Superficial vein thrombosis

References

Key articles

Stevens SM, Woller SC, Kreuziger LB, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Full text  Abstract

Kakkos SK, Gohel M, Baekgaard N, et al. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2021 clinical practice guidelines on the management of venous thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2021 Jan;61(1):9-82.Full text  Abstract

Thrombosis Canada. Superficial thrombophlebitis, superficial vein thrombosis. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 25;(2):CD004982.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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31. Wiegers HMG, Körmendiné Farkas D, Horváth-Puhó E, et al. Incidence and prognosis of superficial vein thrombosis during pregnancy and the post-partum period: a Danish nationwide cohort study. Lancet Haematol. 2023 May;10(5):e359-66. Abstract

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34. Tepper NK, Marchbanks PA, Curtis KM. Superficial venous disease and combined hormonal contraceptives: a systematic review. Contraception. 2016 Sep;94(3):275-9.Full text  Abstract

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38. de Moerloose P, Wutschert R, Heinzmann M, et al. Superficial vein thrombosis of lower limbs: influence of factor V Leiden, factor II G20210A and overweight. Thromb Haemost. 1998 Aug;80(2):239-41. Abstract

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40. Gorski G, Noszczyk W, Kostewicz W, et al. Progress of local symptoms of superficial vein thrombosis vs. duplex findings. Vasa. 2004 Nov;33(4):219-25. Abstract

41. Di Minno MN, Ambrosino P, Ambrosini F, et al. Prevalence of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with superficial vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2016 May;14(5):964-72.Full text  Abstract

42. Marchiori A, Mosena L, Prandoni P. Superficial vein thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2006 Oct;32(7):737-43. Abstract

43. Neher JO, Safranek S, Greenwald JL. Clinical inquiries: what is the best therapy for superficial thrombophlebitis? J Fam Pract. 2004 Jul;53(7):583-5. Abstract

44. Decousus H, Epinat M, Guillot K, et al. Superficial vein thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis and treatment. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2003 Sep;9(5):393-7. Abstract

45. Beyer-Westendorf J. Controversies in venous thromboembolism: to treat or not to treat superficial vein thrombosis. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2017 Dec 8;2017(1):223-30.Full text  Abstract

46. Gjores JE. Surgical therapy of ascending thrombophlebitis in the saphenous system. Angiology. 1962 May;13:241-3. Abstract

47. Barrelier MI. Thromboses veineuses superficielles des membres inférieurs [in French]. Actual Vasc Int. 1993;17:7-9.

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50. Bounameaux H, Reber-Wasem MA. Superficial thrombophlebitis and deep vein thrombosis: a controversial association. Arch Int Med. 1997 Sep 8;157(16):1822-4. Abstract

51. Wells PS, Owen C, Doucette S, et al. Does this patient have deep vein thrombosis? JAMA. 2006 Jan 11;295(2):199-207. Abstract

52. Pulliam CW, Barr SL, Ewing AB. Venous duplex scanning in the diagnosis and treatment of progressive superficial thrombophlebitis. Ann Vasc Surg. 1991 Mar;5(2):190-5. Abstract

53. Hedderich GS, O'Connor RJ, Reid EC, et al. Caval tumor thrombus complicating renal cell carcinoma: a surgical challenge. Surgery. 1987 Oct;102(4):614-21. Abstract

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55. Hettiarachchi RJ, Lok J, Prins MH, et al. Undiagnosed malignancy in patients with deep vein thrombosis: incidence, risk indicators, and diagnosis. Cancer. 1998 Jul 1;83(1):180-5. Abstract

56. Quenet S, Laporte S, Decousus H, et al. Factors predictive of venous thrombotic complications in patients with isolated superficial vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 2003 Nov;38(5):944-9. Abstract

57. Rodriguez-Peralto JL, Carrillo R, Rosales B, et al. Superficial thrombophlebitis. Semin Cutan Med Surg. 2007 Jun;26(2):71-6.

58. Verlato F, Zucchetta P, Prandoni P, et al. An unexpectedly high rate of pulmonary embolism in patients with superficial thrombophlebitis of the thigh. J Vasc Surg. 1999 Dec;30(6):1113-5.Full text  Abstract

59. Giannopoulos S, Rodriguez L, Chau M, et al. A systematic review of the outcomes of percutaneous treatment modalities for pathologic saphenous and perforating veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2022 Sep;10(5):1172-1183.e5. Abstract

60. Stevens SM, Woller SC, Kreuziger LB, et al. Antithrombotic therapy for VTE disease: second update of the CHEST guideline and expert panel report. Chest. 2021 Dec;160(6):e545-608.Full text  Abstract

61. Kakkos SK, Gohel M, Baekgaard N, et al. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2021 clinical practice guidelines on the management of venous thrombosis. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2021 Jan;61(1):9-82.Full text  Abstract

62. Thrombosis Canada. Superficial thrombophlebitis, superficial vein thrombosis. Aug 2023 [internet publication].Full text

63. Di Nisio M, Peinemann F, Porreca E, et al. Treatment for superficial infusion thrombophlebitis of the upper extremity. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 20;2015(11):CD011015.Full text  Abstract

64. de Almeida MJ, Guillaumon AT, Miquelin D, et al. Guidelines for superficial venous thrombosis. J Vasc Bras. 2019 Nov 20;18:e20180105.Full text  Abstract

65. Twine CP, Kakkos SK, Aboyans V, et al. Editor's choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2023 clinical practice guidelines on antithrombotic therapy for vascular diseases. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2023 May;65(5):627-89.Full text  Abstract

66. Nikolakopoulos KM, Kakkos SK, Papageorgopoulou CP, et al. Extended-duration treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the lower limbs with tinzaparin. Vasc Specialist Int. 2018 Mar;34(1):1-9.Full text  Abstract

67. Unno N, Mitsuoka H, Uchiyama T, et al. Superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs in patients with varicose veins. Surg Today. 2002 May;32(5):397-401. Abstract

68. Chengelis DL, Bendick PJ, Glover JL, et al. Progression of superficial venous thrombosis to deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 1996 Nov;24(5):745-9. Abstract

69. Hong J, Ahn SY, Lee YJ, et al. Updated recommendations for the treatment of venous thromboembolism. Blood Res. 2021 Mar 31;56(1):6-16.Full text  Abstract

70. Di Nisio M, Wichers IM, Middeldorp S. Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Feb 25;(2):CD004982.Full text  Abstract

71. Decousus H, Prandoni P, Mismetti P, et al. Fondaparinux for the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs. N Engl J Med. 2010 Sep 23;363(13):1222-32.Full text  Abstract

72. Di Nisio M, Wichers I, Middeldorp S. Treatment of lower extremity superficial thrombophlebitis. JAMA. 2018 Dec 11;320(22):2367-8. Abstract

73. Beyer-Westendorf J, Schellong SM, Gerlach H, et al. Prevention of thromboembolic complications in patients with superficial-vein thrombosis given rivaroxaban or fondaparinux: the open-label, randomised, non-inferiority SURPRISE phase 3b trial. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Mar;4(3):e105-13. Abstract

74. Papageorgopoulou C, Nikolakopoulos K, Papageorgopoulou A, et al. Surgical and pharmaceutical treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: what has changed over the last 5 years? Pol Przegl Chir. 2022 Aug 12;95(4):1-5.Full text  Abstract

75. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Venous thromboembolic diseases: diagnosis, management and thrombophilia testing. Mar 2020 [internet publication].Full text

76. Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, Errichi BM, et al. Superficial thrombophlebitis of the legs: a randomized, controlled, follow-up study. Angiology. 1999 Jul;50(7):523-9. Abstract

77. Penner LS, Gavan SP, Ashcroft DM, et al. Does coprescribing nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral anticoagulants increase the risk of major bleeding, stroke and systemic embolism? Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2022 Nov;88(11):4789-811.Full text  Abstract

78. Rathbun SW, Aston CE, Whitsett TL. A randomized trial of dalteparin compared with ibuprofen for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis. J Thromb Haemost. 2012 May;10(5):833-9. Abstract

79. Superficial Thrombophlebitis Treated by Enoxaparin Study Group. A pilot randomized double-blind comparison of a low-molecular-weight heparin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and placebo in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis. Arch Int Med. 2003 Jul 28;163(14):1657-63.Full text  Abstract

80. Partsch H, Blättler W. Compression and walking versus bed rest in the treatment of proximal deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin. J Vasc Surg. 2000 Nov;32(5):861-9.Full text  Abstract

81. Boehler K, Kittler H, Stolkovich S, et al. Therapeutic effect of compression stockings versus no compression on isolated superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a randomized clinical trial. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2014 Oct;48(4):465-71.Full text  Abstract

82. Turner BRH, Machin M, Jasionowska S, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the additional benefit of pharmacological thromboprophylaxis for endovenous varicose vein interventions. Ann Surg. 2023 Aug 1;278(2):166-71.Full text  Abstract

83. Bates SM, Rajasekhar A, Middeldorp S, et al. American Society of Hematology 2018 guidelines for management of venous thromboembolism: venous thromboembolism in the context of pregnancy. Blood Adv. 2018 Nov 27;2(22):3317-59.Full text  Abstract

84. Bergqvist D, Brunkwall J, Jensen N, et al. Treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis: a comparative trial between placebo, Hirudoid cream and piroxicam gel. Ann Chir Gynaecol. 1990;79(2):92-6. Abstract

85. Wichers IM, Di Nisio M, Büller HR, et al. Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review. Haematologica. 2005 May;90(5):672-7.Full text  Abstract

86. Cosmi B, Filippini M, Campana F, et al; STEFLUX Investigators. Risk factors for recurrent events in subjects with superficial vein thrombosis in the randomized clinical trial SteFlux (Superficial Thromboembolism Fluxum). Thromb Res. 2014 Feb;133(2):196-202. Abstract

87. Barco S, Pomero F, Di Minno MND, et al. Clinical course of patients with symptomatic isolated superficial vein thrombosis: the ICARO follow-up study. J Thromb Haemost. 2017 Nov;15(11):2176-83.Full text  Abstract

88. Cannegieter SC, Horváth-Puhó E, Schmidt M, et al. Risk of venous and arterial thrombotic events in patients diagnosed with superficial vein thrombosis: a nationwide cohort study. Blood. 2015 Jan 8;125(2):229-35.Full text  Abstract

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91. Clarke MJ, Broderick C, Hopewell S, et al. Compression stockings for preventing deep vein thrombosis in airline passengers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 20;4(4):CD004002.Full text  Abstract

92. Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Nicolaides AN, et al. Venous thrombosis from air travel: the LONFLIT3 study--prevention with aspirin vs low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) in high-risk subjects: a randomized trial. Angiology. 2002 Jan-Feb;53(1):1-6. Abstract

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