R, Dekker F, et al. The genetics of asthma and the promise of genomics-guided drug target discovery. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Oct;8(10):1045-56. Abstract
13. Ntontsi P, Photiades A, Zervas E, et al. Genetics and epigenetics in asthma. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Feb 27;22(5):2412.Full text Abstract
14. Restori KH, Srinivasa BT, Ward BJ, et al. Neonatal immunity, respiratory virus infections, and the development of asthma. Front Immunol. 2018;9:1249.Full text Abstract
15. Pietinalho A, Pelkonen A, Rytilä P. Linkage between smoking and asthma. Allergy. 2009 Dec;64(12):1722-7.Full text Abstract
16. Ferreira MA, Vonk JM, Baurecht H, et al. Shared genetic origin of asthma, hay fever and eczema elucidates allergic disease biology. Nat Genet. 2017 Dec;49(12):1752-57. Abstract
17. Joshi D, Duong M, Kirkland S, et al. Impact of electronic cigarette ever use on lung function in adults aged 45-85: a cross-sectional analysis from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. BMJ Open. 2021 Oct 27;11(10):e051519.Full text Abstract
18. Wills TA, Soneji SS, Choi K, et al. E-cigarette use and respiratory disorders: an integrative review of converging evidence from epidemiological and laboratory studies. Eur Respir J. 2021 Jan;57(1):1901815.Full text Abstract
19. Orellano P, Quaranta N, Reynoso J, et al. Effect of outdoor air pollution on asthma exacerbations in children and adults: systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2017 Mar 20;12(3):e0174050.Full text Abstract
20. Paterson CA, Sharpe RA, Taylor T, et al. Indoor PM2.5, VOCs and asthma outcomes: a systematic review in adults and their home environments. Environ Res. 2021 Nov;202:111631.Full text Abstract
21. See KC, Phua J, Lim TK. Trigger factors in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a single-centre cross-sectional study. Singapore Med J. 2016 Oct;57(10):561-5.Full text Abstract
22. van der Wiel E, ten Hacken NH, Postma DS, et al. Small-airways dysfunction associates with respiratory symptoms and clinical features of asthma: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Mar;131(3):646-57. Abstract
23. Saikumar Jayalatha AK, Hesse L, Ketelaar ME, et al. The central role of IL-33/IL-1RL1 pathway in asthma: From pathogenesis to intervention. Pharmacol Ther. 2021 Sep;225:107847.Full text Abstract
24. Ballow M. Biologic immune modifiers: trials and tribulations - are we there yet? J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Dec;118(6):1209-15. Abstract
25. Boyce JA. Asthma 2005-2006: bench to bedside. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Sep;118(3):582-6. Abstract
26. Cockcroft DW, Davis BE. Mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2006 Sep;118(3):551-9. Abstract
27. Kuruvilla ME, Vanijcharoenkarn K, Shih JA, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors for asthma. Respir Med. 2019 Mar;149:16-22.Full text Abstract
28. Gabryszewski SJ, Hill DA. One march, many paths: insights into allergic march trajectories. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Sep;127(3):293-300. Abstract
29. Polosa R, Thomson NC. Smoking and asthma: dangerous liaisons. Eur Respir J. 2013 Mar;41(3):716-26.Full text Abstract
30. Wold LE, Tarran R, Crotty Alexander LE, et al. Cardiopulmonary consequences of vaping in adolescents: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Res. 2022 Jul 22;131(3):e70-82.Full text Abstract
31. Feddema JJ, Claassen E. Prevalence of viral respiratory infections amongst asthmatics: Results of a meta-regression analysis. Respir Med. 2020 Nov;173:106020.Full text Abstract
32. Laidlaw TM, Mullol J, Woessner KM, et al. Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps and Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Mar;9(3):1133-1141.Full text Abstract
33. Langdon C, Mullol J. Nasal polyps in patients with asthma: prevalence, impact, and management challenges. J Asthma Allergy. 2016;9:45-53.Full text Abstract
34. Sharma V, Cowan DC. Obesity, inflammation, and severe asthma: an update. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2021 Dec 18;21(12):46.Full text Abstract
35. Miethe S, Karsonova A, Karaulov A, et al. Obesity and asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Oct;146(4):685-93.Full text Abstract
36. Xu M, Lodge CJ, Lowe AJ, et al. Are adults with asthma less physically active? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma. 2021 Nov;58(11):1426-43. Abstract
37. Xu S, Gilliland FD, Conti DV. Elucidation of causal direction between asthma and obesity: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study. Int J Epidemiol. 2019 Jun 1;48(3):899-907.Full text Abstract
38. Asamoah-Boaheng M, Farrell J, Osei Bonsu K, et al. Examining risk factors accelerating time-to-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) diagnosis among asthma patients. COPD. 2022;19(1):47-56.Full text Abstract
39. Shore SA. Obesity and asthma: possible mechanisms. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2008 May;121(5):1087-93. Abstract
40. King GG, Brown NJ, Diba C, et al. The effects of body weight on airway calibre. Eur Respir J. 2005 May;25(5):896-901.Full text Abstract
41. Zhu Z, Guo Y, Shi H, et al. Shared genetic and experimental links between obesity-related traits and asthma subtypes in UK Biobank. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Feb;145(2):537-49.Full text Abstract
42. Paoletti G, Melone G, Ferri S, et al. Gastroesophageal reflux and asthma: when, how, and why. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2021 Feb 1;21(1):52-58. Abstract
43. Cantarutti A, Barbiellini Amidei C, Valsecchi C, et al. Association of treated and untreated gastroesophageal reflux disease in the first year of life with the subsequent development of asthma. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Sep 13;18(18):9633. Abstract
44. Rogers L. Role of sleep apnea and gastroesophageal reflux in aevere asthma. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2016 Aug;36(3):461-71. Abstract
45. Kopsaftis Z, Yap HS, Tin KS, et al. Pharmacological and surgical interventions for the treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux in adults and children with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 17;5:CD001496.Full text Abstract
46. Prasad B, Nyenhuis SM, Imayama I, et al. Asthma and abstructive sleep apnea overlap: what has the evidence taught us? Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 Jun 1;201(11):1345-57.Full text Abstract
47. Kong DL, Qin Z, Shen H, et al. Association of obstructive sleep apnea with asthma: a meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2017 Jun 22;7(1):4088.Full text Abstract
48. British Thoracic Society. BTS clinical statement: asssessment and management of respiratory problems in athletic individuals. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text
49. Global Initiative for Asthma. 2022 GINA report, global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2022 [internet publication.Full text
50. Louis R, Satia I, Ojanguren I, et al. European Respiratory Society guidelines for the diagnosis of asthma in adults. Eur Respir J. 2022 Feb 15;2101585 [Epub ahead of print].Full text Abstract
51. Parsons JP, Hallstrand TS, Mastronarde JG, et al. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline: exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2013 May 1;187(9):1016-27.Full text Abstract
52. Cockcroft DD. Direct and indirect challenges in the clinical assessment of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2009 Nov;103(5):363-9. Abstract
53. Menzies-Gow A, Mansur AH, Brightling CE. Clinical utility of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in severe asthma management. Eur Respir J. 2020 Mar;55(3):1901633.Full text Abstract
54. Expert Panel Working Group of the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) administered and coordinated National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee (NAEPPCC); Cloutier MM, Baptist AP, Blake KV, et al. 2020 focused updates to the asthma management guidelines: a report from the National Asthma Education and Prevention Program Coordinating Committee Expert Panel Working Group. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020 Dec;146(6):1217-70.Full text Abstract
55. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Asthma: diagnosis, monitoring and chronic asthma management. March 2021 [internet publication].Full text
56. Kuo CR, Spears M, Haughney J, et al. Scottish consensus statement on the role of FeNO in adult asthma. Respir Med. 2019 Aug;155:54-7.Full text Abstract
57. British Thoracic Society; Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma: a national clinical guideline. July 2019 [internet publication].Full text
58. Dweik RA, Boggs PB, Erzurum SC, et al. An official ATS clinical practice guideline: interpretation of exhaled nitric oxide levels (FENO) for clinical applications. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Sep 1;184(5):602-15.Full text Abstract
59. Powell H, Murphy VE, Taylor DR, et al. Management of asthma in pregnancy guided by measurement of fraction of exhaled nitric oxide: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Sep 10;378(9795):983-90. Abstract
60. Honkoop PJ, Loijmans RJ, Termeer EH, et al; Asthma Control Cost-Utility Randomized Trial Evaluation (ACCURATE) Study Group. Symptom-and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide-driven strategies for asthma control: a cluster-randomized trial in primary care. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2015 Mar;135(3):682-8. Abstract
61. Petsky HL, Kew KM, Turner C, et al. Exhaled nitric oxide levels to guide treatment for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 1;(9):CD011440.Full text Abstract
62. Petsky HL, Li A, Chang AB. Tailored interventions based on sputum eosinophils versus clinical symptoms for asthma in children and adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Aug 24;(8):CD005603.Full text Abstract
63. Khatri SB, Iaccarino JM, Barochia A, et al. Use of fractional exhaled nitric oxide to guide the treatment of asthma: an official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2021 Nov 15;204(10):e97-e109.Full text Abstract
64. British Thoracic Society and Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. British guideline on the management of asthma. July 2019 [internet publication].Full text
65. Carden KA, Boiselle PM, Waltz DA, et al. Tracheomalacia and tracheobronchomalacia in children and adults. An in-depth review. Chest. 2005 Mar;127(3):984-1005.Full text Abstract
66. Lee KS, Sun MRM, Ernst A, et al. Comparison of dynamic expiratory CT with bronchoscopy for diagnosing airway malacia: a pilot evaluation. Chest. 2007 Mar;131(3):758-64.Full text Abstract
67. Canadian Thoracic Society. Canadian Thoracic Society 2021 guideline update: diagnosis and management of asthma in preschoolers, children and adults. August 2021 [internet publication].Full text
68. Canadian Thoracic Society. Recognition and management of severe asthma: a Canadian Thoracic Society position statement. 2017 [internet publication].Full text
69. Global Initiative for Asthma. Diagnosis and management of difficult-to-treat & severe asthma. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
70. National Asthma Council. Australian asthma handbook: the national guidelines for health professionals. April 2022 [internet publication].Full text
71. Nakamura Y, Tamaoki J, Nagase H, et al. Japanese guidelines for adult asthma 2020. Allergol Int. 2020 Oct;69(4):519-48.Full text Abstract
72. Reddel HK, Taylor DR, Bateman ED, et al. An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: asthma control and exacerbations: standardizing endpoints for clinical asthma trials and clinical practice. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2009 Jul 1;180(1):59-99.Full text Abstract
73. Global Initiative for Asthma. Pocket guide for asthma management and prevention. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
74. Ahmad S, Kew KM, Normansell R. Stopping long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) for adults with asthma well controlled by LABA and inhaled corticosteroids. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jun 19;(6):CD011306.Full text Abstract
75. Hodkinson A, Bower P, Grigoroglou C, et al. Self-management interventions to reduce healthcare use and improve quality of life among patients with asthma: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2020 Aug 18;370:m2521.Full text Abstract
76. Nyenhuis SM, Kahwash B, Cooke A, et al. Recommendations for physical activity in asthma: a work group report of the AAAAI Sports, Exercise, and Fitness Committee. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Feb;10(2):433-43. Abstract
77. Kahwash BM, Gregory KL, Sharp LK, et al. Results from a national survey of asthma provider beliefs and practices regarding exercise and asthma: a work group report of the AAAAI Committee on Sports, Exercise, and Fitness. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Jul;10(7):1778-83.Full text Abstract
78. Quirce S, Domínguez-Ortega J, Luna JA. Novel approaches in occupational asthma diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2021 Jan;27(1):9-14.Full text Abstract
79. Leas BF, D'Anci KE, Apter AJ, et al. Effectiveness of indoor allergen reduction in asthma management: a systematic review. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2018 May;141(5):1854-69.Full text Abstract
80. Okoniewski W, Lu KD, Forno E. Weight loss for children and adults with obesity and asthma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2019 May;16(5):613-25.Full text Abstract
81. Thompson CA, Eslick SR, Berthon BS, et al. Asthma medication use in obese and healthy weight asthma: systematic review/meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2021 Mar;57(3):2000612.Full text Abstract
82. Hossain N, Arhi C, Borg CM. Is bariatric surgery better than nonsurgical weight loss for improving asthma control? A Systematic Review. Obes Surg. 2021 Apr;31(4):1810-32. Abstract
83. Santino TA, Chaves GS, Freitas DA, et al. Breathing exercises for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 25;(3):CD001277.Full text Abstract
84. Lee C, Alexander E, Lee R, et al. Behavioral interventions for asthma self-management in South Asian populations: a systematic review. J Asthma. 2021 Jan;58(1):112-20. Abstract
85. Lazarinis N, Jørgensen L, Ekström T, et al. Combination of budesonide/formoterol on demand improves asthma control by reducing exercise-induced bronchoconstriction. Thorax. 2014 Feb;69(2):130-6.Full text Abstract
86. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Drug safety communication: FDA requires boxed warning about serious mental health side effects for asthma and allergy drug montelukast (Singulair); advises restricting use for allergic rhinitis. March 2020 [internet publication].Full text
87. Welsh EJ, Cates CJ. Formoterol versus short-acting beta-agonists as relief medication for adults and children with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Sep 8;(9):CD008418.Full text Abstract
88. O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Inhaled combined budesonide-formoterol as needed in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 17;378(20):1865-76.Full text Abstract
89. Beasley R, Holliday M, Reddel HK, et al. Controlled trial of budesonide-formoterol as needed for mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2019 May 23;380(21):2020-30.Full text Abstract
90. Hardy J, Baggott C, Fingleton J, et al. Budesonide-formoterol reliever therapy versus maintenance budesonide plus terbutaline reliever therapy in adults with mild to moderate asthma (PRACTICAL): a 52-week, open-label, multicentre, superiority, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 Sep 14;394(10202):919-28. Abstract
91. Crossingham I, Turner S, Ramakrishnan S, et al. Combination fixed-dose beta agonist and steroid inhaler as required for adults or children with mild asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 May 4;(5):CD013518.Full text Abstract
92. O'Byrne PM, FitzGerald JM, Bateman ED, et al. Effect of a single day of increased as-needed budesonide-formoterol use on short-term risk of severe exacerbations in patients with mild asthma: a post-hoc analysis of the SYGMA 1 study. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Feb;9(2):149-58. Abstract
93. Nwaru BI, Ekström M, Hasvold P, et al. Overuse of short-acting β2-agonists in asthma is associated with increased risk of exacerbation and mortality: a nationwide cohort study of the global SABINA programme. Eur Respir J. 2020 Apr;55(4):1901872.Full text Abstract
94. Stanford RH, Shah MB, D'Souza AO, et al. Short-acting β-agonist use and its ability to predict future asthma-related outcomes. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2012 Dec;109(6):403-7. Abstract
95. Bloom CI, Cabrera C, Arnetorp S, et al. Asthma-related health outcomes associated with short-acting β2-agonist inhaler use: an observational UK study as part of the SABINA global program. Adv Ther. 2020 Oct;37(10):4190-208.Full text Abstract
96. Amin S, Soliman M, McIvor A, et al. Usage patterns of short-acting β2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids in asthma: a targeted literature review. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Sep;8(8):2556-64. Abstract
97. Kaplan AG, Correia-de-Sousa J, McIvor A, et al. Global quality statements on reliever use in asthma in adults and children older than 5 years of age. Adv Ther. 2021 Mar;38(3):1382-96.Full text Abstract
98. Bateman ED, Reddel HK, O'Byrne PM, et al. As-needed budesonide-formoterol versus maintenance budesonide in mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2018 May 17;378(20):1877-87.Full text Abstract
99. Janjua S, Schmidt S, Ferrer M, et al. Inhaled steroids with and without regular formoterol for asthma: serious adverse events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Sep 25;(9):CD006924.Full text Abstract
100. Papi A, Canonica GW, Maestrelli P, et al. Rescue use of beclomethasone and albuterol in a single inhaler for mild asthma. N Engl J Med. 2007 May 17;356(20):2040-52.Full text Abstract
101. Martinez FD, Chinchilli VM, Morgan WJ, et al. Use of beclomethasone dipropionate as rescue treatment for children with mild persistent asthma (TREXA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011 Feb 19;377(9766):650-7. Abstract
102. Calhoun WJ, Ameredes BT, King TS, et al. Comparison of physician-, biomarker-, and symptom-based strategies for adjustment of inhaled corticosteroid therapy in adults with asthma: the BASALT randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2012 Sep 12;308(10):987-97.Full text Abstract
103. Sumino K, Bacharier LB, Taylor J, et al. A pragmatic trial of symptom-based inhaled corticosteroid use in African-American children with mild asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Jan;8(1):176-85.Full text Abstract
104. Chauhan BF, Ducharme FM. Anti-leukotriene agents compared to inhaled corticosteroids in the management of recurrent and/or chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 May 16;(5):CD002314.Full text Abstract
105. Ni Chroinin M, Greenstone I, Lasserson TJ, et al. Addition of inhaled long-acting beta2-agonists to inhaled steroids as first line therapy for persistent asthma in steroid-naive adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Oct 7;(4):CD005307.Full text Abstract
106. O'Shea O, Stovold E, Cates CJ. Regular treatment with formoterol and an inhaled corticosteroid versus regular treatment with salmeterol and an inhaled corticosteroid for chronic asthma: serious adverse events. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 14;4:CD007694.Full text Abstract
107. Virchow JC, Backer V, Kuna P, et al. Efficacy of a house dust mite sublingual allergen immunotherapy tablet in adults with allergic asthma: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Apr 26;315(16):1715-25.Full text Abstract
108. Mosbech H, Deckelmann R, de Blay F, et al. Standardized quality (SQ) house dust mite sublingual immunotherapy tablet (ALK) reduces inhaled corticosteroid use while maintaining asthma control: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2014 Sep;134(3):568-75.Full text Abstract
109. Fortescue R, Kew KM, Leung MST. Sublingual immunotherapy for asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Sep 14;(9):CD011293.Full text Abstract
110. Calderón MA, Bacharier LB. Controversies in allergy: a pro/con review of rublingual allergen immunotherapy and allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 May;9(5):1818-25. Abstract
111. Cates CJ, Karner C. Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus current best practice (including inhaled steroid maintenance), for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD007313.Full text Abstract
112. Kew KM, Karner C, Mindus SM, et al. Combination formoterol and budesonide as maintenance and reliever therapy versus combination inhaler maintenance for chronic asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Dec 16;(12):CD009019.Full text Abstract
113. Papi A, Corradi M, Pigeon-Francisco C, et al. Beclometasone-formoterol as maintenance and reliever treatment in patients with asthma: a double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Mar;1(1):23-31. Abstract
114. Patel M, Pilcher J, Pritchard A, et al. Efficacy and safety of maintenance and reliever combination budesonide-formoterol inhaler in patients with asthma at risk of severe exacerbations: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2013 Mar;1(1):32-42. Abstract
115. Bateman ED, Harrison TW, Quirce S, et al. Overall asthma control achieved with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy for patients on different treatment steps. Respir Res. 2011 Apr 4;12:38.Full text Abstract
116. Jorup C, Lythgoe D, Bisgaard H. Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy in adolescent patients with asthma. Eur Respir J. 2018 Jan;51(1):1701688.Full text Abstract
117. Demoly P, Louis R, Søes-Petersen U, et al. Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy versus conventional best practice. Respir Med. 2009 Nov;103(11):1623-32.Full text Abstract
118. Rogliani P, Ritondo BL, Ora J, et al. SMART and as-needed therapies in mild-to-severe asthma: a network meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2020 Sep;56(3):2000625.Full text Abstract
119. O'Byrne PM, Naya IP, Kallen A, et al. Increasing doses of inhaled corticosteroids compared to adding long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists in achieving asthma control. Chest. 2008 Dec;134(6):1192-9.Full text Abstract
120. Sobieraj DM, Baker WL, Nguyen E, et al. Association of inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting muscarinic antagonists with asthma control in patients with uncontrolled, persistent asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018 Apr 10;319(14):1473-84.Full text Abstract
121. Kew KM, Dahri K. Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) added to combination long-acting beta2-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids (LABA/ICS) versus LABA/ICS for adults with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jan 21;(1):CD011721.Full text Abstract
122. Kerstjens HAM, Maspero J, Chapman KR, et al. Once-daily, single-inhaler mometasone-indacaterol-glycopyrronium versus mometasone-indacaterol or twice-daily fluticasone-salmeterol in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (IRIDIUM): a randomised, double-blind, controlled phase 3 study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020 Oct;8(10):1000-12. Abstract
123. Kim LHY, Saleh C, Whalen-Browne A, et al. Triple vs dual inhaler therapy and asthma outcomes in moderate to severe asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2021 Jun 22;325(24):2466-79. Abstract
124. Lee LA, Bailes Z, Barnes N, et al. Efficacy and safety of once-daily single-inhaler triple therapy (FF/UMEC/VI) versus FF/VI in patients with inadequately controlled asthma (CAPTAIN): a double-blind, randomised, phase 3A trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Jan;9(1):69-84. Abstract
125. Virchow JC, Kuna P, Paggiaro P, et al. Single inhaler extrafine triple therapy in uncontrolled asthma (TRIMARAN and TRIGGER): two double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, controlled phase 3 trials. Lancet. 2019 Nov 9;394(10210):1737-49. Abstract
126. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Bronchial thermoplasty for severe asthma. December 2018 [internet publication].Full text
127. Hiles SA, McDonald VM, Guilhermino M, et al. Does maintenance azithromycin reduce asthma exacerbations? An individual participant data meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2019 Nov;54(5):1901381.Full text Abstract
128. Undela K, Goldsmith L, Kew KM, et al. Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 22;11:CD002997.Full text Abstract
129. Gibson PG, Yang IA, Upham JW, et al. Effect of azithromycin on asthma exacerbations and quality of life in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma (AMAZES): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Aug 12;390(10095):659-68. Abstract
130. Zaroff JG, Cheetham TC, Palmetto N, et al. Association of azithromycin use with cardiovascular mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2020 Jun 1;3(6):e208199.Full text Abstract
131. Busby J, Khoo E, Pfeffer PE, et al. The effects of oral corticosteroids on lung function, type-2 biomarkers and patient-reported outcomes in stable asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2020 Nov;173:106156. Abstract
132. Volmer T, Effenberger T, Trautner C, et al. Consequences of long-term oral corticosteroid therapy and its side-effects in severe asthma in adults: a focused review of the impact data in the literature. Eur Respir J. 2018 Oct;52(4):1800703.Full text Abstract
133. Cataldo D, Louis R, Michils A, et al. Severe asthma: oral corticosteroid alternatives and the need for optimal referral pathways. J Asthma. 2021 Apr;58(4):448-58.Full text Abstract
134. Chalitsios CV, Shaw DE, McKeever TM. Risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in asthma due to oral and inhaled corticosteroids: two population-based nested case-control studies. Thorax. 2021 Jan;76(1):21-8.Full text Abstract
135. Bardelas J, Figliomeni M, Kianifard F, et al. A 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study to evaluate the effect of omalizumab on asthma control in patients with persistent allergic asthma. J Asthma. 2012 Mar;49(2):144-52. Abstract
136. Hanania NA, Alpan O, Hamilos DL, et al. Omalizumab in severe allergic asthma inadequately controlled with standard therapy: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2011 May 3;154(9):573-82.Full text Abstract
137. Norman G, Faria R, Paton F, et al. Omalizumab for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2013 Nov;17(52):1-342.Full text Abstract
138. Hambly N, Nair P. Monoclonal antibodies for the treatment of refractory asthma. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014 Jan;20(1):87-94. Abstract
139. Laviolette M, Gossage DL, Gauvreau G, et al. Effects of benralizumab on airway eosinophils in asthmatic patients with sputum eosinophilia. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2013 Nov;132(5):1086-96. Abstract
140. Wenzel S, Ford L, Pearlman D, et al. Dupilumab in persistent asthma with elevated eosinophil levels. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 27;368(26):2455-66.Full text Abstract
141. Menzies-Gow A, Corren J, Bourdin A, et al. Tezepelumab in adults and adolescents with severe, uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2021 May 13;384(19):1800-9. Abstract
142. Wang M, Liu M, Wang C, et al. Association between vitamin D status and asthma control: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Respir Med. 2019 Apr;150:85-94.Full text Abstract
143. Busse W, Corren J, Lanier BQ, et al. Omalizumab, anti-IgE recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of severe allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001 Aug;108(2):184-90.Full text Abstract
144. Alhossan A, Lee CS, MacDonald K. et al. "Real-life" effectiveness studies of omalizumab in adult patients with severe allergic asthma: meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. Sep-Oct 2017;5(5):1362-70. Abstract
145. MacDonald KM, Kavati A, Ortiz B, et al. Short- and long-term real-world effectiveness of omalizumab in severe allergic asthma: systematic review of 42 studies published 2008-2018. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2019 May;15(5):553-69.Full text Abstract
146. Faulkner KM, MacDonald K, Abraham I, et al. 'Real-world' effectiveness of omalizumab in adults with severe allergic asthma: a meta-analysis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2021 Jan;17(1):73-83. Abstract
147. Colombo GL, Di Matteo S, Martinotti C, et al. Omalizumab and long-term quality of life outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe allergic asthma: a systematic review. Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2019 Jan-Dec;13:1753466619841350.Full text Abstract
148. Tourangeau LM, Kavanaugh A, Wasserman SI. The role of monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of severe asthma. Ther Adv Resp Dis. 2011 Jun;5(3):183-94.Full text Abstract
149. Pavord ID, Korn S, Howarth P, et al. Mepolizumab for severe eosinophilic asthma (DREAM): a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2012 Aug 18;380(9842):651-9. Abstract
150. Liu Y, Zhang S, Li DW, et al. Efficacy of anti-interleukin-5 therapy with mepolizumab in patients with asthma: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. 2013;8(3):e59872.Full text Abstract
151. Bel EH, Wenzel SE, Thompson PJ, et al; SIRIUS Investigators. Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of mepolizumab in eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 25;371(13):1189-97.Full text Abstract
152. Ortega HG, Liu MC, Pavord ID, et al; MENSA Investigators. Mepolizumab treatment in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 25;371(13):1198-207.Full text Abstract
153. Albers FC, Papi A, Taillé C, et al. Mepolizumab reduces exacerbations in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, irrespective of body weight/body mass index: meta-analysis of MENSA and MUSCA. Respir Res. 2019 Jul 30;20(1):169.Full text Abstract
154. Ortega H, Menzies-Gow A, Llanos JP, et al. Rapid and consistent improvements in morning PEF in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with mepolizumab. Adv Ther. 2018 Jul;35(7):1059-68.Full text Abstract
155. Yan K, Balijepalli C, Sharma R, et al. Reslizumab and mepolizumab for moderate-to-severe poorly controlled asthma: an indirect comparison meta-analysis. Immunotherapy. 2019 Dec;11(17):1491-505. Abstract
156. Bleecker ER, FitzGerald JM, Chanez P, et al; SIROCCO Study Investigators. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab for patients with severe asthma uncontrolled with high-dosage inhaled corticosteroids and long-acting beta-2 agonists (SIROCCO): a randomised, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 29;388(10056):2115-27. Abstract
157. FitzGerald JM, Bleecker ER, Nair P, et al; CALIMA Study Investigators. Benralizumab, an anti-interleukin-5 receptor α monoclonal antibody, as add-on treatment for patients with severe, uncontrolled, eosinophilic asthma (CALIMA): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016 Oct 29;388(10056):2128-41. Abstract
158. Nair P, Wenzel S, Rabe KF, et al; ZONDA Trial Investigators. Oral glucocorticoid-sparing effect of benralizumab in severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 22;376(25):2448-58.Full text Abstract
159. Harrison TW, Chanez P, Menzella F, et al. Onset of effect and impact on health-related quality of life, exacerbation rate, lung function, and nasal polyposis symptoms for patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (ANDHI): a randomised, controlled, phase 3b trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Mar;9(3):260-74. Abstract
160. Menzies-Gow A, Gurnell M, Heaney LG, et al. Oral corticosteroid elimination via a personalised reduction algorithm in adults with severe, eosinophilic asthma treated with benralizumab (PONENTE): a multicentre, open-label, single-arm study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Jan;10(1):47-58.Full text Abstract
161. Wechsler ME, Ford LB, Maspero JF, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of dupilumab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma (TRAVERSE): an open-label extension study. Lancet Respir Med. 2022 Jan;10(1):11-25. Abstract
162. Gallagher A, Edwards M, Nair P, et al. Anti-interleukin-13 and anti-interleukin-4 agents versus placebo, anti-interleukin-5 or anti-immunoglobulin-E agents, for people with asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Oct 19;10:CD012929.Full text Abstract
163. Corren J, Parnes JR, Wang L, et al. Tezepelumab in adults with uncontrolled asthma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Sep 7;377(10):936-46.Full text Abstract
164. Chan R, Stewart K, Misirovs R, et al. Targeting downstream type 2 cytokines or upstream epithelial alarmins for severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2022 Feb 5 [Epub ahead of print].Full text Abstract
165. Castro M, Rubin AS, Laviolette M, et al. Effectiveness and safety of bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe asthma: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2010 Jan 15;181(2):116-24.Full text Abstract
166. Wahidi MM, Kraft M. Bronchial thermoplasty for severe asthma. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2012 Apr 1;185(7):709-14.Full text Abstract
167. Torrego A, Solà I, Munoz AM, et al. Bronchial thermoplasty for moderate or severe persistent asthma in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 3;(3):CD009910.Full text Abstract
168. Chaudhuri R, Rubin A, Sumino K, et al. Safety and effectiveness of bronchial thermoplasty after 10 years in patients with persistent asthma (BT10+): a follow-up of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 May;9(5):457-66. Abstract
169. Rodrigo GJ, Neffen H, Castro-Rodriguez JA. Efficacy and safety of subcutaneous omalizumab vs placebo as add-on therapy to corticosteroids for children and adults with asthma: a systematic review. Chest. 2011 Jan;139(1):28-35.Full text Abstract
170. Corren J, Lemanske RF, Hanania NA, et al. Lebrikizumab treatment in adults with asthma. N Engl J Med. 2011 Sep 22;365(12):1088-98.Full text Abstract
171. Hanania NA, Noonan M, Corren J, et al. Lebrikizumab in moderate-to-severe asthma: pooled data from two randomised placebo-controlled studies. Thorax. 2015 Aug;70(8):748-56.Full text Abstract
172. Hanania NA, Korenblat P, Chapman KR, et al. Efficacy and safety of lebrikizumab in patients with uncontrolled asthma (LAVOLTA I and LAVOLTA II): replicate, phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Lancet Respir Med. 2016 Oct;4(10):781-96. Abstract
173. Korenblat P, Sher E, Berman G, et al. P069 effect of lebrikizumab on lung function in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2021 Nov 1;127(5):S34.Full text
174. Szefler SJ, Roberts G, Rubin AS, et al. Efficacy, safety, and tolerability of lebrikizumab in adolescent patients with uncontrolled asthma (ACOUSTICS). Clin Transl Allergy. 2022 Jul;12(7):e12176.Full text Abstract
175. Kosloski MP, Kalliolias GD, Xu CR, et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of itepekimab in healthy adults and patients with asthma: Phase I first-in-human and first-in-patient trials. Clin Transl Sci. 2022 Feb;15(2):384-95.Full text Abstract
176. Wechsler ME, Ruddy MK, Pavord ID, et al. Efficacy and safety of itepekimab in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 28;385(18):1656-68.Full text Abstract
177. Rabe KF, Celli BR, Wechsler ME, et al. Safety and efficacy of itepekimab in patients with moderate-to-severe COPD: a genetic association study and randomised, double-blind, phase 2a trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2021 Nov;9(11):1288-98. Abstract
178. Chen Z, Peng C, Mei J, et al. Vitamin D can safely reduce asthma exacerbations among corticosteroid-using children and adults with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Res. 2021 Aug;92:49-61. Abstract
179. Andújar-Espinosa R, Salinero-González L, Illán-Gómez F, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on asthma control in patients with vitamin D deficiency: the ACVID randomised clinical trial. Thorax. 2021 Feb;76(2):126-33.Full text Abstract
180. Martineau AR, Cates CJ, Urashima M, et al. Vitamin D for the management of asthma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Sep 5;(9):CD011511.Full text Abstract
181. Jolliffe DA, Greenberg L, Hooper RL, et al. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent asthma exacerbations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. Lancet Respir Med. 2017 Nov;5(11):881-90.Full text Abstract
182. Litonjua AA, Carey VJ, Laranjo N, et al. Six-year follow-up of a trial of antenatal vitamin D for asthma reduction. N Engl J Med. 2020 Feb 6;382(6):525-33.Full text Abstract
183. Forno E, Bacharier LB, Phipatanakul W, et al. Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on severe asthma exacerbations in children with asthma and low vitamin D levels: the VDKA randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2020 Aug 25;324(8):752-60.Full text Abstract
184. Toward Optimized Practice (Alberta Doctors). Chronic asthma. April 2018 [internet publication].Full text
185. Holguin F, Cardet JC, Chung KF, et al. Management of severe asthma: a European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society guideline. Eur Respir J. 2020 Jan 2;55(1):1900588.Full text Abstract
186. Agache I, Akdis CA, Akdis M, et al. EAACI biologicals guidelines: recommendations for severe asthma. Allergy. 2021 Jan;76(1):14-44.Full text Abstract
187. Smith D, Du Rand I, Addy CL, et al. British Thoracic Society guideline for the use of long-term macrolides in adults with respiratory disease. Thorax. 2020 May;75(5):370-404.Full text Abstract
188. Agache I, Lau S, Akdis CA, et al. EAACI guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: house dust mite-driven allergic asthma. Allergy. 2019 May;74(5):855-73.Full text Abstract
189. Sears MR, Greene JM, Willan AR, et al. A longitudinal, population-based, cohort study of childhood asthma followed to adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 9;349(15):1414-22.Full text Abstract
190. Phelan PD, Robertson CF, Olinksy A. The Melbourne Asthma Study: 1964-1999. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2002 Feb;109(2):189-94. Abstract
191. James AL, Palmer LJ, Kicic E, et al. Decline in lung function in the Busselton Health Study: the effects of asthma and cigarette smoking. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005 Jan 15;171(2):109-14.Full text Abstract
192. James AL, Wenzel S. Clinical relevance of airway remodelling in airway diseases. Eur Respir J. 2007 Jul;30(1):134-55.Full text Abstract
193. Bai TR, Vonk JM, Postma DS, et al. Severe exacerbations predict excess lung function decline in asthma. Eur Respir J. 2007 Sep;30(3):452-6.Full text Abstract
194. Tupper OD, Andersen ZJ, Ulrik CS. Demographic, lifestyle and comorbid risk factors for all-cause mortality in a Danish cohort of middle-aged adults with incident asthma. BMJ Open. 2021 Oct 4;11(10):e049243.Full text Abstract
195. Tan DJ, Bui DS, Dai X, et al. Does the use of inhaled corticosteroids in asthma benefit lung function in the long-term? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir Rev. 2021 Mar 31;30(159):200185.Full text Abstract
196. Slade DJ, Kraft M. Airway remodeling from bench to bedside: current perspectives. Clin Chest Med. 2006 Mar;27(1):71-85. Abstract
197. Mascia K, Haselkorn T, Deniz YM, et al. Aspirin sensitivity and severity of asthma: evidence for irreversible airway obstruction in patients with severe or difficult-to-treat asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005 Nov;116(5):970-5. Abstract
198. Riley IL, Jackson B, Crabtree D, et al. A scoping review of international barriers to asthma medication adherence mapped to the theoretical domains framework. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Jan;9(1):410-8.e4. Abstract
199. van de Hei SJ, Dierick BJH, Aarts JEP, et al. Personalized medication adherence management in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a review of effective interventions and development of a practical adherence toolkit. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021 Nov;9(11):3979-94.Full text Abstract
200. Murphy J, McSharry J, Hynes L, et al. Prevalence and predictors of adherence to inhaled corticosteroids in young adults (15-30 years) with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Asthma. 2021 May;58(5):683-705. Abstract
201. Chongmelaxme B, Lee S, Dhippayom T, et al. The effects of telemedicine on asthma control and patients' quality of life in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019 Jan;7(1):199-216. Abstract
202. Jeminiwa R, Hohmann L, Qian J, et al. Impact of eHealth on medication adherence among patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Respir Med. 2019 Mar;149:59-68.Full text Abstract
203. Unni E, Gabriel S, Ariely R. A review of the use and effectiveness of digital health technologies in patients with asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2018 Dec;121(6):680-91.Full text Abstract
204. Mes MA, Katzer CB, Chan AHY, et al. Pharmacists and medication adherence in asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Respir J. 2018 Aug 23;52(2):1800485.Full text Abstract
205. Jia X, Zhou S, Luo D, et al. Effect of pharmacist-led interventions on medication adherence and inhalation technique in adult patients with asthma or COPD: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2020 Oct;45(5):904-17.Full text Abstract
206. Muneswarao J, Hassali MA, Ibrahim B, et al. Effectiveness of home visits in adult patients with asthma: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2020 Oct;8(9):3036-55. Abstract
207. Zhang Y, Cheng J, Li Y, et al. Suicidality among patients with asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord. 2019 Sep 1;256:594-603. Abstract
208. Kobayashi M, Farrar JL, Gierke R, et al. Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Jan 28;71(4):109-17.Full text Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer