Animal bites

References

Key articles

American Academy of Pediatrics. Bite wounds. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, et al (eds). Red Book: 2021 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021; 169-75.

Rao AK, Briggs D, Moore SM, et al. Use of a modified preexposure prophylaxis vaccination schedule to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 6;71(18):619-27.Full text  Abstract

Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Human and animal bites: antimicrobial prescribing. November 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Wodi AP, Murthy N, Bernstein H, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 18;71(7):234-37.Full text  Abstract

Murthy N, Wodi AP, Bernstein H, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 18;71(7):229-33.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. World Health Organization. Animal bites. February 2018 [internet publication].Full text

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12. American Academy of Pediatrics. Bite wounds. In: Kimberlin DW, Barnett ED, Lynfield R, et al (eds). Red Book: 2021 report of the Committee on Infectious Diseases. American Academy of Pediatrics; 2021; 169-75.

13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Nonfatal dog bite-related injuries treated in hospital emergency departments: United States, 2001. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2003 Jul 4;52(26):605-10.Full text  Abstract

14. Sacks JJ, Kresnow M, Houston B. Dog bites: how big a problem? Inj Prev. 1996 Mar;2(1):52-4. Abstract

15. Rao AK, Briggs D, Moore SM, et al. Use of a modified preexposure prophylaxis vaccination schedule to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 May 6;71(18):619-27.Full text  Abstract

16. World Health Organization. Weekly epidemiological record. Rabies vaccines: WHO position paper. April 2018 [internet publication].Full text

17. American Veterinary Medical Association Task Force on Canine Aggression and Human-Canine Interactions: a community approach to dog bite prevention. J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2001 Jun 1;218(11):1732-49. Abstract

18. Shen J, Rouse J, Godbole M, et al. Systematic review: interventions to educate children about dog safety and prevent pediatric dog-bite injuries: a meta-analytic review. J Pediatr Psychol. 2017 Aug 1;42(7):779-91.Full text  Abstract

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23. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP): what medical care will I receive if I may have been exposed to rabies? May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

24. Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections: 2014 update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):e10-52.Full text  Abstract

25. Xiaowei Z, Wei L, Xiaowei H, et al. Comparison of primary and delayed wound closure of dog-bite wounds. Vet Comp Orthop Traumatol. 2013;26(3):204-7. Abstract

26. Rui-feng C, Li-song H, Ji-bo Z, et al. Emergency treatment on facial laceration of dog bite wounds with immediate primary closure: a prospective randomized trial study. BMC Emerg Med. 2013;13(suppl 1):S2.Full text  Abstract

27. Paschos NK, Makris EA, Gantsos A, et al. Primary closure versus non-closure of dog bite wounds. A randomised controlled trial. Injury. 2014 Jan;45(1):237-40. Abstract

28. Chen E, Hornig S, Shepherd SM, et al. Primary closure of mammalian bites. Acad Emerg Med. 2000 Feb;7(2):157-61. Abstract

29. Callaham M. Prophylactic antibiotics in dog bite wounds: nipping at the heels of progress. Ann Emerg Med. 1994 Mar;23(3):577-9. Abstract

30. Cummings P. Antibiotics to prevent infection in patients with dog bite wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Emerg Med. 1994 Mar;23(3):535-40. Abstract

31. Jones N, Khoosal M. Infected dog and cat bites. N Engl J Med. 1999 Jun 10;340(23):1841. Abstract

32. Mederios I, Saconato H. Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(2):CD001738. Abstract

33. Henton J, Jain A. Cochrane corner: antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites (intervention review). J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2012 Oct;37(8):804-6. Abstract

34. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Human and animal bites: antimicrobial prescribing. November 2020 [internet publication].Full text

35. Dendle C, Looke D. Management of mammalian bites. Aust Fam Physician. 2009 Nov;38(11):868-74.Full text  Abstract

36. Liang JL, Tiwari T, Moro P, et al. Prevention of pertussis, tetanus, and diphtheria with vaccines in the United States: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP). MMWR Recomm Rep. 2018 Apr 27;67(2):1-44.Full text  Abstract

37. Havers FP, Moro PL, Hunter P, et al. Use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines: updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2019. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020 Jan 24;69(3):77-83.Full text  Abstract

38. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Epidemiology and prevention of vaccine-preventable diseases: tetanus. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text

39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chapter 4. Travel-related infectious diseases: rabies. May 2022 [internet publication].Full text

40. Rupprecht CE, Briggs D, Brown CM, et al; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for postexposure prophylaxis to prevent human rabies: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2010 Mar 19;59(RR-2):1-9.Full text  Abstract

41. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies: medical care. June 2018 [internet publication].Full text

42. European Medicines Agency. Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-containing medicinal products. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

43. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication. FDA warns about increased risk of ruptures or tears in the aorta blood vessel with fluoroquinolone antibiotics in certain patients. December 2018 [internet publication].Full text

44. Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication. FDA reinforces safety information about serious low blood sugar levels and mental health side effects with fluoroquinolone antibiotics; requires label changes. July 2018 [internet publication].Full text

45. Rui-Feng C, Li-Song H, Ji-Bo Z, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy for serious dog bites of extremities: a prospective randomized trial. Am J Emerg Med. 2016 Jun;34(6):1006-10. Abstract

46. Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Newton K, Dumville JC, et al. Negative pressure wound therapy for open traumatic wounds. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 3;(7):CD012522.Full text  Abstract

47. Singletary EM, Zideman DA, Bendall JC, et al. 2020 International consensus on first aid science with treatment recommendations. Circulation. 2020 Oct 20;142(16_suppl_1):S284-S334.Full text  Abstract

48. Wodi AP, Murthy N, Bernstein H, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 18;71(7):234-37.Full text  Abstract

49. Murthy N, Wodi AP, Bernstein H, et al. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommended immunization schedule for adults aged 19 years or older - United States, 2022. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2022 Feb 18;71(7):229-33.Full text  Abstract

50. Duperrex O, Blackhall K, Burri M, et al. Education of children and adolescents for the prevention of dog bite injuries. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009;(2):CD004726. Abstract

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