Interstitial cystitis (bladder pain syndrome)

Clemens JQ, Erickson DR, Varela NP et al. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol. 2022 July;208(1):34-42.Full text

Engeler D, Baranowski AP, Berghmans B, et al. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on chronic pelvic pain. 2022 [internet publication].​Full text

van de Merwe JP, Nordling J, Bouchelouche P, et al. Diagnostic criteria, classification, and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal. Eur Urol. 2008 Jan;53(1):60-7. Abstract

Cox A, Golda N, Nadeau G, et al. CUA guideline: diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Can Urol Assoc J. 2016 May-Jun;10(5-6):E136-55.Full text  Abstract

Imamura M, Scott NW, Wallace SA, et al. Interventions for treating people with symptoms of bladder pain syndrome: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 30;7(7):CD013325.Full text  Abstract

1. Clemens JQ, Erickson DR, Varela NP et al. Diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: AUA guideline amendment. J Urol. 2022 July;208(1):34-42.Full text

2. Bogart LM, Berry SH, Clemens JQ. Symptoms of interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome and similar diseases in women: a systematic review. J Urol. 2007 Feb;177(2):450-6. Abstract

3. Engeler D, Baranowski AP, Berghmans B, et al. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on chronic pelvic pain. 2022 [internet publication].​Full text

4. van de Merwe JP, Nordling J, Bouchelouche P, et al. Diagnostic criteria, classification, and nomenclature for painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis: an ESSIC proposal. Eur Urol. 2008 Jan;53(1):60-7. Abstract

5. Han E, Nguyen L, Sirls L, et al. Current best practice management of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Ther Adv Urol. 2018 Mar 19;10(7):197-211.Full text  Abstract

6. Hanno P, Lin A, Nordling J, et al; Bladder Pain Syndrome Committee of the International Consultation on Incontinence. Bladder pain syndrome international consultation on incontinence. Neurourol Urodyn. 2008 Jan;53(1):60-7.Full text  Abstract

7. Porru D, Tinelli C, Gerardini M, et al. Evaluation of urinary and general symptoms and correlation with other clinical parameters in interstitial cystitis patients. Neurourol Urodyn. 2005;24(1):69-73. Abstract

8. Curhan GC, Speizer FE, Hunter DJ, et al. Epidemiology of interstitial cystitis: a population based study. J Urol. 1999 Feb;161(2):549-52. Abstract

9. Patnaik SS, Laganà AS, Vitale SG, et al. Etiology, pathophysiology and biomarkers of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2017 Jun;295(6):1341-59. Abstract

10. Berry SH, Elliott MN, Suttorp M, et al. Prevalence of symptoms of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis among adult females in the United States. J Urol. 2011 Aug;186(2):540-4. Abstract

11. Clemens JQ, Meenan RT, Rosetti MC, et al. Prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis in a managed care population. J Urol. 2005 Jan;173(1):98-102. Abstract

12. Lee JW, Yoo KH, Choi H. Prevalence of Bladder Pain Syndrome-like Symptoms: a Population-based Study in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2021 Nov 29;36(46):e293.Full text  Abstract

13. Dallas KB, Bresee C, De Hoedt A, et al. Demographic differences and disparities in the misdiagnosis of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome in a national cohort of VA patients. Urology. 2022 May;163:22-8. Abstract

14. Bresler L, Westbay LC, Fitzgerald CM. Bladder pain syndrome in women. JAMA. 2019 Dec 24;322(24):2435-6. Abstract

15. Derbyshire L, Pearce I. Bladder pain syndrome. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med. 2021 July;31(8):225-31.

16. Close CE, Carr MC, Burns MW, et al. Interstitial cystitis in children. J Urol. 1996 Aug;156(2 Pt 2):860-2. Abstract

17. Erickson DR, Propert KJ. Pregnancy and interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urol Clin North Am. 2007 Feb;34(1):61-9. Abstract

18. Peters KM, Carrico DJ, Diokno AC. Characterization of a clinical cohort of 87 women with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2008 Apr;71(4):634-40. Abstract

19. Peters KM, Kalinowski SE, Carrico DJ, et al. Fact or fiction: is abuse prevalent in patients with interstitial cystitis? Results from a community survey and clinic population. J Urol. 2007 Sep;178(3 Pt 1):891-5. Abstract

20. Tirlapur SA, Birch JV, Carberry CL, et al., on behalf of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. Management of bladder pain syndrome. BJOG. 2017 Jan;124(2):e46-e72.Full text

21. Bullones Rodríguez MÁ, Afari N, Buchwald DS; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Working Group on Urological Chronic Pelvic Pain. Evidence for overlap between urological and nonurological unexplained clinical conditions. J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1 Suppl):S66-74. Abstract

22. Shorter B, Leser M, Moldwin RM, et al. Effect of comestibles on symptoms of interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2007 Jul;178(1):145-52. Abstract

23. Alagiri M, Chottiner S, Ratner V, et al. Interstitial cystitis: unexplained associations with other chronic disease and pain syndromes. Urology. 1997 May;49(5A Suppl):52-7. Abstract

24. Clemens JQ, Meenan RT, O'Keeffe Rosetti MC, et al. Case-control study of medical comorbidities in women with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2008 Jun;179(6):2222-5. Abstract

25. Peters K, Girdler B, Carrico D, et al. Painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis and vulvodynia: a clinical correlation. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2008 May;19(5):665-9. Abstract

26. Yamada T, Sakai N, Murayama T, et al. Two cases of interstitial cystitis complicated with migraine [in Japanese]. Hinyokika Kiyo. 1999 Jan;45(1):61-4. Abstract

27. van de Merwe JP. Interstitial cystitis and systemic autoimmune diseases. Nat Clin Pract Urol.2007 Sep;4(9):484-91. Abstract

28. Lee J, Doggweiler-Wiygul R, Kim S, et al. Is interstitial cystitis an allergic disorder? A case of interstitial cystitis treated successfully with anti-IgE. Int J Urol. 2006 May;13(5):631-4. Abstract

29. Killinger KA, Boura JA, Peters KM. Pain in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: do characteristics differ in ulcerative and non-ulcerative subtypes? Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Aug;24(8):1295-301. Abstract

30. Hillelsohn JH, Rais-Bahrami S, Friedlander JI, et al. Fulguration for Hunner ulcers: long-term clinical outcomes. J Urol. 2012 Dec;188(6):2238-41. Abstract

31. Erickson DR, Tomaszewski JE, Kunselman AR, et al. Do the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases cystoscopic criteria associate with other clinical and objective features of interstitial cystitis? J Urol. 2005 Jan;173(1):93-7. Abstract

32. Ottem DP, Teichman JM. What is the value of cystoscopy with hydrodistension for interstitial cystitis? Urology. 2005 Sep;66(3):494-9. Abstract

33. Keay S. Cell signaling in interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Cell Signal. 2008 Dec;20(12):2174-9. Abstract

34. Seth JH, Sahai A, Khan MS, et al. Nerve growth factor (NGF): a potential urinary biomarker for overactive bladder syndrome (OAB)? BJU Int. 2013 Mar;111(3):372-80. Abstract

35. Payne C, Allee T. Goal achievement provides new insights into interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome symptoms and outcomes. Neurourol Urodyn. 2009;28(1):13-7. Abstract

36. Kushner L, Moldwin RM. Efficiency of questionnaires used to screen for interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2006 Aug;176(2):587-92. Abstract

37. Clemens JQ, Brown SO, Kozloff L, et al. Predictors of symptom severity in patients with chronic prostatitis and interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2006 Mar;175(3 Pt 1):963-6. Abstract

38. Paulson JD, Delgado M. The relationship between interstitial cystitis and endometriosis in patients with chronic pelvic pain. JSLS. 2007 Apr-Jun;11(2):175-81. Abstract

39. Warren JW, Howard FM, Cross RK, et al. Antecedent nonbladder syndromes in case-control study of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. Urology. 2009 Jan;73(1):52-7. Abstract

40. Cox A, Golda N, Nadeau G, et al. CUA guideline: diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Can Urol Assoc J. 2016 May-Jun;10(5-6):E136-55.Full text  Abstract

41. Parsons CL, Dell J, Stanford EJ, et al. Increased prevalence of interstitial cystitis: previously unrecognized urologic and gynaecologic cases identified using a new symptom questionnaire and intravesical potassium sensitivity. Urology. 2002 Oct;60(4):573-8. Abstract

42. O'Leary MP, Sant GR, Fowler FJ Jr, et al. The interstitial cystitis symptom index and problem index. Urology. 1997 May;49(5A Suppl):58-63. Abstract

43. Propert KJ, Mayer RD, Wang Y, et al. Responsiveness of symptom scales for interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2006 Jan;67(1):55-9. Abstract

44. Imamura M, Scott NW, Wallace SA, et al. Interventions for treating people with symptoms of bladder pain syndrome: a network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Jul 30;7(7):CD013325.Full text  Abstract

45. Geirsson G, Wang YH, Lindstrom S, et al. Traditional acupuncture and electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve: a trial in chronic interstitial cystitis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1993;27(1):67-70. Abstract

46. Hanno PM, Landis JR, Matthews-Cook Y, et al; Interstitial Cystitis Database Study Group. The diagnosis of interstitial cystitis revisited: lessons learned from the National Institutes of Health Interstitial Cystitis Database study. J Urol. 1999 Feb;161(2):553-7. Abstract

47. Nickel JC, Barkin J, Forrest J, et al; Elmiron study group. Randomized, double blind, dose-ranging study of pentosan polysulfate sodium for interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2005 Apr;65(4):654-8. Abstract

48. Nickel JC, Herschorn S, Whitmore KE, et al. Pentosan polysulfate sodium for treatment of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: insights from a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. J Urol. 2015 Mar;193(3):857-62. Abstract

49. Amrute KV, Moldwin RM. Pharmacotherapy of interstitial cystitis in women. Womens Health (Lond Engl).2007 Jan;3(1):63-72.

50. Theoharides TC, Sant GR. Hydroxyzine therapy for interstitial cystitis. Urology. 1997 May;49(5A Suppl):108-10. Abstract

51. Sant GR, Propert KJ, Hanno PM, et al. A pilot clinical trial of oral pentosan polysulfate and oral hydroxyzine in patients with interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2003 Sep;170(3):810-5. Abstract

52. Pranikoff K, Constantino G. The use of amitriptyline in patients with urinary frequency and pain. Urology. 1998 May;51(5A Suppl):179-81. Abstract

53. van Ophoven A, Pokupic S, Heinecke A, et al. A prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study of amitriptyline for the treatment of interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2004 Aug;172(2):533-6. Abstract

54. van Ophoven A, Hertle L. Long term results of amitriptyline treatment for interstitial cystitis. J Urol. 2005 Nov;174(5):1837-40. Abstract

55. Hansen HC. Interstitial cystitis and the potential role of gabapentin. South Med J. 2000 Feb;93(2):238-42. Abstract

56. Lewis SC, Bhattacharya S, Wu O, et al. Gabapentin for the management of chronic pelvic pain in women (GaPP1): a pilot randomised controlled trial. PLoS One. 2016 Apr 12;11(4):e0153037.Full text  Abstract

57. Sairanen J, Forsell T, Ruutu M. Long-term outcome of patients with interstitial cystitis treated with low dose cyclosporine A. J Urol. 2004 Jun;171(6 Pt 1):2138-41. Abstract

58. Forrest JB, Payne CK, Erickson DR. Cyclosporine A for refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: experience of 3 tertiary centers. J Urol. 2012 Oct;188(4):1186-91. Abstract

59. Faculty of Pain Medicine; British Pain Society; Royal College of Nurses; et al. Core standards for pain management services in the UK. October 2015 [internet publication].

60. Barua JM, Arance I, Angulo JC, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy of intravesical therapy for bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Int Urogynecol J. 2016 Aug;27(8):1137-47.Full text  Abstract

61. Nickel JC, Moldwin R, Lee S, et al. Intravesical alkalinized lidocaine (PSD597) offers sustained relief from symptoms of interstitial cystitis and painful bladder syndrome. BJU Int. 2009 Apr;103(7):910-8. Abstract

62. Nomiya A, Naruse T, Niimi A, et al. On- and post-treatment symptom relief by repeated instillations of heparin and alkalized lidocaine in interstitial cystitis. Int J Urol. 2013 Nov;20(11):1118-22.Full text  Abstract

63. Smith CP, Radziszewski P, Borkowski A, et al. Botulinum toxin a has antinociceptive effects in treating interstitial cystitis. Urology. 2004 Nov;64(5):871-5. Abstract

64. Giannantoni A, Costantini E, Di Stasi SM, et al. Botulinum A toxin intravesical injections in the treatment of painful bladder syndrome: a pilot study. Eur Urol. 2006 Apr;49(4):704-9.Full text  Abstract

65. Kuo HC, Jiang YH, Tsai YC, et al. Intravesical botulinum toxin-A injections reduce bladder pain of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome refractory to conventional treatment: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurourol Urodyn. 2016 Jun;35(5):609-14. Abstract

66. Bhide AA, Puccini F, Khullar V, et al. Botulinum neurotoxin type A injection of the pelvic floor muscle in pain due to spasticity: a review of the current literature. Int Urogynecol J. 2013 Sep;24(9):1429-34. Abstract

67. Peters KM, Konstandt D. Sacral neuromodulation decreases narcotic requirements in refractory interstitial cystitis. BJU Int. 2004 Apr;93(6):777-9. Abstract

68. Peters K, Killinger K, Boguslawski BM, et al. Chronic pudendal neuromodulation: expanding available treatment options for refractory urologic symptoms. Neurourol Urodyn. 2010 Sep;29(7):1267-71. Abstract

69. Fariello JY, Whitmore K. Sacral neuromodulation stimulation for IC/PBS, chronic pelvic pain, and sexual dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2010 Dec;21(12):1553-8. Abstract

70. van Balken MR, Vandoninck V, Messelink BJ, et al. Percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation as neuromodulative treatment of chronic pelvic pain. Eur Urol. 2003 Feb;43(2):158-63. Abstract

71. Lee CL, Kuo HC. Intravesical botulinum toxin A injections do not benefit patients with ulcer type interstitial cystitis. Pain Physician. 2013 Mar-Apr;16(2):109-16. Abstract

72. Peters KM, Jaeger C, Killinger KA, et al. Cystectomy for ulcerative interstitial cystitis: sequelae and patients' perceptions of improvement. Urology. 2013 Oct;82(4):829-33. Abstract

73. Osman NI, Bratt DG, Downey AP, et al. A systematic review of surgical interventions for the treatment of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis. Eur Urol Focus. 2021 Jul;7(4):877-85. Abstract

74. Yang TX, Luo DY, Li H, et al. Is urethrectomy necessary during cystectomy in patients with interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome? Urology. 2016 Nov;97:73-9. Abstract

75. Nickel JC, Egerdie B, Davis E, et al. A phase II study of the efficacy and safety of the novel oral SHIP1 activator AQX-1125 in subjects with moderate to severe interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. J Urol. 2016 Sep;196(3):747-54. Abstract

76. Nickel JC, Moldwin R, Hanno P, et al. Targeting the SHIP1 pathway fails to show treatment benefit in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome: lessons learned from evaluating potentially effective therapies in this enigmatic syndrome. J Urol. 2019 Aug;202(2):301-8. Abstract

77. Czarapata BJ. Super-strength, freeze-dried Aloe vera capsules in interstitial cystitis, painful bladder syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, and nonbacterial prostatitis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial using Desert Harvest aloe vera at the Urology Wellness Center, Rockville, Maryland. Paper presented at: the NIDDK Scientific Symposium. 1995. San Diego, California.Full text

78. ClinicalTrials.gov. Safety and efficacy of aloe vera in the management of the symptoms of interstitial cystitis. Feb 2021 [internet publication].Full text