Acute pancreatitis

References

Key articles

Tenner S, Vege S, Sheth S, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guidelines: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024 Mar 119(3):419-37.Full text  Abstract

Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 Suppl 2):e1-15.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pancreatitis. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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8. Tenner S, Vege S, Sheth S, et al. American College of Gastroenterology guidelines: management of acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2024 Mar 119(3):419-37.Full text  Abstract

9. Kingsnorth A, O'Reilly D. Acute pancreatitis. BMJ. 2006 May 6;332(7549):1072-6.Full text

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11. Li CL, Jiang M, Pan CQ, et al. The global, regional, and national burden of acute pancreatitis in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019. BMC Gastroenterol. 2021 Aug 25;21(1):332.Full text  Abstract

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14. Whitcomb DC. Clinical practice: acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2006 May 18;354(20):2142-50. Abstract

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21. Gelrud A, Sheth S, Banerjee S, et al. Analysis of cystic fibrosis gener product (CFTR) function in patients with pancreas divisum and recurrent acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug;99(8):1557-62. Abstract

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23. Tenner S. Drug induced acute pancreatitis: does it exist? World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Nov 28;20(44):16529-34.Full text  Abstract

24. Saini J, Marino D, Badalov N, et al. Drug-induced acute pancreatitis: an evidence-based classification (revised). Clin Transl Gastroenterol. 2023 Aug 1;14(8):e00621.Full text  Abstract

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27. Carr RA, Rejowski BJ, Cote G2, et al. Systematic review of hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis: A more virulent etiology? Pancreatology. 2016 Jul-Aug;16(4):469-76. Abstract

28. Leppäniemi A, Tolonen M, Tarasconi A, et al. 2019 WSES guidelines for the management of severe acute pancreatitis. World J Emerg Surg. 2019 Jun 13;14:27.Full text  Abstract

29. Bálint ER, Fűr G, Kiss L, et al. Assessment of the course of acute pancreatitis in the light of aetiology: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2020 Oct 21;10(1):17936.Full text  Abstract

30. Frick TW, Wiegand D, Bimmler D, et al. A rat model to study hypercalcemia-induced acute pancreatitis. Int J Pancreatol. 1994 Apr;15(2):91-6. Abstract

31. Frick TW, Spycher MA, Heitz PU, et al. Hypercalcaemia and pancreatic ultrastructure in cats. Eur J Surg. 1992 May;158(5):289-94. Abstract

32. Juang P, Page RL, Zolty R. Probable loop diuretic-induced pancreatitis in a sulfonamide-allergic patient. Ann Pharmacother. 2006 Jan;40(1):128-34. Abstract

33. Akshintala VS, Sperna Weiland CJ, Bhullar FA, et al. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, intravenous fluids, pancreatic stents, or their combinations for the prevention of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Sep;6(9):733-42. Abstract

34. Márta K, Gede N, Szakács Z, et al. Combined use of indomethacin and hydration is the best conservative approach for post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention: a network meta-analysis. Pancreatology. 2021 Oct;21(7):1247-55.Full text  Abstract

35. Buxbaum JL, Freeman M, Amateau SK, et al. American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy guideline on post-ERCP pancreatitis prevention strategies: summary and recommendations. Gastrointest Endosc. 2023 Feb;97(2):153-62. Abstract

36. Heyries L, Barthet M, Delvasto C, et al. Long-term results of endoscopic management of pancreas divisum with recurrent acute pancreatitis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2002 Mar;55(3):376-81. Abstract

37. Strand DS, Law RJ, Yang D, et al. AGA clinical practice update on the endoscopic approach to recurrent acute and chronic pancreatitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2022 Oct;163(4):1107-14. Abstract

38. Spicak J. Etiological factors of acute pancreatitis [in Czech]. Vnitr Lek. 2002 Sep;48(9):829-41. Abstract

39. Guda NM, Muddana V, Whitcomb DC, et al. Recurrent acute pancreatitis: international state-of-the-science conference with recommendations. Pancreas. 2018 Jul;47(6):653-66. Abstract

40. Vitone LJ, Greenhalf W, Howes NR, et al. Hereditary pancreatitis and secondary screening for early pancreatic cancer. Rocz Akad Med Bialymst. 2005;50:73-84. Abstract

41. Whitcomb DC. Genetic risk factors for pancreatic disorders. Gastroenterology. 2013 Jun;144(6):1292-302.Full text  Abstract

42. Whitcomb DC. Genetic aspects of pancreatitis. Annu Rev Med. 2010;61:413-24. Abstract

43. Giefer MJ, Lowe ME, Werlin SL, et al. Early-onset acute recurrent and chronic pancreatitis is associated with PRSS1 or CTRC gene mutations. J Pediatr. 2017 Jul;186:95-100.Full text  Abstract

44. Dumonceau JM, Kapral C, Aabakken L, et al. ERCP-related adverse events: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) guideline. Endoscopy. 2020 Feb;52(2):127-49.Full text  Abstract

45. Buxbaum J, Yan A, Yeh K, et al. Aggressive hydration with lactated Ringer's solution reduces pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014 Feb;12(2):303-7.e1.Full text  Abstract

46. Wu D, Wan J, Xia L, et al. The efficiency of aggressive hydration with lactated ringer solution for the prevention of post-ERCP pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2017 Sep;51(8):e68-76. Abstract

47. Working Group IAP/APA Acute Pancreatitis Guidelines. IAP/APA evidence-based guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2013 Jul-Aug;13(4 Suppl 2):e1-15.Full text  Abstract

48. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pancreatitis. Dec 2020 [internet publication].Full text

49. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS international sepsis definitions conference. Crit Care Med. 2003 Apr;31(4):1250-6. Abstract

50. Bass G, Gilani SN, Walsh TN. Validating the 5Fs mnemonic for cholelithiasis: time to include family history. Postgrad Med J. 2013 Nov;89(1057):638-41. Abstract

51. Stinton LM, Shaffer EA. Epidemiology of gallbladder disease: cholelithiasis and cancer. Gut Liver. 2012 Apr;6(2):172-87.Full text  Abstract

52. Zuo L, Wang CH, Yang JL, et al. The role of a workflow in diagnosing biliary causes for acute pancreatitis [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2012 Feb;51(2):104-7. Abstract

53. Rompianesi G, Hann A, Komolafe O, et al. Serum amylase and lipase and urinary trypsinogen and amylase for diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;(4):CD012010.Full text  Abstract

54. Steinberg WM, Nauck MA, Zinman B, et al. LEADER 3--lipase and amylase activity in subjects with type 2 diabetes: baseline data from over 9000 subjects in the LEADER Trial. Pancreas. 2014 Nov;43(8):1223-31.Full text  Abstract

55. Brown A, Orav J, Banks PA. Hemoconcentration is an early marker for organ failure and necrotizing pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2000 May;20(4):367-72. Abstract

56. Tenner S, Dubner H, Steinberg W. Predicting gallstone pancreatitis with laboratory parameters: a meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol. 1994 Oct;89(10):1863-6. Abstract

57. Khanna AK, Meher S, Prakash S, et al. Comparison of Ranson, Glasgow, MOSS, SIRS, BISAP, APACHE-II, CTSI scores, IL-6, CRP, and procalcitonin in predicting severity, organ failure, pancreatic necrosis, and mortality in acute pancreatitis. HPB Surg. 2013;2013:367581.Full text  Abstract

58. Komolafe O, Pereira SP, Davidson BR, et al. Serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and lactate dehydrogenase for the diagnosis of pancreatic necrosis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Apr 21;(4):CD012645.Full text  Abstract

59. Ranson JH, Rifkind KM, Turner JW. Prognostic signs and nonoperative peritoneal lavage in acute pancreatitis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1976 Aug;143(2):209-19. Abstract

60. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute pancreatitis. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

61. Frossard JL, Steer ML, Pastor CM. Acute pancreatitis. Lancet. 2008 Jan 12;371(9607):143-52. Abstract

62. Fogel EL, Sherman S. ERCP for gallstone pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 9;370(2):150-7. Abstract

63. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Muthusamy VR, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, et al. The role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and treatment of inflammatory pancreatic fluid collections. Gastrointest Endosc. 2016 Mar;83(3):481-8.Full text

64. Siriwardena AK, Jegatheeswaran S, Mason JM, et al. A procalcitonin-based algorithm to guide antibiotic use in patients with acute pancreatitis (PROCAP): a single-centre, patient-blinded, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022 Oct;7(10):913-21.Full text  Abstract

65. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

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67. Capurso G, Ponz de Leon Pisani R, Lauri G, et al. Clinical usefulness of scoring systems to predict severe acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis with pre and post-test probability assessment. United European Gastroenterol J. 2023 Nov;11(9):825-36.Full text  Abstract

68. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest. 1992 Jun;101(6):1644-55. Abstract

69. de-Madaria E, Buxbaum JL, Maisonneuve P, et al. Aggressive or moderate fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):989-1000. Abstract

70. Gardner TB. Fluid resuscitation in acute pancreatitis: going over the WATERFALL. N Engl J Med. 2022 Sep 15;387(11):1038-9. Abstract

71. Li XW, Wang CH, Dai JW, et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes between aggressive and non-aggressive intravenous hydration for acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2023 Mar 22;27(1):122.Full text  Abstract

72. Baillie J, ed. Advances in endoscopy: current developments in diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy. Gastroenterol Hepatol (N Y). 2010 Jan;6(1):16-8.Full text

73. Darvas K, Futo J, Okros I, et al. Principles of intensive care in severe acute pancreatitis in 2008 [in Hungarian]. Orv Hetil. 2008 Nov 23;149(47):2211-20. Abstract

74. Curtis CS, Kudsk KA. Nutrition support in pancreatitis. Surg Clin North Am. 2007 Dec;87(6):1403-15. Abstract

75. Thomson A. Nutritional support in acute pancreatitis. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care. 2008 May;11(3):261-6. Abstract

76. Marik PE. What is the best way to feed patients with pancreatitis? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2009 Apr;15(2):131-8. Abstract

77. Kumari R, Sadarat F, Luhana S, et al. Evaluating the efficacy of different volume resuscitation strategies in acute pancreatitis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2024 Mar 25;24(1):119.Full text  Abstract

78. Choosakul S, Harinwan K, Chirapongsathorn S, et al. Comparison of normal saline versus Lactated Ringer's solution for fluid resuscitation in patients with mild acute pancreatitis, a randomized controlled trial. Pancreatology. 2018 Jul;18(5):507-12. Abstract

79. Hong J, Li Q, Wang Y, et al. Comparison of fluid resuscitation with lactate ringer's versus normal saline in acute pancreatitis: an updated meta-analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2024 Jan;69(1):262-74.Full text  Abstract

80. Semler MW, Self WH, Wanderer JP, et al. Balanced crystalloids versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2018 Mar 1;378(9):829-39.Full text  Abstract

81. Zampieri FG, Machado FR, Biondi RS, et al. Effect of intravenous fluid treatment with a balanced solution vs 0.9% saline solution on mortality in critically ill patients: the BaSICS randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Aug 10;326(9):1-12.Full text  Abstract

82. Finfer S, Micallef S, Hammond N, et al. Balanced multielectrolyte solution versus saline in critically ill adults. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 3;386(9):815-26. Abstract

83. Crockett SD, Wani S, Gardner TB, et al. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterology. 2018 Mar;154(4):1096-101.Full text  Abstract

84. Buxbaum JL, Quezada M, Da B, et al. Early aggressive hydration hastens clinical improvement in mild acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 May;112(5):797-803. Abstract

85. Fisher JM, Gardner TB. The "golden hours" of management in acute pancreatitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012 Aug;107(8):1146-50. Abstract

86. van Dijk SM, Hallensleben NDL, van Santvoort HC, et al. Acute pancreatitis: recent advances through randomised trials. Gut. 2017 Nov;66(11):2024-32. Abstract

87. Moretti A, Papi C, Aratari A, et al. Is early endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography useful in the management of acute biliary pancreatitis? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Dig Liver Dis. 2008 May;40(5):379-85. Abstract

88. Basurto Ona X, Rigau Comas D, Urrútia G. Opioids for acute pancreatitis pain. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jul 26;(7):CD009179.Full text  Abstract

89. American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012 Apr;60(4):616-31.Full text  Abstract

90. Ramírez-Maldonado E, López Gordo S, Pueyo EM, et al. Immediate oral refeeding in patients with mild and moderate acute pancreatitis: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial (PADI trial). Ann Surg. 2021 Aug 1;274(2):255-63. Abstract

91. Vaughn VM, Shuster D, Rogers MAM, et al. Early versus delayed feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2017 Jun 20;166(12):883-92. Abstract

92. Bakker OJ, van Brunschot S, van Santvoort HC, et al. Early versus on-demand nasoenteric tube feeding in acute pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Nov 20;371(21):1983-93.Full text  Abstract

93. Liang XY, Wu XA, Tian Y, et al. Effects of early versus delayed feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2024 May-Jun 01;58(5):522-30.Full text  Abstract

94. Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2020 Mar;39(3):612-31.Full text  Abstract

95. Yi F, Ge L, Zhao J, et al. Meta-analysis: total parenteral nutrition versus total enteral nutrition in predicted severe acute pancreatitis. Intern Med. 2012;51(6):523-30.Full text  Abstract

96. Mirtallo JM, Forbes A, McClave SA, et al. International consensus guidelines for nutrition therapy in pancreatitis. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 2012 May;36(3):284-91. Abstract

97. Petrov MS, Zagainov V. Influence of enteral versus parenteral nutrition on blood glucose control in acute pancreatitis: a systematic review. Clin Nutr. 2007 Oct;26(5):514-23. Abstract

98. Petrov MS, Kukosh MV, Emelyanov NV. A randomized controlled trial of enteral versus parenteral feeding in patients with predicted severe acute pancreatitis shows a significant reduction in mortality and in infected pancreatic complications with total enteral nutrition. Dig Surg. 2006;23(5-6):336-44; discussion 344-5. Abstract

99. Dutta AK, Goel A, Kirubakaran R, et al. Nasogastric versus nasojejunal tube feeding for severe acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Mar 26;(3):CD010582.Full text  Abstract

100. Hsieh PH, Yang TC, Kang EY, et al. Impact of nutritional support routes on mortality in acute pancreatitis: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Intern Med. 2024 Jun;295(6):759-73.Full text  Abstract

101. Poropat G, Giljaca V, Hauser G, et al. Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 23;(3):CD010605.Full text  Abstract

102. Dellinger EP, Tellado JM, Soto NE, et al. Early antibiotic treatment for severe acute necrotizing pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Ann Surg. 2007 May;245(5):674-83.Full text  Abstract

103. Jiang K, Huang W, Yang XN, et al. Present and future of prophylactic antibiotics for severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 2012 Jan 21;18(3):279-84.Full text  Abstract

104. Rusu A, Munteanu AC, Arbănași EM, et al. Overview of side-effects of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: new drugs versus old drugs, a step forward in the safety profile? Pharmaceutics. 2023 Mar 1;15(3):804.Full text  Abstract

105. Boxhoorn L, van Dijk SM, van Grinsven J, et al. Immediate versus postponed intervention for infected necrotizing pancreatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Oct 7;385(15):1372-81. Abstract

106. Yang Y, Zhang Y, Wen S, et al. The optimal timing and intervention to reduce mortality for necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. World J Emerg Surg. 2023 Jan 27;18(1):9.Full text  Abstract

107. Nakai Y, Shiomi H, Hamada T, et al. Early versus delayed interventions for necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. DEN Open. 2023 Apr;3(1):e171.Full text  Abstract

108. Gurusamy KS, Belgaumkar AP, Haswell A, et al. Interventions for necrotising pancreatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Apr 16;(4):CD011383.Full text  Abstract

109. Gluck M, Ross A, Irani S, et al. Endoscopic and percutaneous drainage of symptomatic walled-off pancreatic necrosis reduces hospital stay and radiographic resources. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Dec;8(12):1083-8.Full text  Abstract

110. Vitas GJ, Sarr MG. Selected management of pancreatic pseudocysts: operative versus expectant management. Surgery. 1992 Feb;111(2):123-30. Abstract

111. Demcsák A, Soós A, Kincses L, et al. Acid suppression therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection in acute pancreatitis - an international cohort study. Pancreatology. 2020 Oct;20(7):1323-31.Full text  Abstract

112. Ayoub M, Tomanguillo J, Faris C, et al. Use of proton pump inhibitors improves outcomes in mild acute pancreatitis: a nationwide cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2024 Apr 5;103(14):e37694.Full text  Abstract

113. Bruen C, Miller J, Wilburn J, et al. Auxora for the treatment of patients with acute pancreatitis and accompanying systemic inflammatory response syndrome: clinical development of a calcium release-activated calcium channel inhibitor. Pancreas. 2021 Apr 1;50(4):537-43.Full text  Abstract

114. ASGE Standards of Practice Committee; Chathadi KV, Chandrasekhara V, Acosta RD, et al. The role of ERCP in benign diseases of the biliary tract. Gastrointest Endosc. 2015 Apr;81(4):795-803.Full text  Abstract

115. Li S, Gao L, Gong H, et al. Recurrence rates and risk factors for recurrence after first episode of acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Intern Med. 2023 Oct;116:72-81.Full text  Abstract

116. Sankaran SJ, Xiao AY, Wu LM, et al. Frequency of progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis and risk factors: a meta-analysis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov;149(6):1490-500.Full text  Abstract

117. Bouça-Machado T, Bouwense SAW, Brand M, et al. Position statement on the definition, incidence, diagnosis and outcome of acute on chronic pancreatitis. Pancreatology. 2023 Mar;23(2):143-50.Full text  Abstract

118. Herrera ME, Seller G, de la Rubia C, et al. Hemofiltration in acute pancreatitis [in Spanish]. Med Intensiva. 2003;27:137-43.

119. Sainio V, Kemppainen E, Puolakkainen P, et al. Early antibiotic treatment in acute necrotising pancreatitis. Lancet. 1995 Sep 9;346(8976):663-7. Abstract

120. Hernandez-Aranda JC, Gallo-Chico B, Ramirez-Barba EJ. Nutritional support in severe acute pancreatitis. Controlled clinical trial [in Spanish]. Nutr Hosp. 1996 May-Jun;11(3):160-6. Abstract

121. Kotani J, Usami M, Nomura H, et al. Enteral nutrition prevents bacterial translocation but does not improve survival during acute pancreatitis. Arch Surg. 1999 Mar;134(3):287-92. Abstract

122. Ammori BJ. Role of the gut in the course of severe acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 2003 Mar;26(2):122-9. Abstract

123. Hart PA, Bradley D, Conwell DL, et al. Diabetes following acute pancreatitis. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2021 Aug;6(8):668-75. Abstract

124. Whitcomb DC, Buchner AM, Forsmark CE. AGA Clinical practice update on the epidemiology, evaluation, and management of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2023 Nov;165(5):1292-301.Full text  Abstract

125. Zahariev OJ, Bunduc S, Kovács A, et al. Risk factors for diabetes mellitus after acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Jan 9:10:1257222.Full text  Abstract

126. Borbély RZ, Szalai EÁ, Philip BM, et al. The risk of developing splanchnic vein thrombosis in acute pancreatitis increases 3 days after symptom onset: a systematic review and meta-analysis. United European Gastroenterol J. 2024 Jul;12(6):678-90.Full text  Abstract

127. Bråthen G, Ben-Menachem E, Brodtkorb E, et al. Chapter 29: alcohol-related seizures. EFNS guidelines of alcohol-related seizures. In: Gilhus NE, Barnes MP, Brainin M, eds. European handbook of neurological management. 2nd ed, v1. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing; 2011:429-36.

128. Preiss D, Tikkanen MJ, Welsh P, et al. Lipid-modifying therapies and risk of pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2012 Aug 22;308(8):804-11.Full text  Abstract

129. Andriulli A, Leandro G, Niro G, et al. Pharmacologic treatment can prevent pancreatic injury after ERCP: a meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2000 Jan;51(1):1-7. Abstract

130. Venneman NG, van Erpecum KJ. Gallstone disease: primary and secondary prevention. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):1063-73. Abstract

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