Ovarian torsion

References

Key articles

American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Adnexal torsion in adolescents: ACOG committee opinion no, 783. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Aug;134(2):e56-63.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pelvic pain in the reproductive age group. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

1. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Adnexal torsion in adolescents: ACOG committee opinion no, 783. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Aug;134(2):e56-63.Full text  Abstract

2. Hibbard LT. Adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1985 Jul 15;152(4):456-61. Abstract

3. Oelsner G, Shashar D. Adnexal torsion. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2006 Sep;49(3):459-63. Abstract

4. Varras M, Tsikini A, Polyzos D, et al. Uterine adnexal torsion: pathologic and gray-scale ultrasonographic findings. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol. 2004;31(1):34-8. Abstract

5. Moro F, Bolomini G, Sibal M, et al. Imaging in gynecological disease (20): clinical and ultrasound characteristics of adnexal torsion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Dec;56(6):934-43.Full text  Abstract

6. Pinto AB, Ratts VS, Williams DB, et al. Reduction of ovarian torsion 1 week after embryo transfer in a patient with bilateral hyperstimulated ovaries. Fertil Steril. 2001 Aug;76(2):403-6. Abstract

7. Child TJ, Watson NR, Ledger WL. Sequential bilateral adnexal torsion after a single cycle of gonadotropin ovulation induction with intrauterine insemination. Fertil Steril. 1997 Mar;67(3):573-5. Abstract

8. Kang HJ, Davis OK, Rosenwaks Z. Simultaneous bilateral ovarian torsion in the follicular phase after gonadotropin stimulation. Fertil Steril. 2006 Aug;86(2):462.e13-4. Abstract

9. Rackow BW, Patrizio P. Successful pregnancy complicated by early and late adnexal torsion after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2007 Mar;87(3):697.e9-12. Abstract

10. Weitzman VN, DiLuigi AJ, Maier DB, et al. Prevention of recurrent adnexal torsion. Fertil Steril. 2008 Nov;90(5):2018.e1-3.Full text  Abstract

11. Young R, Cork K. Intermittent ovarian torsion in pregnancy. Clin Pract Cases Emerg Med. 2017 Mar 15;1(2):108-10.Full text  Abstract

12. Sommerville M, Grimes DA, Koonings PP, et al. Ovarian neoplasms and the risk of adnexal torsion. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1991 Feb;164(2):577-8. Abstract

13. Bayer AI, Wiskind AK. Adnexal torsion: can the adnexa be saved? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 Dec;171(6):1506-10. Abstract

14. Houry D, Abbott JT. Ovarian torsion: a fifteen-year review. Ann Emerg Med. 2001 Aug;38(2):156-9. Abstract

15. Anders JF, Powell EC. Urgency of evaluation and outcome of acute ovarian torsion in pediatric patients. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2005 Jun;159(6):532-5.Full text  Abstract

16. Kives S, Gascon S, Dubuc É, et al. No. 341 - diagnosis and management of adnexal torsion in children, adolescents, and adults. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2017 Feb;39(2):82-90. Abstract

17. Cass DL. Ovarian torsion. Semin Pediatr Surg. 2005 May;14(2):86-92. Abstract

18. Beaunoyer M, Chapdelaine J, Bouchard S, et al. Asynchronous bilateral ovarian torsion. J Pediatr Surg. 2004 May;39(5):746-9. Abstract

19. Bridwell RE, Koyfman A, Long B. High risk and low prevalence diseases: ovarian torsion. Am J Emerg Med. 2022 Jun;56:145-50. Abstract

20. Bider D, Mashiach S, Dulitzky M, et al. Clinical, surgical and pathologic findings of adnexal torsion in pregnant and nonpregnant women. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1991 Nov;173(5):363-6. Abstract

21. Oltmann SC, Fischer A, Barber R, et al. Pediatric ovarian malignancy presenting as ovarian torsion: incidence and relevance. J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Jan;45(1):135-9. Abstract

22. Littman ED, Rydfors J, Milki AA. Exercise-induced ovarian torsion in the cycle following gonadotropin therapy: case report. Hum Reprod. 2003 Aug;18(8):1641-2.Full text  Abstract

23. Asfour V, Varma R, Menon P. Clinical risk factors for ovarian torsion. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2015;35(7):721-5. Abstract

24. Karaman E, Beger B, Çetin O, et al. Ovarian torsion in the normal ovary: a diagnostic challenge in postmenarchal adolescent girls in the emergency department. Med Sci Monit. 2017 Mar 15;23:1312-6.Full text  Abstract

25. Yen CF, Lin SL, Murk W, et al. Risk analysis of torsion and malignancy for adnexal masses during pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2009 May;91(5):1895-902. Abstract

26. Bar-On S, Mashiach R, Stockheim D, et al. Emergency laparoscopy for suspected ovarian torsion: are we too hasty to operate? Fertil Steril. 2010 Apr;93(6):2012-5. Abstract

27. Nair S, Joy S, Nayar J. Five year retrospective case series of adnexal torsion. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014 Dec;8(12):OC09-13.Full text  Abstract

28. Rey-Bellet Gasser C, Gehri M, Joseph JM, et al. Is it ovarian torsion? a systematic literature review and evaluation of prediction signs. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016 Apr;32(4):256-61. Abstract

29. Bassi A, Czuzoj-Shulman N, Abenhaim HA. Effect of pregnancy on the management and outcomes of ovarian torsion: a population-based matched cohort study. J Minim Invasive Gynecol. 2018 Nov - Dec;25(7):1260-5. Abstract

30. Hasson J, Tsafrir Z, Azem F, et al. Comparison of adnexal torsion between pregnant and nonpregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010 Jun;202(6):536.e1-6.Full text  Abstract

31. Cavaco-Gomes J, Jorge Moreira C, Rocha A, et al. Investigation and management of adnexal masses in pregnancy. Scientifica (Cairo). 2016;2016:3012802.Full text  Abstract

32. Smorgick N, Pansky M, Feingold M, et al. The clinical characteristics and sonographic findings of maternal ovarian torsion in pregnancy. Fertil Steril. 2009 Dec;92(6):1983-7.Full text  Abstract

33. Ashwal E, Hiersch L, Krissi H, et al. Characteristics and management of ovarian torsion in premenarchal compared with postmenarchal patients. Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Sep;126(3):514-20. Abstract

34. Ritchie J, O’Mahony F, Garden A; British Society for Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology. Guideline for the management of ovarian cysts in children and adolescents. Jun 2017 [internet publication].Full text

35. Rousseau V, Massicot R, Darwish AA, et al. Emergency management and conservative surgery of ovarian torsion in children: a report of 40 cases. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2008 Aug;21(4):201-6. Abstract

36. Chang HC, Bhatt S, Dogra VS. Pearls and pitfalls in diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Radiographics. 2008 Sep-Oct;28(5):1355-68. Abstract

37. Eilbert W, Nguyen H. Premenarchal ovarian torsion. Pediatr Emerg Med J. 2023;10(2):49-53.Full text

38. Bolli P, Schädelin S, Holland-Cunz S, et al. Ovarian torsion in children: development of a predictive score. Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Oct;96(43):e8299.Full text  Abstract

39. Sengupta A, Bax G, Paterson-Brown S. White cell count and C-reactive protein measurement in patients with possible appendicitis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2009 Mar;91(2):113-5.Full text  Abstract

40. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pelvic pain in the reproductive age group. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

41. Wattar B, Rimmer M, Rogozinska E, et al. Accuracy of imaging modalities for adnexal torsion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG. 2021 Jan;128(1):37-44.Full text  Abstract

42. Ghulmiyyah L, Nassar A, Sassine D, et al. Accuracy of pelvic ultrasound in diagnosing adnexal torsion. Radiol Res Pract. 2019 Jul 1:2019:1406291.Full text  Abstract

43. Albayram F, Hamper UM. Ovarian and adnexal torsion: spectrum of sonographic findings with pathologic correlation. J Ultrasound Med. 2001 Oct;20(10):1083-9. Abstract

44. Breech LL, Hillard PJ. Adnexal torsion in pediatric and adolescent girls. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2005 Oct;17(5):483-9. Abstract

45. Shadinger LL, Andreotti RF, Kurian RL. Preoperative sonographic and clinical characteristics as predictors of ovarian torsion. J Ultrasound Med. 2008 Jan;27(1):7-13. Abstract

46. Scoutt LM, Baltarowich OH, Lev-Toaff AS. Imaging of adnexal torsion. Ultrasound Clin. 2007;2:311-25.

47. Pena JE, Ufberg D, Cooney N, et al. Usefulness of Doppler sonography in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Fertil Steril. 2000 May;73(5):1047-50. Abstract

48. Gordon JD, Hopkins KL, Jeffrey RB, et al. Adnexal torsion: color Doppler diagnosis and laparoscopic treatment. Fertil Steril. 1994 Feb;61(2):383-5. Abstract

49. Fleischer AC. Ultrasound imaging-2000: assessment of utero-ovarian blood flow with transvaginal color Doppler sonography: potential clinical applications in infertility. Fertil Steril. 1991 Apr;55(4):684-91. Abstract

50. Ben-Ami M, Perlitz Y, Haddad S. The effectiveness of spectral and color Doppler in predicting ovarian torsion: a prospective study. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002 Aug 5;104(1):64-6. Abstract

51. Yaman C, Ebner T, Jesacher K. Three-dimensional power Doppler in the diagnosis of ovarian torsion. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2002 Nov;20(5):513-5.Full text  Abstract

52. Lee EJ, Kwon HC, Joo HJ, et al. Diagnosis of ovarian torsion with color Doppler sonography: depiction of twisted vascular pedicle. J Ultrasound Med. 1998 Feb;17(2):83-9. Abstract

53. Kimura I, Togashi K, Kawakami S, et al. Ovarian torsion: CT and MR imaging appearances. Radiology. 1994 Feb;190(2):337-41. Abstract

54. Rha SE, Byun JY, Jung SE, et al. CT and MR imaging features of adnexal torsion. Radiographics. 2002 Mar-Apr;22(2):283-94.Full text  Abstract

55. Chiou SY, Lev-Toaff AS, Masuda E, et al. Adnexal torsion: new clinical and imaging observations by sonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. J Ultrasound Med. 2007 Oct;26(10):1289-301. Abstract

56. Wang JH, Wu DH, Jin H, et al. Predominant etiology of adnexal torsion and ovarian outcome after detorsion in premenarchal girls. Eur J Pediatr Surg. 2010 Sep;20(5):298-301. Abstract

57. Dasgupta R, Renaud E, Goldin AB, et al. Ovarian torsion in pediatric and adolescent patients: a systematic review. J Pediatr Surg. 2018 Jul;53(7):1387-91. Abstract

58. Yasa C, Dural O, Bastu E, et al. Impact of laparoscopic ovarian detorsion on ovarian reserve. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2017 Feb;43(2):298-302. Abstract

59. Geimanaite L, Trainavicius K. Ovarian torsion in children: management and outcomes. J Pediatr Surg. 2013 Sep;48(9):1946-53. Abstract

60. Balasubramaniam D, Duraisamy KY, Ezhilmani M. Laparoscopic detorsion and fertility preservation in twisted ischemic adnexa - a single-center prospective study. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther. 2020 Jan 23;9(1):24-8.Full text  Abstract

61. Mashiach S, Bider D, Moran O, et al. Adnexal torsion of hyperstimulated ovaries in pregnancies after gonadotropin therapy. Fertil Steril. 1990 Jan;53(1):76-80. Abstract

62. Way S. Ovarian cystectomy of twisted cysts. Lancet. 1946 Jul 13;2(6411):47-8.

63. McGovern PG, Noah R, Koenigsberg R, et al. Adnexal torsion and pulmonary embolism: case report and review of the literature. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 1999 Sep;54(9):601-8. Abstract

64. Gorkemli H, Camus M, Clasen K. Adnexal torsion after gonadotropin ovulation induction for IVF or ICSE and its conservative treatment. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2002 Nov;267(1):4-6. Abstract

65. Ben-Rafael Z, Bider D, Mashiach S. Laparoscopic unwinding of twisted ischemic hemorrhagic adnexum after in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 1990 Mar;53(3):569-71. Abstract

66. Oelsner G, Bider D, Goldenberg M, et al. Long-term follow-up of the twisted ischemic adnexa managed by detorsion. Fertil Steril. 1993 Dec;60(6):976-9. Abstract

67. Oelsner G, Cohen SB, Soriano D, et al. Minimal surgery for the twisted ischaemic adnexa can preserve ovarian function. Hum Reprod. 2003 Dec;18(12):2599-602.Full text  Abstract

68. Cohen SB, Wattiez A, Seidman DS, et al. Laparoscopy versus laparotomy for detorsion and sparing of twisted ischemic adnexa. JSLS. 2003 Oct-Dec;7(4):295-9. Abstract

69. Djavadian D, Braendle W, Jaenicke F. Laparoscopic oophoropexy for the treatment of recurrent torsion of the adnexa in pregnancy: case report and review. Fertil Steril. 2004 Oct;82(4):933-6. Abstract

70. Comeau IM, Hubner N, Kives SL, et al. Rates and technique for oophoropexy in pediatric ovarian torsion: a single-institution case series. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2017 Jun;30(3):418-21. Abstract

71. Adeyemi-Fowode O, Lin EG, Syed F, et al. Adnexal torsion in children and adolescents: a retrospective review of 245 cases at a single institution. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2019 Feb;32(1):64-9.Full text  Abstract

72. Pryor RA, Wiczyk HP, O'Shea DL. Adnexal infarction after conservative surgical management of torsion of a hyperstimulated ovary. Fertil Steril. 1995 Jun;63(6):1344-6. Abstract

73. Levy T, Dicker D, Shalev J, et al. Laparoscopic unwinding of hyperstimulated ischaemic ovaries during the second trimester of pregnancy. Hum Reprod. 1995 Jun;10(6):1478-80. Abstract

74. Descargues G, Tinlot-Mauger F, Gravier A, et al. Adnexal torsion: a report on forty-five cases. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2001 Sep;98(1):91-6. Abstract

75. Shalev E, Mann S, Romano S, et al. Laparoscopic detorsion of adnexa in childhood: a case report. J Pediatr Surg. 1991 Oct;26(10):1193-4. Abstract

76. Templeman C, Hertweck SP, Fallat ME. The clinical course of unresected ovarian torsion. J Pediatr Surg. 2000 Sep;35(9):1385-7. Abstract

77. Smorgick N, Melcer Y, Sarig-Meth T, et al. High risk of recurrent torsion in premenarchal girls with torsion of normal adnexa. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jun;105(6):1561-5.e3. Abstract

Comorbidities Manager reference articles

78. Hogervorst VM, Buurman BM, De Jonghe A, et al. Emergency department management of older people living with frailty: a guide for emergency practitioners. Emerg Med J. 2021 Sep;38(9):724-9. Abstract

79. British Geriatrics Society. Guideline for the care of people living with frailty undergoing elective and emergency surgery that encompasses the whole perioperative pathway. September 2021 [internet publication].Full text

80. Cesari M, Calvani R, Marzetti E. Frailty in older persons. Clin Geriatr Med. 2017 Aug;33(3):293-303. Abstract

81. Rockwood K, British Geriatrics Society. Silver book II: frailty. February 2021 [internet publication].Full text

82. Tsui C, Kim K, Spencer M. The diagnosis "failure to thrive" and its impact on the care of hospitalized older adults: a matched case-control study. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Feb 14;20(1):62.Full text  Abstract

83. Anderson K, Baraldi C, Supiano M. Identifying failure to thrive in the long term care setting. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2012 Sep;13(7):665.e15-9. Abstract

84. Rockwood K, Theou O. Using the clinical frailty scale in allocating scarce health care resources. Can Geriatr J. 2020 Sep;23(3):210-5.Full text  Abstract

85. Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ. 2005 Aug 30;173(5):489-95.Full text  Abstract

86. Church S, Rogers E, Rockwood K, et al. A scoping review of the Clinical Frailty Scale. BMC Geriatr. 2020 Oct 7;20(1):393.Full text  Abstract

87. Falk Erhag H, Guðnadóttir G, Alfredsson J, et al. The association between the clinical frailty scale and adverse health outcomes in older adults in acute clinical settings - a systematic review of the literature. Clin Interv Aging. 2023 Feb 18:18:249-61.Full text  Abstract

88. Quinn TJ, Mooijaart SP, Gallacher K, et al. Acute care assessment of older adults living with frailty. BMJ. 2019 Jan 31;364:l13. Abstract

89. Molnar F, Frank CC. Optimizing geriatric care with the GERIATRIC 5Ms. Can Fam Physician. 2019 Jan;65(1):39.Full text  Abstract

90. Tinetti M, Huang A, Molnar F. The Geriatrics 5M's: a new way of communicating what we do. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Sep;65(9):2115.Full text  Abstract

91. Miller RK, Young M, Chippendale R, et al. Using the Geriatric 5Ms to teach structural and social determinants of health. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Dec;71(12):3967-72. Abstract

92. Jamshed N, Gangavati A. Prioritizing the 5Ms in geriatric care: a holistic approach to care of the older adult. Am Fam Physician. 2024 Jun;109(6):498-500.Full text  Abstract

93. Conroy SP, Bardsley M, Smith P, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for frail older people in acute hospitals: the HoW-CGA mixed-methods study. Southampton (UK): NIHR Journals Library; 2019 Apr.Full text  Abstract

94. Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Acute Kidney Injury Work Group. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Int Suppl. 2012 Mar;2(1):1-138.Full text

95. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 16. Diabetes care in the hospital: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S295-306.Full text  Abstract

96. Blonde L, Umpierrez GE, Reddy SS, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinology clinical practice guideline: developing a diabetes mellitus comprehensive care plan - 2022 update. Endocr Pract. 2022 Oct;28(10):923-1049.Full text  Abstract

97. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA revises labels of SGLT2 inhibitors for diabetes to include warnings about too much acid in the blood and serious urinary tract infections. March 2022 [internet publication].Full text

98. Umpierrez GE, Davis GM, ElSayed NA, et al. Hyperglycaemic crises in adults with diabetes: a consensus report. Diabetologia. 2024 Aug;67(8):1455-79.Full text  Abstract

99. Duggan EW, Carlson K, Umpierrez GE. Perioperative hyperglycemia management: an update. Anesthesiology. 2017 Mar;126(3):547-60.Full text  Abstract

100. Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. The use of variable rate intravenous insulin infusion (VRIII) in medical inpatients. October 2014 [internet publication].Full text

101. Avari P, Lumb A, Flanagan D, et al. Insulin pumps and hybrid close loop systems within hospital: a scoping review and practical guidance from the Joint British Diabetes Societies for Inpatient Care. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2023 May;17(3):625-34.Full text  Abstract

102. Peters AL, Buschur EO, Buse JB, et al. Euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis: a potential complication of treatment with sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition. Diabetes Care. 2015 Sep;38(9):1687-93.Full text  Abstract

103. Joshi GP, Abdelmalak BB, Weigel WA et al. American Society of Anaesthesiologists consensus-based guidance on preoperative management of patients (adults and children) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) receptor agonists. June 2023 [internet reference].Full text

104. Winstein CJ, Stein J, Arena R, et al. Guidelines for adult stroke rehabilitation and recovery: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2016 Jun;47(6):e98-169.Full text  Abstract

105. Benesch C, Glance LG, Derdeyn CP, et al. Perioperative neurological evaluation and management to lower the risk of acute stroke in patients undergoing noncardiac, nonneurological surgery: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Circulation. 2021 May 11;143(19):e923-46.Full text  Abstract

106. Nickel C, Arendts G, Lucke J, et al. Silver book II: Geriatric syndromes. February 2021 [internet publication].Full text

107. American College of Surgeons. Best practice guidelines: geriatric trauma management. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

108. Shenvi C, Kennedy M, Austin CA, et al. Managing delirium and agitation in the older emergency department patient: the ADEPT tool. Ann Emerg Med. 2020 Feb;75(2):136-45.Full text  Abstract

109. Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005 Apr;53(4):695-9. Abstract

110. Price CC. The new frontier of perioperative cognitive medicine for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Neurotherapeutics. 2022 Jan;19(1):132-42.Full text  Abstract

111. Mohanty S, Rosenthal RA, Russell MM, et al. Optimal perioperative management of the geriatric patient: a best practices guideline from the American College of Surgeons NSQIP and the American Geriatrics Society. J Am Coll Surg. 2016 May;222(5):930-47. Abstract

112. Appelbaum PS. Clinical practice. Assessment of patients' competence to consent to treatment. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1834-40. Abstract

113. Sulmasy LS, Bledsoe TA; ACP Ethics, Professionalism and Human Rights Committee. American College of Physicians ethics manual: seventh edition. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jan 15;170(2 Suppl):S1-32.Full text  Abstract

114. Barstow C, Shahan B, Roberts M. Evaluating medical decision-making capacity in practice. Am Fam Physician. 2018 Jul 1;98(1):40-6.Full text  Abstract

115. Devlin JW, Skrobik Y, Gélinas C, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit Care Med. 2018 Sep;46(9):e825-73.Full text  Abstract

116. Inouye SK, Schlesinger MJ, Lydon TJ. Delirium: a symptom of how hospital care is failing older persons and a window to improve quality of hospital care. Am J Med. 1999 May;106(5):565-73.Full text  Abstract

117. Han JH, Wilson A, Vasilevskis EE, et al. Diagnosing delirium in older emergency department patients: validity and reliability of the delirium triage screen and the brief confusion assessment method. Ann Emerg Med. 2013 Nov;62(5):457-65. Abstract

118. American College of Emergency Physicians, American Geriatrics Society, Emergency Nurses Association, et al. Geriatric emergency department guidelines. Ann Emerg Med. 2014 May;63(5):e7-25.Full text  Abstract

119. Inouye SK, van Dyck CH, Alessi CA, et al. Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Ann Intern Med. 1990 Dec 15;113(12):941-8. Abstract

120. Wei LA, Fearing MA, Sternberg EJ, et al. The Confusion Assessment Method: a systematic review of current usage. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2008 May;56(5):823-30. Abstract

121. Ely EW, Margolin R, Francis J, et al. Evaluation of delirium in critically ill patients: validation of the Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Crit Care Med. 2001 Jul;29(7):1370-9. Abstract

122. Bergeron N, Dubois MJ, Dumont M, et al. Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist: evaluation of a new screening tool. Intensive Care Med. 2001 May;27(5):859-64. Abstract

123. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management in hospital and long-term care. January 2023 [internet publication].Full text

124. Anderson WG, Berlinger N, Ragland J et al. Hospital-based prognosis and goals of care discussions with seriously ill patients: a pathway to integrate a key primary palliative care process into the workflow of hospitalist physicians and their teams. Society of Hospital Medicine and The Hastings Center, 2017 [internet publication].Full text

125. Secunda K, Wirpsa MJ, Neely KJ, et al. Use and meaning of "goals of care" in the healthcare literature: a systematic review and qualitative discourse analysis. J Gen Intern Med. 2020 May;35(5):1559-66.Full text  Abstract

126. Boyd C, Smith CD, Masoudi FA, et al. Decision making for older adults with multiple chronic conditions: executive summary for the American Geriatrics Society guiding principles on the care of older adults with multimorbidity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2019 Apr;67(4):665-73. Abstract

127. Farrell TW, Widera E, Rosenberg L, et al. AGS position statement: making medical treatment decisions for unbefriended older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017 Jan;65(1):14-5.Full text  Abstract

128. Pope TM, Bennett J, Carson SS, et al. Making medical treatment decisions for unrepresented patients in the ICU. An official American Thoracic Society/American Geriatrics Society policy statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 May 15;201(10):1182-92.Full text  Abstract

129. Writing Committee Members, Thompson A, Fleischmann KE, et al. 2024 AHA/ACC/ACS/ASNC/HRS/SCA/SCCT/SCMR/SVM guideline for perioperative cardiovascular management for noncardiac surgery: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2024 Nov 5;84(19):1869-969.Full text  Abstract

130. Halvorsen S, Mehilli J, Cassese S, et al. 2022 ESC guidelines on cardiovascular assessment and management of patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery. Eur Heart J. 2022 Oct 14;43(39):3826-924.Full text  Abstract

131. Harbell MW, Dumitrascu C, Bettini L, et al. Anesthetic considerations for patients on psychotropic drug therapies. Neurol Int. 2021 Nov 29;13(4):640-58.Full text  Abstract

132. Saraghi M, Golden L, Hersh EV. Anesthetic considerations for patients on antidepressant therapy - part II. Anesth Prog. 2018 Spring;65(1):60-5.Full text  Abstract

133. Roose SP, Rutherford BR. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and operative bleeding risk: a review of the literature. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2016 Dec;36(6):704-9. Abstract

134. Lim Y, Ohn JH, Jeong J, et al. Effect of the concomitant use of subcutaneous basal insulin and intravenous insulin infusion in the treatment of severe hyperglycemic patients. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2022 Jun;37(3):444-54.Full text  Abstract

135. Thammakosol K, Sriphrapradang C. Effectiveness and safety of early insulin glargine administration in combination with continuous intravenous insulin infusion in the management of diabetic ketoacidosis: a randomized controlled trial. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2023 Mar;25(3):815-22. Abstract

136. Honarmand K, Sirimaturos M, Hirshberg EL, et al. Society of Critical Care Medicine Guidelines on Glycemic Control for Critically Ill Children and Adults 2024. Crit Care Med. 2024 Apr 1;52(4):e161-e181.Full text  Abstract

137. van den Berghe G, Wouters P, Weekers F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2001 Nov 8;345(19):1359-67.Full text  Abstract

138. NICE-SUGAR Study Investigators; Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009 Mar 26;360(13):1283-97.Full text  Abstract

139. Yamada T, Shojima N, Noma H, et al. Glycemic control, mortality, and hypoglycemia in critically ill patients: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):1-15. Abstract

140. Yatabe T, Inoue S, Sakaguchi M, et al. The optimal target for acute glycemic control in critically ill patients: a network meta-analysis. Intensive Care Med. 2017 Jan;43(1):16-28. Abstract

141. Pasquel FJ, Lansang MC, Dhatariya K, et al. Management of diabetes and hyperglycaemia in the hospital. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Mar;9(3):174-88.Full text  Abstract

142. Rehman A, Setter SM, Vue MH. Drug-induced glucose alterations part 2: drug-Induced hyperglycemia. Diabetes Spect. 2011 Nov;24(4):234-8.Full text

143. Vue MH, Setter SM. Drug-Induced Glucose Alterations Part 1: Drug-Induced Hypoglycemia. Diabetes Spectr 1 August 2011; 24 (3): 171–7.Full text  Abstract

144. Wang C, Fang W, Li Z, et al. Clinical features, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced hypoglycemia. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1059522.Full text  Abstract

145. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 6. Glycemic goals and hypoglycemia: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S111-25.Full text  Abstract

146. McCall AL, Lieb DC, Gianchandani R, et al. Management of individuals with diabetes at high risk for hypoglycemia: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Feb 15;108(3):529-62.Full text  Abstract

147. Galindo RJ, Umpierrez GE, Rushakoff RJ, et al. Continuous glucose monitors and automated insulin dosing systems in the hospital consensus guideline. J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2020 Nov;14(6):1035-64.Full text  Abstract

148. Rajan N, Duggan EW, Abdelmalak BB, et al. Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia updated consensus statement on perioperative blood glucose management in adult patients with diabetes mellitus undergoing ambulatory surgery. Anesth Analg. 2024 Sep 1;139(3):459-77.Full text  Abstract

149. White S, Griffiths R, Baxter M, et al. Guidelines for the peri-operative care of people with dementia: guidelines from the Association of Anaesthetists. Anaesthesia. 2019 Mar;74(3):357-72.Full text  Abstract

150. Inouye SK, Kosar CM, Tommet D, et al. The CAM-S: development and validation of a new scoring system for delirium severity in 2 cohorts. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Apr 15;160(8):526-33.Full text  Abstract

151. Peden CJ, Miller TR, Deiner SG, et al. Improving perioperative brain health: an expert consensus review of key actions for the perioperative care team. Br J Anaesth. 2021 Feb;126(2):423-432.Full text  Abstract

152. American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on Postoperative Delirium in Older Adults. American Geriatrics Society abstracted clinical practice guideline for postoperative delirium in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2015 Jan;63(1):142-50. Abstract

153. The 2023 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society 2023 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2023 Jul;71(7):2052-81.Full text  Abstract

154. Nikooie R, Neufeld KJ, Oh ES, et al. Antipsychotics for treating delirium in hospitalized adults: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Oct 1;171(7):485-95.Full text  Abstract

155. Mühlbauer V, Möhler R, Dichter MN, et al. Antipsychotics for agitation and psychosis in people with Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Dec 17;(12):CD013304.Full text  Abstract

156. Yunusa I, Alsumali A, Garba AE, et al. Assessment of reported comparative effectiveness and safety of atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a network meta-analysis. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Mar 1;2(3):e190828.Full text  Abstract

157. Van Leeuwen E, Petrovic M, van Driel ML, et al. Withdrawal versus continuation of long-term antipsychotic drug use for behavioural and psychological symptoms in older people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Apr 1;(3):CD007726.Full text  Abstract

158. Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Global strategy for the diagnosis, management, and prevention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

159. Salpeter SR, Ormiston TM, Salpeter EE. Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis. Chest. 2004 Jun;125(6):2309-21. Abstract

160. Au DH, Curtis JR, Every NR, et al. Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction. Chest. 2002 Mar;121(3):846-51. Abstract

161. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global strategy for asthma management and prevention. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

162. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB. The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med. 2001 Sep;16(9):606-13.Full text  Abstract

163. Silverman JJ, Galanter M, Jackson-Triche M, et al. The American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation of adults. Am J Psychiatry. 2015 Aug 1;172(8):798-802.Full text  Abstract

164. Boden JM, Fergusson DM. Alcohol and depression. Addiction. 2011 May;106(5):906-14. Abstract

165. Bauer M, Severus E, Köhler S, et al. World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders. part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder-update 2015. World J Biol Psychiatry. 2015 Feb;16(2):76-95. Abstract

166. Hoffelt C, Gross T. A review of significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with antidepressants and their management. Ment Health Clin. 2016 Mar 8;6(1):35-41.Full text  Abstract

167. Van Leeuwen E, van Driel ML, Horowitz MA, et al. Approaches for discontinuation versus continuation of long-term antidepressant use for depressive and anxiety disorders in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 15;(4):CD013495.Full text  Abstract

168. Qaseem A, Owens DK, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, et al. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic treatments of adults in the acute phase of major depressive disorder: a living clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2023 Feb;176(2):239-52.Full text  Abstract

169. Liamis G, Milionis H, Elisaf M. A review of drug-induced hyponatremia. Am J Kidney Dis. 2008 Jul;52(1):144-53. Abstract

170. Liamis G, Filippatos TD, Elisaf MS. Thiazide-associated hyponatremia in the elderly: what the clinician needs to know. J Geriatr Cardiol. 2016 Feb;13(2):175-82.Full text  Abstract

171. Boyer EW, Shannon M. The serotonin syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2005 Mar 17;352(11):1112-20. Abstract

172. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Isbister GK. Serotonin syndrome. BMJ. 2014 Feb 19;348:g1626. Abstract

173. Volpi-Abadie J, Kaye AM, Kaye AD. Serotonin syndrome. Ochsner J. 2013 Winter;13(4):533-40.Full text  Abstract

174. Chander WP, Singh N, Mukhiya GK. Serotonin syndrome in maintenance haemodialysis patients following sertraline treatment for depression. J Indian Med Assoc. 2011 Jan;109(1):36-7. Abstract

175. Voican CS, Corruble E, Naveau S, et al. Antidepressant-induced liver injury: a review for clinicians. Am J Psychiatry. 2014 Apr;171(4):404-15.Full text  Abstract

176. Saraghi M, Golden LR, Hersh EV. Anesthetic considerations for patients on antidepressant therapy-part I. Anesth Prog. 2017 Winter;64(4):253-61.Full text  Abstract

177. Tisdale JE, Chung MK, Campbell KB, et al. Drug-induced arrhythmias: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020 Oct 13;142(15):e214-233.Full text  Abstract

178. Siu AL, US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), Bibbins-Domingo K, et al. Screening for depression in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2016 Jan 26;315(4):380-7.Full text  Abstract

179. Halperin D, Reber G. Influence of antidepressants on hemostasis. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2007;9(1):47-59.Full text  Abstract

180. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R, et al. Use of serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and the risk of bleeding complications in patients on anticoagulant or antiplatelet agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Med. 2022 Dec;54(1):80-97.Full text  Abstract

181. Loke YK, Trivedi AN, Singh S. Meta-analysis: gastrointestinal bleeding due to interaction between selective serotonin uptake inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1;27(1):31-40.Full text  Abstract

182. Flowers L. Nicotine replacement therapy. Am J Psychiatry Resid J. 2016 Jun;11(6):4-7.Full text

183. Desai HD, Seabolt J, Jann MW. Smoking in patients receiving psychotropic medications: a pharmacokinetic perspective. CNS Drugs. 2001;15(6):469-94. Abstract

184. Oliveira P, Ribeiro J, Donato H, et al. Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review. Ann Gen Psychiatry. 2017 Mar 6:16:17.Full text  Abstract

185. DiMatteo MR, Lepper HS, Croghan TW. Depression is a risk factor for noncompliance with medical treatment: meta-analysis of the effects of anxiety and depression on patient adherence. Arch Intern Med. 2000 Jul 24;160(14):2101-7.Full text  Abstract

186. Prina AM, Cosco TD, Dening T, et al. The association between depressive symptoms in the community, non-psychiatric hospital admission and hospital outcomes: a systematic review. J Psychosom Res. 2015 Jan;78(1):25-33.Full text  Abstract

187. Clarke DM, Currie KC. Depression, anxiety and their relationship with chronic diseases: a review of the epidemiology, risk and treatment evidence. Med J Aust. 2009 Apr 6;190(s7):S54-60.Full text  Abstract

188. Archer G, Kuh D, Hotopf M, et al. Association between lifetime affective symptoms and premature mortality. JAMA Psychiatry. 2020 Aug 1;77(8):806-13.Full text  Abstract

189. Machado MO, Veronese N, Sanches M, et al. The association of depression and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. BMC Med. 2018 Jul 20;16(1):112.Full text  Abstract

190. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Diabetic foot problems: prevention and management. October 2019 [internet publication].Full text

191. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. 12. Retinopathy, neuropathy, and foot care: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S231-43.Full text  Abstract

192. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):265-79.Full text  Abstract

193. Fiore MC, Jaén CR, Baker TB, et al. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update. Clinical practice guideline. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services Public Health Service; May 2008 [internet publication].Full text

194. United States Public Health Service Office of the Surgeon General, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. Smoking cessation: a report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services; 2020 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

195. Streck JM, Rigotti NA, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024 May 21;(5):CD001837.Full text  Abstract

196. Theodoulou A, Chepkin SC, Ye W, et al. Different doses, durations and modes of delivery of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 19;(6):CD013308.Full text  Abstract

197. Rigotti NA, Kruse GR, Livingstone-Banks J, et al. Treatment of tobacco smoking: a review. JAMA. 2022 Feb 8;327(6):566-77. Abstract

198. Agrawal S, Evison M, Ananth S, et al. Medical management of inpatients with tobacco dependency. Thorax. 2024 Mar 26;79(suppl 1):3-11. Abstract

199. Thomas KH, Dalili MN, López-López JA, et al. Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Addiction. 2022 Apr;117(4):861-76.Full text  Abstract

200. Livingstone-Banks J, Fanshawe TR, Thomas KH, et al. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 28;(6):CD006103.Full text

201. Perret J, Yip SWS, Idrose NS, et al. Undiagnosed and 'overdiagnosed' COPD using postbronchodilator spirometry in primary healthcare settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res. 2023 Apr;10(1):e001478.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer