Hip fractures

References

Key articles

American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Management of hip fractures in older adults: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. December 2021 [internet publication].Full text

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute hip pain - suspected fracture. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

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29. Dunstan CR, Somers NM, Evans RA. Osteocyte death and hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int. 1993;53 Suppl 1:S113-6; discussion S116-7. Abstract

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32. Royal College of Physicians. National hip fracture database: anaesthesia sprint audit of practice (ASAP). 2014 [internet publication].Full text

33. Shah R, Raji MA, Westra J, et al. Association of co-prescribing of opioid and benzodiazepine substitutes with incident falls and fractures among older adults: a cohort study. BMJ Open. 2021 Dec 30;11(12):e052057.Full text  Abstract

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35. Kanis JA, Johansson H, Oden A, et al. A meta-analysis of prior corticosteroid use and fracture risk. J Bone Miner Res. 2004 Jun;19(6):893-9.Full text  Abstract

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39. Lewiecki EM, Wright NC, Singer AJ. Racial disparities, FRAX, and the care of patients with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int. 2020 Nov;31(11):2069-71.Full text  Abstract

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43. Oliver D, Connelly JB, Victor CR, et al. Strategies to prevent falls and fractures in hospitals and care homes and effect of cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analyses. BMJ. 2007 Jan 13;334(7584):82.Full text  Abstract

44. Cameron ID, Dyer SM, Panagoda CE, et al. Interventions for preventing falls in older people in care facilities and hospitals. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Sep 7;9(9):CD005465.Full text  Abstract

45. Parker MJ, Gillespie WJ, Gillespie LD. Effectiveness of hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in elderly people: systematic review. BMJ. 2006 Mar 11;332(7541):571-4.Full text  Abstract

46. Santesso N, Carrasco-Labra A, Brignardello-Petersen R. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Mar 31;(3):CD001255.Full text  Abstract

47. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Falls in older people: assessing risk and prevention. June 2013 [internet publication].Full text

48. LaMonte MJ, Wactawski-Wende J, Larson JC, et al. Association of physical activity and fracture risk among postmenopausal women. JAMA Netw Open. 2019 Oct 2;2(10):e1914084.Full text  Abstract

49. Choi HG, Kim DS, Lee B, et al. High risk of hip and spinal fractures after distal radius fracture: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Jul 10;18(14):7391.Full text  Abstract

50. Johnson NA, Stirling ER, Divall P, et al. Risk of hip fracture following a wrist fracture: a meta-analysis. Injury. 2017 Feb;48(2):399-405. Abstract

51. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: acute hip pain - suspected fracture. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

52. Jensen JS. Classification of trochanteric fractures. Acta Orthop Scand. 1980 Oct;51(5):803-10. Abstract

53. Dominguez S, Liu P, Roberts C, et al. Prevalence of traumatic hip and pelvic fractures in patients with suspected hip fracture and negative initial standard radiographs--a study of emergency department patients. Acad Emerg Med. 2005 Apr;12(4):366-9.Full text  Abstract

54. Frihagen F, Nordsletten L, Tariq R, et al. MRI diagnosis of occult hip fractures. Acta Orthop. 2005 Aug;76(4):524-30.Full text  Abstract

55. Verbeeten KM, Hermann KL, Hasselqvist M, et al. The advantages of MRI in the detection of occult hip fractures. Eur Radiol. 2005 Jan;15(1):165-9. Abstract

56. Rubin SJ, Marquardt JD, Gottlieb RH, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging: a cost-effective alternative to bone scintigraphy in the evaluation of patients with suspected hip fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 1998 Apr;27(4):199-204. Abstract

57. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Prevention of surgical site infections after major extremity trauma: evidence-based clinical practice guideline. March 2022 [internet publication].Full text

58. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Prevention of surgical site infections after major extremity trauma: appropriate use criteria. March 2022 [internet publication].Full text

59. Handoll HH, Parker MJ. Conservative versus operative treatment for hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2008 Jul 16;(3):CD000337.Full text  Abstract

60. Mak JC, Cameron ID, March LM; National Health and Medical Research Council (Australia). Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hip fractures in older persons: an update. Med J Aust. 2010 Jan 4;192(1):37-41. Abstract

61. Khan SK, Kalra S, Khanna A, et al. Timing of surgery for hip fractures: a systematic review of 52 published studies involving 291,413 patients. Injury. 2009 Jul;40(7):692-7. Abstract

62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hip fracture: management. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text

63. Simunovic N, Devereaux PJ, Sprague S, et al. Effect of early surgery after hip fracture on mortality and complications: systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 2010 Oct 19;182(15):1609-16.Full text  Abstract

64. Moja L, Piatti A, Pecoraro V, et al. Timing matters in hip fracture surgery: patients operated within 48 hours have better outcomes - a meta-analysis and meta-regression of over 190,000 patients. PLoS One. 2012;7(10):e46175.Full text  Abstract

65. Pincus D, Ravi B, Wasserstein D, et al. Association between wait time and 30-day mortality in adults undergoing hip fracture surgery. JAMA. 2017 Nov 28;318(20):1994-2003.Full text  Abstract

66. HIP ATTACK Investigators. Accelerated surgery versus standard care in hip fracture (HIP ATTACK): an international, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2020 Feb 29;395(10225):698-708. Abstract

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72. Southwell-Keely JP, Russo RR, March L, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis in hip fracture surgery: a metaanalysis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2004 Feb;(419):179-84.Full text  Abstract

73. Gillespie WJ, Walenkamp G. Antibiotic prophylaxis for surgery for proximal femoral and other closed long bone fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Mar 17;(3):CD000244.Full text  Abstract

74. Lewis SR, Macey R, Eardley WG, et al. Internal fixation implants for intracapsular hip fractures in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Mar 9;3(3):CD013409.Full text  Abstract

75. Fixation using Alternative Implants for the Treatment of Hip fractures (FAITH) Investigators. Fracture fixation in the operative management of hip fractures (FAITH): an international, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Apr 15;389(10078):1519-27.Full text  Abstract

76. Okike K, Udogwu UN, Isaac M, et al. Not all Garden-I and II femoral neck fractures in the elderly should be fixed: effect of posterior tilt on rates of subsequent arthroplasty. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2019 Oct 16;101(20):1852-9.Full text  Abstract

77. Sjöholm P, Otten V, Wolf O, et al. Posterior and anterior tilt increases the risk of failure after internal fixation of Garden I and II femoral neck fracture. Acta Orthop. 2019 Dec;90(6):537-41.Full text  Abstract

78. Jain R, Koo M, Kreder HJ, et al. Comparison of early and delayed fixation of subcapital hip fractures in patients sixty years of age or less. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2002 Sep;84-A(9):1605-12. Abstract

79. Dedrick DK, Mackenzie JR, Burney RE. Complications of femoral neck fracture in young adults. J Trauma. 1986 Oct;26(10):932-7. Abstract

80. Duckworth AD, Bennet SJ, Aderinto J, et al. Fixation of intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck in young patients: risk factors for failure. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2011 Jun;93(6):811-6. Abstract

81. Lowe JA, Crist BD, Bhandari M, et al. Optimal treatment of femoral neck fractures according to patient's physiologic age: an evidence-based review. Orthop Clin North Am. 2010 Apr;41(2):157-66. Abstract

82. Lu Q, Tang G, Zhao X, et al. Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation in super-aged patients with undisplaced femoral neck fractures: a 5-year follow-up of randomized controlled trial. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2017 Jan;137(1):27-35. Abstract

83. Støen RØ, Lofthus CM, Nordsletten L, et al. Randomized trial of hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for femoral neck fractures: no differences at 6 years. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2014 Jan;472(1):360-7.Full text  Abstract

84. Parker MJ, Pryor G, Gurusamy K. Hemiarthroplasty versus internal fixation for displaced intracapsular hip fractures: a long-term follow-up of a randomised trial. Injury. 2010 Apr;41(4):370-3. Abstract

85. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Swiontkowski MF, et al. Internal fixation compared with arthroplasty for displaced fractures of the femoral neck: a meta-analysis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2003 Sep;85-A(9):1673-81. Abstract

86. Parker MJ, Gurusamy K. Internal fixation versus arthroplasty for intracapsular proximal femoral fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Oct 18;(4):CD001708.Full text  Abstract

87. Lewis DP, Wæver D, Thorninger R, et al. Hemiarthroplasty vs total hip arthroplasty for the management of displaced neck of femur fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Arthroplasty. 2019 Aug;34(8):1837-43. Abstract

88. Burgers PT, Van Geene AR, Van den Bekerom MP, et al. Total hip arthroplasty versus hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in the healthy elderly: a meta-analysis and systematic review of randomized trials. Int Orthop. 2012 Aug;36(8):1549-60.Full text  Abstract

89. HEALTH Investigators; Bhandari M, Einhorn TA, Guyatt G, et al. Total hip arthroplasty or hemiarthroplasty for hip fracture. N Engl J Med. 2019 Dec 5;381(23):2199-208.Full text  Abstract

90. Sharma V, Awasthi B, Kumar K, et al. Outcome analysis of hemiarthroplasty vs. total hip replacement in displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 May;10(5):RC11-3.Full text  Abstract

91. Bhandari M, Devereaux PJ, Tornetta P 3rd, et al. Operative management of displaced femoral neck fractures in elderly patients: an international survey. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2005 Sep;87(9):2122-30. Abstract

92. Woon CYL, Moretti VM, Schwartz BE, et al. Total hip arthroplasty and hemiarthroplasty: US national trends in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 2017 Nov/Dec;46(6):E474-8. Abstract

93. Iorio R, Schwartz B, Macaulay W, et al. Surgical treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in the elderly: a survey of the American Association of Hip and Knee Surgeons. J Arthroplasty. 2006 Dec;21(8):1124-33. Abstract

94. Ravi B, Jenkinson R, Austin PC, et al. Relation between surgeon volume and risk of complications after total hip arthroplasty: propensity score matched cohort study. BMJ. 2014 May 23;348:g3284.Full text  Abstract

95. Alolabi N, Alolabi B, Mundi R, et al. Surgical preferences of patients at risk of hip fractures: hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2011 Dec 23;12:289.Full text  Abstract

96. Parker MI, Pryor G, Gurusamy K. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for intracapsular hip fractures: a randomised controlled trial in 400 patients. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2010 Jan;92(1):116-22. Abstract

97. Inngul C, Blomfeldt R, Ponzer S, et al. Cemented versus uncemented arthroplasty in patients with a displaced fracture of the femoral neck: a randomised controlled trial. Bone Joint J. 2015 Nov;97-B(11):1475-80. Abstract

98. Deangelis JP, Ademi A, Staff I, et al. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: a prospective randomized trial with early follow-up. J Orthop Trauma. 2012 Mar;26(3):135-40. Abstract

99. Ning GZ, Li YL, Wu Q, et al. Cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures: an updated meta-analysis. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2014 Jan;24(1):7-14. Abstract

100. Luo X, He S, Li Z, et al. Systematic review of cemented versus uncemented hemiarthroplasty for displaced femoral neck fractures in older patients. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2012 Apr;132(4):455-63. Abstract

101. Veldman HD, Heyligers IC, Grimm B, et al. Cemented versus cementless hemiarthroplasty for a displaced fracture of the femoral neck: a systematic review and meta-analysis of current generation hip stems. Bone Joint J. 2017 Apr;99-B(4):421-31. Abstract

102. Fernandez MA, Achten J, Lerner RG, et al. Randomised controlled trial comparing hydroxyapatite coated uncemented hemiarthroplasty with cemented hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced intracapsular hip fractures: a protocol for the WHITE 5 study. BMJ Open. 2019 Dec 9;9(12):e033957.Full text  Abstract

103. Lewis SR, Macey R, Parker MJ, et al. Arthroplasties for hip fracture in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 14;2(2):CD013410.Full text  Abstract

104. Niu E, Yang A, Harris AH, et al. Which fixation device is preferred for surgical treatment of intertrochanteric hip fractures in the United States? A survey of orthopaedic surgeons. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2015 Nov;473(11):3647-55.Full text  Abstract

105. Parker MJ, Cawley S. Sliding hip screw versus the Targon PFT nail for trochanteric hip fractures: a randomised trial of 400 patients. Bone Joint J. 2017 Sep;99-B(9):1210-5. Abstract

106. Pandarinath R, Amdur R, DeBritz JN, et al. Comparison of short-term complication rates between cephalomedullary hip screw devices and sliding hip screws: an analysis of the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2018 Dec 1;26(23):845-51. Abstract

107. Cai L, Wang T, Di L, et al. Comparison of intramedullary and extramedullary fixation of stable intertrochanteric fractures in the elderly: a prospective randomised controlled trial exploring hidden perioperative blood loss. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Nov 15;17(1):475.Full text  Abstract

108. Varela-Egocheaga JR, Iglesias-Colao R, Suárez-Suárez MA, et al. Minimally invasive osteosynthesis in stable trochanteric fractures: a comparative study between Gotfried percutaneous compression plate and Gamma 3 intramedullary nail. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2009 Oct;129(10):1401-7. Abstract

109. Lewis SR, Macey R, Gill JR, et al. Cephalomedullary nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures in older adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jan 26;1(1):CD000093.Full text  Abstract

110. Whale CS, Hulet DA, Beebe MJ, et al. Cephalomedullary nail versus sliding hip screw for fixation of AO 31 A1/2 intertrochanteric femoral fracture: a 12-year comparison of failure, complications, and mortality. Curr Orthop Pract. Nov-Dec 2016;27(6):604-13.Full text  Abstract

111. Warren JA, Sundaram K, Hampton R, et al. Cephalomedullary nailing versus sliding hip screws for Intertrochanteric and basicervical hip fractures: a propensity-matched study of short-term outcomes in over 17,000 patients. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol. 2020 Feb;30(2):243-50. Abstract

112. Miedel R, Ponzer S, Törnkvist H, et al. The standard Gamma nail or the Medoff sliding plate for unstable trochanteric and subtrochanteric fractures. A randomised, controlled trial. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Jan;87(1):68-75. Abstract

113. Miller TE, Myles PS. Perioperative fluid therapy for major surgery. Anesthesiology. 2019 May;130(5):825-32.Full text  Abstract

114. Cameron ID. Coordinated multidisciplinary rehabilitation after hip fracture. Disabil Rehabil. 2005 Sep 30-Oct 15;27(18-19):1081-90. Abstract

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117. Foss NB, Kristensen MT, Kristensen BB, et al. Effect of postoperative epidural analgesia on rehabilitation and pain after hip fracture surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-cotrolled trial. Anesthesiology. 2005 Jun;102(6):1197-204. Abstract

118. Foss NB, Kristensen MT, Palm H, et al. Postoperative pain after hip fracture is procedure specific. Br J Anaesth. 2009 Jan;102(1):111-6.Full text  Abstract

119. Guay J, Kopp S. Peripheral nerve blocks for hip fractures in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Nov 25;11(11):CD001159.Full text  Abstract

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124. Handoll HH, Cameron ID, Mak JC, et al. Multidisciplinary rehabilitation for older people with hip fractures. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 12;11(11):CD007125.Full text  Abstract

125. Chudyk AM, Jutai JW, Petrella RJ, et al. Systematic review of hip fracture rehabilitation practices in the elderly. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009 Feb;90(2):246-62. Abstract

126. Prestmo A, Hagen G, Sletvold O, et al. Comprehensive geriatric care for patients with hip fractures: a prospective, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2015 Apr 25;385(9978):1623-33. Abstract

127. Eamer G, Taheri A, Chen SS, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment for older people admitted to a surgical service. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jan 31;(1):CD012485.Full text  Abstract

128. Crotty M, Unroe K, Cameron ID, et al. Rehabilitation interventions for improving physical and psychosocial functioning after hip fracture in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD007624.Full text  Abstract

129. Auais MA, Eilayyan O, Mayo NE. Extended exercise rehabilitation after hip fracture improves patients' physical function: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phys Ther. 2012 Nov;92(11):1437-51. Abstract

130. Avenell A, Smith TO, Curtain JP, et al. Nutritional supplementation for hip fracture aftercare in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Nov 30;(11):CD001880.Full text  Abstract

131. Farooqi V, van den Berg ME, Cameron ID, et al. Anabolic steroids for rehabilitation after hip fracture in older people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 6;(10):CD008887.Full text  Abstract

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