Hodgkin lymphoma

References

Key articles

Eichenauer DA, Aleman BM, André M, et al. Hodgkin lymphoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018 Oct 1;29(4 suppl):iv19-29.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Hodgkin lymphoma [internet publication].Full text

Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3059-68.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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4. Kaseb H, Babiker HM. StatPearls: cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2019.Full text  Abstract

5. Eichenauer DA, Aleman BM, André M, et al. Hodgkin lymphoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2018 Oct 1;29(4 suppl):iv19-29.Full text  Abstract

6. National Cancer Institute. Cancer stat facts: Hodgkin lymphoma. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

7. Cancer Research UK. Hodgkin lymphoma statistics. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

8. Singh D, Vaccarella S, Gini A, et al. Global patterns of Hodgkin lymphoma incidence and mortality in 2020 and a prediction of the future burden in 2040. Int J Cancer. 2022 Jun 15;150(12):1941-7. Abstract

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11. Hjalgrim H, Askling J, Rostgaard K, et al. Characteristics of Hodgkin's lymphoma after infectious mononucleosis. N Engl J Med. 2003 Oct 2;349(14):1324-32.Full text  Abstract

12. Kerzin-Storrar L, Faed MJ, MacGillivray JB, et al. Incidence of familial Hodgkin's disease. Br J Cancer. 1983 May;47(5):707-12. Abstract

13. Sud A, Thomsen H, Orlando G, et al. Genome-wide association study implicates immune dysfunction in the development of Hodgkin lymphoma. Blood. 2018 Nov 8;132(19):2040-52.Full text  Abstract

14. Sud A, Thomsen H, Law PJ, et al. Genome-wide association study of classical Hodgkin lymphoma identifies key regulators of disease susceptibility. Nat Commun. 2017 Dec 1;8(1):1892.Full text  Abstract

15. Mack TM, Cozen W, Shibata DK, et al. Concordance for Hodgkin's disease in identical twins suggesting genetic susceptibility to the young-adult form of the disease. N Engl J Med. 1995 Feb 16;332(7):413-8.Full text  Abstract

16. Grufferman S, Cole P, Smith PG, et al. Hodgkin's disease in siblings. N Engl J Med. 1977 Feb 3;296(5):248-50. Abstract

17. Paltiel O, Schmit T, Adler B, et al. The incidence of lymphoma in first-degree relatives of patients with Hodgkin disease and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: results and limitations of a registry-linked study. Cancer. 2000 May 15;88(10):2357-66. Abstract

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19. Marafioti T, Hummel M, Foss HD, et al. Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells represent an expansion of a single clone originating from a germinal center B-cell with functional immunoglobulin gene rearrangements but defective immunoglobulin transcription. Blood. 2000 Feb 15;95(4):1443-50.Full text  Abstract

20. Lam KP, Kühn R, Rajewsky K. In vivo ablation of surface immunoglobulin on mature B cells by inducible gene targeting results in rapid cell death. Cell. 1997 Sep 19;90(6):1073-83.Full text  Abstract

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22. Portis T, Ikeda M, Longnecker R. Epstein-Barr virus LMP2A: regulating cellular ubiquitination processes for maintenance of viral latency? Trends Immunol. 2004 Aug;25(8):422-6. Abstract

23. Kilger E, Kieser A, Baumann M, et al. Epstein-Barr virus-mediated B-cell proliferation is dependent upon latent membrane protein 1, which simulates an activated CD40 receptor. EMBO J. 1998 Mar 16;17(6):1700-9.Full text  Abstract

24. Mueller N, Evans A, Harris NL, et al. Hodgkin's disease and Epstein-Barr virus. Altered antibody pattern before diagnosis. N Engl J Med. 1989 Mar 16;320(11):689-95. Abstract

25. Lee JH, Kim Y, Choi JW, et al. Prevalence and prognostic significance of Epstein-Barr virus infection in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma: a meta-analysis. Arch Med Res. 2014 Jul;45(5):417-31. Abstract

26. Glaser SL, Gulley ML, Clarke CA, et al. Racial/ethnic variation in EBV-positive classical Hodgkin lymphoma in California populations. Int J Cancer. 2008 Oct 1;123(7):1499-507.Full text  Abstract

27. Clarke CA, Glaser SL, Keegan TH, et al. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and Hodgkin's lymphoma incidence in California. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Jun;14(6):1441-7.Full text  Abstract

28. Westergaard T, Melbye M, Pedersen JB, et al. Birth order, sibship size and risk of Hodgkin's disease in children and young adults: a population-based study of 31 million person-years. Int J Cancer. 1997 Sep 17;72(6):977-81. Abstract

29. Oza AM, Tonks S, Lim J, et al. A clinical and epidemiological study of human leukocyte antigen-DPB alleles in Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Res. 1994 Oct 1;54(19):5101-5.Full text  Abstract

30. Tan GW, Jiang P, Nolte IM, et al. HLA expression in relation to HLA type in classic Hodgkin lymphoma patients. Cancers (Basel). 2021 Nov 20;13(22):5833.Full text  Abstract

31. Diepstra A, van Imhoff GW, Karim-Kos HE, et al. HLA class II expression by Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg cells is an independent prognostic factor in classical Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Jul 20;25(21):3101-8. Abstract

32. Gutensohn NM. Social class and age at diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease: new epidemiologic evidence for the "two-disease hypothesis." Cancer Treat Rep. 1982 Apr;66(4):689-95. Abstract

33. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: Hodgkin lymphoma [internet publication].Full text

34. Cheson BD, Fisher RI, Barrington SF, et al. Recommendations for initial evaluation, staging, and response assessment of Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: the Lugano classification. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3059-68.Full text  Abstract

35. Barrington SF, Kirkwood AA, Franceschetto A, et al. PET-CT for staging and early response: results from the Response-Adapted Therapy in Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma study. Blood. 2016 Mar 24;127(12):1531-8.Full text  Abstract

36. Juweid ME, Stroobants S, Hoekstra OS, et al. Use of positron emission tomography for response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the Imaging Subcommittee of International Harmonization Project in Lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 10;25(5):571-8.Full text  Abstract

37. Cheson BD, Pfistner B, Juweid ME, et al; International Harmonization Project on Lymphoma. Revised response criteria for malignant lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Feb 10;25(5):579-86. Abstract

38. Cheng G, Alavi A. Value of 18F-FDG PET versus iliac biopsy in the initial evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in the case of Hodgkin's disease: a meta-analysis. Nucl Med Commun. 2013 Jan;34(1):25-31. Abstract

39. Tubiana M, Attié E, Flamant R, et al. Prognostic factors in 454 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Cancer Res. 1971 Nov;31(11):1801-10. Abstract

40. Barrington SF, Mikhaeel NG, Kostakoglu L, et al. Role of imaging in the staging and response assessment of lymphoma: consensus of the International Conference on Malignant Lymphomas Imaging Working Group. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Sep 20;32(27):3048-58.Full text  Abstract

41. Isasi CR, Lu P, Blaufox MD. A metaanalysis of 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography in the staging and restaging of patients with lymphoma. Cancer. 2005 Sep 1;104(5):1066-74.Full text  Abstract

42. Wirth A, Seymour JF, Hicks RJ, et al. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, gallium-67 scintigraphy, and conventional staging for Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Am J Med. 2002 Mar;112(4):262-8. Abstract

43. Hasenclever D, Diehl V, Armitage JO, et al; International Prognostic Factors Project on Advanced Hodgkin's Disease. A prognostic score for advanced Hodgkin's disease. N Engl J Med. 1998 Nov 19;339(21):1506-14.Full text  Abstract

44. Dhakal S, Advani R, Ballas LK, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® Hodgkin lymphoma-favorable prognosis stage I and II. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016 Dec;39(6):535-44. Abstract

45. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma [internet publication].Full text

46. Jagadeesh D, Diefenbach C, Evens AM. XII. Hodgkin lymphoma in older patients: challenges and opportunities to improve outcomes. Hematol Oncol. 2013 Jun;31 Suppl 1:69-75.Full text  Abstract

47. Böll B, Görgen H, Fuchs M, et al. ABVD in older patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma treated within the German Hodgkin Study Group HD10 and HD11 trials. J Clin Oncol. 2013 Apr 20;31(12):1522-9.Full text  Abstract

48. Ballova V, Rüffer JU, Haverkamp H, et al. A prospectively randomized trial carried out by the German Hodgkin Study Group (GHSG) for elderly patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease comparing BEACOPP baseline and COPP-ABVD (study HD9elderly). Ann Oncol. 2005 Jan;16(1):124-31.Full text  Abstract

49. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [internet publication].Full text

50. German Hodgkin Study Group. Disease stages and risk factors. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

51. Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al. Randomized comparison of ABVD chemotherapy with a strategy that includes radiation therapy in patients with limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jul 20;23(21):4634-42.Full text  Abstract

52. Straus DJ, Portlock CS, Qin J, et al. Results of a prospective randomized clinical trial of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine (ABVD) followed by radiation therapy (RT) versus ABVD alone for stages I, II, and IIIA nonbulky Hodgkin disease. Blood. 2004 Dec 1;104(12):3483-9.Full text  Abstract

53. Blank O, von Tresckow B, Monsef I, et al. Chemotherapy alone versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy for adults with early stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 27;(4):CD007110.Full text  Abstract

54. Eich HT, Diehl V, Görgen H, et al. Intensified chemotherapy and dose-reduced involved-field radiotherapy in patients with early unfavorable Hodgkin's lymphoma: final analysis of the German Hodgkin Study Group HD11 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010 Sep 20;28(27):4199-206. Abstract

55. Noordijk EM, Carde P, Dupouy N, et al. Combined-modality therapy for clinical stage I or II Hodgkin's lymphoma: long-term results of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer H7 randomized controlled trials. J Clin Oncol. 2006 Jul 1;24(19):3128-35.Full text  Abstract

56. Press OW, LeBlanc M, Lichter AS, et al. Phase III randomized intergroup trial of subtotal lymphoid irradiation versus doxorubicin, vinblastine, and subtotal lymphoid irradiation for stage IA to IIA Hodgkin's disease. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Nov 15;19(22):4238-44. Abstract

57. Specht L, Gray RG, Clarke MJ, et al. Influence of more extensive radiotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy on long-term outcome of early-stage Hodgkin's disease: a meta-analysis of 23 randomized trials involving 3,888 patients. International Hodgkin's Disease Collaborative Group. J Clin Oncol. 1998 Mar;16(3):830-43. Abstract

58. Nachman JB, Sposto R, Herzog P, et al; Children's Cancer Group. Randomized comparison of low-dose involved-field radiotherapy and no radiotherapy for children with Hodgkin's disease who achieve a complete response to chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol. 2002 Sep 15;20(18):3765-71. Abstract

59. Fermé C, Thomas J, Brice P, et al. ABVD or BEACOPP(baseline) along with involved-field radiotherapy in early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with risk factors: results of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC)-Groupe d'Étude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA) H9-U intergroup randomised trial. Eur J Cancer. 2017 Aug;81:45-55. Abstract

60. André MPE, Girinsky T, Federico M, et al. Early positron emission tomography response-adapted treatment in stage I and II Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Jun 1;35(16):1786-94.Full text  Abstract

61. Fuchs M, Goergen H, Kobe C, et al. Positron emission tomography-guided treatment in early-stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of the international, randomized phase III HD16 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Nov 1;37(31):2835-45.Full text  Abstract

62. Connors JM. The case for chemotherapy alone for limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. Oncologist. 2012;17(8):1011-3.Full text  Abstract

63. Hill-Kayser CE, Plastaras JP, Tochner Z, et al. The case for combined-modality therapy for limited-stage Hodgkin's disease. Oncologist. 2012;17(8):1006-10.Full text  Abstract

64. Meyer RM, Gospodarowicz MK, Connors JM, et al. ABVD alone versus radiation-based therapy in limited-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2012 Feb 2;366(5):399-408.Full text  Abstract

65. Radford J, Illidge T, Counsell N, et al. Results of a trial of PET-directed therapy for early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Apr 23;372(17):1598-607.Full text  Abstract

66. Straus DJ, Jung SH, Pitcher B, et al. CALGB 50604: risk-adapted treatment of nonbulky early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma based on interim PET. Blood. 2018 Sep 6;132(10):1013-21.Full text  Abstract

67. Raemaekers JM, André MP, Federico M, et al. Omitting radiotherapy in early positron emission tomography-negative stage I/II Hodgkin lymphoma is associated with an increased risk of early relapse: clinical results of the preplanned interim analysis of the randomized EORTC/LYSA/FIL H10 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2014 Apr 20;32(12):1188-94.Full text  Abstract

68. Johnson P, Federico M, Kirkwood A, et al. Adapted treatment guided by interim PET-CT scan in advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 23;374(25):2419-29.Full text  Abstract

69. Hay AE, Klimm B, Chen BE, et al. An individual patient-data comparison of combined modality therapy and ABVD alone for patients with limited-stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Ann Oncol. 2013 Dec;24(12):3065-9.Full text  Abstract

70. Specht L, Yahalom J, Illidge T, et al. Modern radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma: field and dose guidelines from the international lymphoma radiation oncology group (ILROG). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2014 Jul 15;89(4):854-62. Abstract

71. Roberts KB, Younes A, Hodgson DC, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria® Hodgkin lymphoma-unfavorable clinical stage I and II. Am J Clin Oncol. 2016 Aug;39(4):384-95.Full text  Abstract

72. Kamran SC, Jacene HA, Chen YH, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with early stage favorable Hodgkin lymphoma treated with ABVD × two cycles followed by FDG-PET/CT restaging and 20 Gy of involved-site radiotherapy. Leuk Lymphoma. 2018 Jun;59(6):1384-90. Abstract

73. Wirth A, Mikhaeel NG, Aleman BMP, et al. Involved site radiation therapy in adult lymphomas: an overview of International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group guidelines. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2020 Aug 1;107(5):909-33.Full text  Abstract

74. Engert A, Plütschow A, Eich HT, et al. Reduced treatment intensity in patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2010 Aug 12;363(7):640-52.Full text  Abstract

75. Aldin A, Umlauff L, Estcourt LJ, et al. Interim PET-results for prognosis in adults with Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic factor studies. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jan 13;1(1):CD012643.Full text  Abstract

76. Gallamini A, Rossi A, Patti C, et al. Consolidation radiotherapy could be safely omitted in advanced Hodgkin lymphoma with large nodal mass in complete metabolic response after ABVD: final analysis of the randomized GITIL/FIL HD0607 Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Nov 20;38(33):3905-13.Full text  Abstract

77. LaCasce AS, Dockter T, Ruppert AS, et al. Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy in bulky stage I/II classic Hodgkin lymphoma: CALGB 50801 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2022 Oct 21:JCO2200947. Abstract

78. Hoskin PJ, Lowry L, Horwich A, et al. Randomized comparison of the Stanford V regimen and ABVD in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's Lymphoma: United Kingdom National Cancer Research Institute Lymphoma Group Study ISRCTN 64141244. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 10;27(32):5390-6. Abstract

79. Federico M, Luminari S, Iannitto E, et al; HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial. ABVD compared with BEACOPP compared with CEC for the initial treatment of patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma: results from the HD2000 Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio dei Linfomi Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Feb 10;27(5):805-11. Abstract

80. Skoetz N, Will A, Monsef I, et al. Comparison of first-line chemotherapy including escalated BEACOPP versus chemotherapy including ABVD for people with early unfavourable or advanced stage Hodgkin lymphoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 May 25;(5):CD007941.Full text  Abstract

81. Gordon LI, Hong F, Fisher RI, et al. Randomized phase III trial of ABVD versus Stanford V with or without radiation therapy in locally extensive and advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: an intergroup study coordinated by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (E2496). J Clin Oncol. 2013 Feb 20;31(6):684-91. Abstract

82. Engert A, Haverkamp H, Kobe C, et al. Reduced-intensity chemotherapy and PET-guided radiotherapy in patients with advanced stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD15 trial): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2012 May 12;379(9828):1791-9. Abstract

83. Forero-Torres A, Holkova B, Goldschmidt J, et al. Phase 2 study of frontline brentuximab vedotin monotherapy in Hodgkin lymphoma patients aged 60 years and older. Blood. 2015 Sep 16;126(26):2798-804.Full text  Abstract

84. Evens AM, Advani RH, Helenowski IB, et al. Multicenter phase II study of sequential brentuximab vedotin and doxorubicin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine chemotherapy for older patients with untreated classical Hodgkin lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Sep 4;36(30):3015-22. Abstract

85. Connors JM, Jurczak W, Straus DJ, et al; ECHELON-1 Study Group. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2017 Dec 10;378(4):331-44.Full text  Abstract

86. Straus DJ, Długosz-Danecka M, Alekseev S, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III/IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma: 3-year update of the ECHELON-1 study. Blood. 2020 Mar 5;135(10):735-42.Full text  Abstract

87. Straus DJ, Długosz-Danecka M, Connors JM, et al. Brentuximab vedotin with chemotherapy for stage III or IV classical Hodgkin lymphoma (ECHELON-1): 5-year update of an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jun;8(6):e410-21. Abstract

88. Ansell SM, Radford J, Connors JM, et al. Overall survival with brentuximab vedotin in stage III or IV Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2022 Jul 28;387(4):310-20. Abstract

89. Franklin J, Eichenauer DA, Becker I, et al. Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression-free survival: individual participant data analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 13;(9):CD008814.Full text  Abstract

90. Engert A, Diehl V, Franklin J, et al. Escalated-dose BEACOPP in the treatment of patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma: 10 years of follow-up of the GHSG HD9 study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Sep 20;27(27):4548-54. Abstract

91. Viviani S, Zinzani PL, Rambaldi A, et al. ABVD versus BEACOPP for Hodgkin's lymphoma when high-dose salvage is planned. N Engl J Med. 2011;365:203-212.Full text  Abstract

92. Merli F, Luminari S, Gobbi PG, et al. Long-term results of the HD2000 trial comparing ABVD versus BEACOPP versus COPP-EBV-CAD in untreated patients with advanced Hodgkin lymphoma: a study by Fondazione Italiana Linfomi. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Apr 10;34(11):1175-81.Full text  Abstract

93. Carde P, Karrasch M, Fortpied C, et al. Eight cycles of ABVD versus four cycles of BEACOPP escalated plus four cycles of BEACOPP baseline in stage III to IV, International Prognostic Score ≥ 3, high-risk Hodgkin lymphoma: first results of the phase III EORTC 20012 Intergroup Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Jun 10;34(17):2028-36.Full text  Abstract

94. Borchmann P, Goergen H, Kobe C, et al. PET-guided treatment in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma (HD18): final results of an open-label, international, randomised phase 3 trial by the German Hodgkin Study Group. Lancet. 2017 Dec 23;390(10114):2790-802. Abstract

95. Casasnovas RO, Bouabdallah R, Brice P, et al. PET-adapted treatment for newly diagnosed advanced Hodgkin lymphoma (AHL2011): a randomised, multicentre, non-inferiority, phase 3 study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Feb;20(2):202-15. Abstract

96. Kreissl S, Goergen H, Buehnen I, et al. PET-guided eBEACOPP treatment of advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HD18): follow-up analysis of an international, open-label, randomised, phase 3 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2021 Jun;8(6):e398-409. Abstract

97. Aleman BM, Raemaekers JM, Tirelli U, et al; European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group. Involved-field radiotherapy for advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2396-406.Full text  Abstract

98. DeVita VT Jr. Hodgkin's disease - clinical trials and travails. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jun 12;348(24):2375-6. Abstract

99. Fabian CJ, Mansfield CM, Dahlberg S, et al. Low-dose involved field radiation after chemotherapy in advanced Hodgkin disease. A Southwest Oncology Group randomized study. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 1;120(11):903-12. Abstract

100. Prosnitz LR. Consolidation radiotherapy in the treatment of advanced Hodgkin's disease: is it dead? Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2003 Jul 1;56(3):605-8. Abstract

101. Johnson PW, Sydes MR, Hancock BW, et al. Consolidation radiotherapy in patients with advanced Hodgkin's lymphoma: survival data from the UKLG LY09 randomized controlled trial (ISRCTN97144519). J Clin Oncol. 2010 Jul 10;28(20):3352-9. Abstract

102. Gallamini A, Tarella C, Viviani S, et al. Early chemotherapy intensification with escalated BEACOPP in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin lymphoma with a positive interim positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan after two ABVD cycles: long-term results of the GITIL/FIL HD 0607 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Feb 10;36(5):454-62.Full text  Abstract

103. Linch DC, Winfield D, Goldstone AH, et al. Dose intensification with autologous bone-marrow transplantation in relapsed and resistant Hodgkin's disease: results of a BNLI randomised trial. Lancet. 1993 Apr 24;341(8852):1051-4. Abstract

104. Schmitz N, Pfistner B, Sextro M, et al; German Hodgkin's Lymphoma Study Group; Lymphoma Working Party of the European Group for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Aggressive conventional chemotherapy compared with high-dose chemotherapy with autologous haemopoietic stem-cell transplantation for relapsed chemosensitive Hodgkin's disease: a randomised trial. Lancet. 2002 Jun 15;359(9323):2065-71. Abstract

105. Baetz T, Belch A, Couban S, et al. Gemcitabine, dexamethasone and cisplatin is an active and non-toxic chemotherapy regimen in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin's disease: a phase II study by the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Ann Oncol. 2003 Dec;14(12):1762-7.Full text  Abstract

106. Moskowitz CH, Nimer SD, Zelenetz AD, et al. A 2-step comprehensive high-dose chemoradiotherapy second-line program for relapsed and refractory Hodgkin disease: analysis by intent to treat and development of a prognostic model. Blood. 2001 Feb 1;97(3):616-23.Full text  Abstract

107. Santoro A, Magagnoli M, Spina M, et al. Ifosfamide, gemcitabine, and vinorelbine: a new induction regimen for refractory and relapsed Hodgkin's lymphoma. Haematologica. 2007 Jan;92(1):35-41.Full text  Abstract

108. Moskowitz AJ, Herrera AF, Beaven AW. Relapsed and refractory classical Hodgkin lymphoma: keeping pace with novel agents and new options for salvage therapy. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2019 Jan;39:477-86.Full text  Abstract

109. Anderlini P, Champlin RE. Reduced intensity conditioning for allogeneic stem cell transplantation in relapsed and refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: where do we stand? Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2006 Jun;12(6):599-602. Abstract

110. Moskowitz CH. Should all patients with HL who relapse after ASCT be considered for allogeneic SCT? A consult, yes; a transplant, not necessarily. Blood Adv. 2018 Apr 10;2(7):821-4.Full text  Abstract

111. Josting A, Nogová L, Franklin J, et al. Salvage radiotherapy in patients with relapsed and refractory Hodgkin's lymphoma: a retrospective analysis from the German Hodgkin Lymphoma Study Group. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Mar 1;23(7):1522-9.Full text  Abstract

112. Constine LS, Yahalom J, Ng AK, et al. The role of radiation therapy in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Jan 9;100(5):1100-18. Abstract

113. Castagna L, Santoro A, Carlo-Stella C. Salvage therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma: a review of current regimens and outcomes. J Blood Med. 2020;11:389-403.Full text  Abstract

114. Santoro A, Mazza R, Pulsoni A, et al. Bendamustine in combination with gemcitabine and vinorelbine is an effective regimen as induction chemotherapy before autologous stem-cell transplantation for relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma: final results of a multicenter phase II study. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Sep 20;34(27):3293-9.Full text  Abstract

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