Acute lymphoblastic leukemia

References

Key articles

Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: lymphoid neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1720-48.Full text  Abstract

Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian RP, et al. International consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood. 2022 Sep 15;140(11):1200-8.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia [internet publication].Full text

Hoelzer D, Bassan R, Dombret H, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016 Sep;27(suppl 5):v69-82.Full text  Abstract

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN practice guidelines in oncology: pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

1. Pui CH, Relling MV, Downing JR. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2004 Apr 8;350(15):1535-48. Abstract

2. Hoelzer D, Gökbuget N, Ottmann O, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2002 Jan;(1):162-92.Full text  Abstract

3. Jabbour EJ, Faderl S, Kantarjian HM. Adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mayo Clin Proc. 2005 Nov;80(11):1517-27. Abstract

4. Bene MC, Castoldi G, Knapp W, et al. Proposals for the immunological classification of acute leukaemias. European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL). Leukemia. 1995 Oct;9(10):1783-6. Abstract

5. Terwilliger T, Abdul-Hay M. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2017 update. Blood Cancer J. 2017 Jun 30;7(6):e577.Full text  Abstract

6. Alaggio R, Amador C, Anagnostopoulos I, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: lymphoid neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1720-48.Full text  Abstract

7. Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian RP, et al. International consensus classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemias: integrating morphologic, clinical, and genomic data. Blood. 2022 Sep 15;140(11):1200-8.Full text  Abstract

8. Haferlach T, Bacher U, Kern W, et al. Diagnostic pathways in acute leukemias: a proposal for a multimodal approach. Ann Hematol. 2007 May;86(5):311-27. Abstract

9. National Cancer Institute. Surveillance, epidemiology, and end Results (SEER) Program. Cancer stat facts: leukemia - acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). 2024 [internet publication].Full text

10. National Cancer Institute. SEER Explorer: All cancer sites combined. Recent trends in SEER age-adjusted incidence rates, 2000-2020. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

11. Greaves MF, Maia AT, Wiemels JL, et al. Leukemia in twins: lessons in natural history. Blood. 2003 Oct 1;102(7):2321-33. Abstract

12. De Keersmaecker K, Marynen P, Cools J. Genetic insights in the pathogenesis of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 2005 Aug;90(8):1116-27. Abstract

13. Machatschek JN, Schrauder A, Helm F, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia and Klinefelter syndrome in children: two cases and review of the literature. Pediatr Hematol Oncol. 2004 Oct-Nov;21(7):621-6. Abstract

14. Bloom M, Maciaszek JL, Clark ME, et al. Recent advances in genetic predisposition to pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Expert Rev Hematol. 2020 Jan;13(1):55-70. Abstract

15. Kratz CP, Stanulla M, Cavé H. Genetic predisposition to acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Overview on behalf of the I-BFM ALL Host Genetic Variation Working Group. Eur J Med Genet. 2016 Mar;59(3):111-5. Abstract

16. Moriyama T, Metzger ML, Wu G, et al. Germline genetic variation in ETV6 and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a systematic genetic study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1659-66.Full text  Abstract

17. Pui CH, Nichols KE, Yang JJ. Somatic and germline genomics in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2019 Apr;16(4):227-40. Abstract

18. Klco JM, Mullighan CG. Advances in germline predisposition to acute leukaemias and myeloid neoplasms. Nat Rev Cancer. 2021 Feb;21(2):122-37.Full text  Abstract

19. Snyder DS, Stein AS, O'Donnell MR, et al, Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia secondary to chemoradiotherapy for Ewing sarcoma. Report of two cases and concise review of the literature. Am J Hematol. 2005 Jan;78(1):74-8. Abstract

20. Petridou E, Ntouvelis E, Dessypris N, et al. Maternal diet and acute lymphoblastic leukemia in young children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005 Aug;14(8):1935-9.Full text  Abstract

21. Abiri B, Kelishadi R, Sadeghi H, et al. Effects of maternal diet during pregnancy on the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a systematic review. Nutr Cancer. 2016 Oct;68(7):1065-72. Abstract

22. Dessypris N, Karalexi MA, Ntouvelis E, et al. Association of maternal and index child's diet with subsequent leukemia risk: a systematic review and meta analysis. Cancer Epidemiol. 2017 Apr;47:64-75. Abstract

23. Kwan ML, Jensen CD, Block G, et al. Maternal diet and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Public Health Rep. 2009 Jul-Aug;124(4):503-14.Full text  Abstract

24. Koppen IJ, Hermans FJ, Kaspers GJ. Folate related gene polymorphisms and susceptibility to develop childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2010 Jan;148(1):3-14. Abstract

25. Gast A, Bermejo JL, Flohr T, et al. Folate metabolic gene polymorphisms and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case-control study. Leukemia. 2007 Feb;21(2):320-5. Abstract

26. de Jonge R, Tissing WJ, Hooijberg JH, et al. Polymorphisms in folate-related genes and risk of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2009 Mar 5;113(10):2284-9.Full text  Abstract

27. Lupo PJ, Nousome D, Kamdar KY, et al. A case-parent triad assessment of folate metabolic genes and the risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Causes Control. 2012 Nov;23(11):1797-803.Full text  Abstract

28. Cox CV, Blair A. A primitive cell origin for B-cell precursor ALL? Stem Cell Rev. 2005;1(3):189-96. Abstract

29. Randolph TR. Advances in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Lab Sci. 2004 Fall;17(4):235-45. Abstract

30. Hoffman R, Shattil SJ, Furie B, et al. Hematology: basic principles and practice. Vol 1. 4th ed. Orlando, FL: Churchill Livingstone / W.B. Saunders; 2005.

31. D'Achille P, Seymour JF, Campbell LJ. Translocation (14;18)(q32;q21) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a study of 12 cases and review of the literature. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2006 Nov;171(1):52-6. Abstract

32. Faderl S, Jeha S, Kantarjian HM. The biology and therapy of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2003 Oct 1;98(7):1337-54. Abstract

33. Iacobucci I, Mullighan CG. Genetic basis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Mar 20;35(9):975-83. Abstract

34. Owattanapanich W, Rujirachun P, Ungprasert P, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcome of Philadelphia-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2020 Jan;20(1):e22-9.Full text  Abstract

35. Tanasi I, Ba I, Sirvent N, et al. Efficacy of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Ph-like acute lymphoblastic leukemia harboring ABL-class rearrangements. Blood. 2019 Oct 17;134(16):1351-5.Full text  Abstract

36. Yokota T, Kanakura Y. Genetic abnormalities associated with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci. 2016 Jun;107(6):721-5.Full text  Abstract

37. Kox C, Zimmermann M, Stanulla M, et al. The favorable effect of activating NOTCH1 receptor mutations on long-term outcome in T-ALL patients treated on the ALL-BFM 2000 protocol can be separated from FBXW7 loss of function. Leukemia. 2010 Dec;24(12):2005-13.Full text  Abstract

38. Mullighan CG, Zhang J, Kasper LH, et al. CREBBP mutations in relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature. 2011 Mar 10;471(7337):235-9.Full text  Abstract

39. Iacobucci I, Lonetti A, Paoloni F, et al. The PAX5 gene is frequently rearranged in BCR-ABL1-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia but is not associated with outcome. A report on behalf of the GIMEMA Acute Leukemia Working Party. Haematologica. 2010 Oct;95(10):1683-90.Full text  Abstract

40. Coyaud E, Struski S, Prade N, et al. Wide diversity of PAX5 alterations in B-ALL: a Groupe Francophone de Cytogenetique Hematologique study. Blood. 2010 Apr 15;115(15):3089-97.Full text  Abstract

41. Van Vlierberghe P, Palomero T, Khiabanian H, et al. PHF6 mutations in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Nat Genet. 2010 Apr;42(4):338-42.Full text  Abstract

42. Karrman K, Castor A, Behrendtz M, et al. Deep sequencing and SNP array analyses of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveal NOTCH1 mutations in minor subclones and a high incidence of uniparental isodisomies affecting CDKN2A. J Hematol Oncol. 2015 Apr 24;8:42.Full text  Abstract

43. Dhanyamraju PK, Iyer S, Smink G, et al. Transcriptional regulation of genes by Ikaros tumor suppressor in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Feb 18;21(4):1377.Full text  Abstract

44. Della Ragione F, Mercurio C, Iolascon A. Cell cycle regulation and human leukemias: the role of p16INK4 gene inactivation in the development of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 1995 Nov-Dec;80(6):557-68. Abstract

45. Kuiper RP, Waanders E, van der Velden VH, et al. IKZF1 deletions predict relapse in uniformly treated pediatric precursor B-ALL. Leukemia. 2010 Jul;24(7):1258-64. Abstract

46. Stanulla M, Dagdan E, Zaliova M, et al. IKZF1(plus) defines a new minimal residual disease-dependent very-poor prognostic profile in pediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Apr 20;36(12):1240-9.Full text  Abstract

47. Gallagher DJ, Phillips DJ, Heinrich SD. Orthopedic manifestations of acute pediatric leukemia. Orthop Clin North Am. 1996 Jul;27(3):635-44. Abstract

48. Abeloff MD, Armitage J, Niederhuber JE, et al. Clinical oncology. 3rd ed. Vol 1. Philadelphia, PA: Churchill Livingstone; 2004:3232.

49. Nguyen HTK, Terao MA, Green DM, et al. Testicular involvement of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children and adolescents: diagnosis, biology, and management. Cancer. 2021 Sep 1;127(17):3067-81.Full text  Abstract

50. Reman O, Pigneux A, Huguet F, et al. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and/or at first relapse: results from the GET-LALA group. Leuk Res. 2008 Nov;32(11):1741-50. Abstract

51. Lazarus HM, Richards SM, Chopra R, et al. Central nervous system involvement in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis: results from the international ALL trial MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993. Blood. 2006 Jul 15;108(2):465-72.Full text  Abstract

52. Pui CH. Central nervous system disease in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: prophylaxis and treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006 Jan;(1):142-6.Full text  Abstract

53. Lamanna N, Weiss M. Treatment options for newly diagnosed patients with adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Hematol Rep. 2004 Jan;3(1):40-6. Abstract

54. Richards S, Pui CH, Gayon P, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of central nervous system directed therapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Feb;60(2):185-95.Full text  Abstract

55. Frishman-Levy L, Izraeli S. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of CNS acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and potential for therapy. Br J Haematol. 2017 Jan;176(2):157-67.Full text  Abstract

56. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prevention and treatment of cancer-related infections [internet publication].Full text

57. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: acute lymphoblastic leukemia [internet publication].Full text

58. de Haas V, Ismaila N, Advani A, et al. Initial diagnostic work-up of acute leukemia: ASCO clinical practice guideline endorsement of the College of American Pathologists and American Society of Hematology guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jan 20;37(3):239-53.Full text  Abstract

59. Hoelzer D, Bassan R, Dombret H, et al. Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in adult patients: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2016 Sep;27(suppl 5):v69-82.Full text  Abstract

60. Lavi R, Yarnitsky D, Rowe JM, et al. Standard vs atraumatic Whitacre needle for diagnostic lumbar puncture: a randomized trial. Neurology. 2006 Oct 24;67(8):1492-4. Abstract

61. Arendt K, Demaerschalk BM, Wingerchuk DM, et al. Atraumatic lumbar puncture needles: after all these years, are we still missing the point? Neurologist. 2009 Jan;15(1):17-20. Abstract

62. Nath S, Koziarz A, Badhiwala JH, et al. Atraumatic versus conventional lumbar puncture needles: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2018 Mar 24;391(10126):1197-204. Abstract

63. Rochwerg B, Almenawer SA, Siemieniuk RAC, et al. Atraumatic (pencil-point) versus conventional needles for lumbar puncture: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 May 22;361:k1920.Full text  Abstract

64. Ahmed SV, Jayawarna C, Jude E. Post lumbar puncture headache: diagnosis and management. Postgrad Med J. 2006 Nov;82(973):713-6.Full text  Abstract

65. Arevalo-Rodriguez I, Ciapponi A, Roqué i Figuls M, et al. Posture and fluids for preventing post-dural puncture headache. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Mar 7;(3):CD009199.Full text  Abstract

66. Del Principe MI, Buzzatti E, Piciocchi A, et al. Clinical significance of occult central nervous system disease in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A multicenter report from the Campus ALL Network. Haematologica. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):39-45.Full text  Abstract

67. Garcia KA, Cherian S, Stevenson PA, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid flow cytometry and risk of central nervous system relapse after hyperCVAD in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2022 Apr 1;128(7):1411-7. Abstract

68. Winick N, Devidas M, Chen S, et al. Impact of initial CSF findings on outcome among patients with National Cancer Institute standard- and high-risk B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a report from the children's oncology group. J Clin Oncol. 2017 Aug 1;35(22):2527-34.Full text  Abstract

69. Kopmar NE, Cassaday RD. How I prevent and treat central nervous system disease in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2023 Mar 23;141(12):1379-88.Full text  Abstract

70. Relling MV, Schwab M, Whirl-Carrillo M, et al. Clinical pharmacogenetics implementation consortium guideline for thiopurine dosing based on TPMT and NUDT15 genotypes: 2018 update. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019 May;105(5):1095-105.Full text  Abstract

71. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and tyrosine kinase gene fusions [internet publication].Full text

72. Khoury JD, Solary E, Abla O, et al. The 5th edition of the World Health Organization classification of haematolymphoid tumours: myeloid and histiocytic/dendritic neoplasms. Leukemia. 2022 Jul;36(7):1703-19.Full text  Abstract

73. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN practice guidelines in oncology: pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia [internet publication].Full text

74. Arber DA, Borowitz MJ, Cessna M, et al. Initial diagnostic workup of acute leukemia: guideline from the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017 Oct;141(10):1342-93.Full text  Abstract

75. Gökbuget N, Boissel N, Chiaretti S, et al. Diagnosis, prognostic factors, and assessment of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel. Blood. 2024 May 9;143(19):1891-902.Full text  Abstract

76. Bassan R, Hoelzer D. Modern therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 10;29(5):532-43. Abstract

77. Hunger SP, Loh ML, Whitlock JA, et al. Children's Oncology Group's 2013 blueprint for research: acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013 Jun;60(6):957-63. Abstract

78. Rowe JM, Buck G, Burnett AK, et al. Induction therapy for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of more than 1500 patients from the international ALL trial: MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993. Blood. 2005 Dec 1;106(12):3760-7.Full text  Abstract

79. Goldstone AH, Richards SM, Lazarus HM, et al. In adults with standard-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the greatest benefit is achieved from a matched sibling allogeneic transplantation in first complete remission, and an autologous transplantation is less effective than conventional consolidation/maintenance chemotherapy in all patients: final results of the International ALL Trial (MRC UKALL XII/ECOG E2993). Blood. 2008 Feb 15;111(4):1827-33.Full text  Abstract

80. Jeha S, Behm F, Pei D, et al. Prognostic significance of CD20 expression in childhood B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2006 Nov 15;108(10):3302-4.Full text  Abstract

81. Dekker SE, Rea D, Cayuela JM, et al. Using measurable residual disease to optimize management of AML, ALL, and chronic myeloid leukemia. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2023 Jun;43:e390010.Full text  Abstract

82. Krishnan S, Wade R, Moorman AV, et al. Temporal changes in the incidence and pattern of central nervous system relapses in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on four consecutive Medical Research Council trials, 1985-2001. Leukemia. 2010 Feb;24(2):450-9.Full text  Abstract

83. Laningham FH, Kun LE, Reddick WE, et al. Childhood central nervous system leukemia: historical perspectives, current therapy, and acute neurological sequelae. Neuroradiology. 2007 Nov;49(11):873-88.Full text  Abstract

84. Pui CH, Howard SC. Current management and challenges of malignant disease in the CNS in paediatric leukaemia. Lancet Oncol. 2008 Mar;9(3):257-68. Abstract

85. Thomas X, Boiron JM, Huguet F, et al. Outcome of treatment in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: analysis of the LALA-94 trial. J Clin Oncol. 2004 Oct 15;22(20):4075-86.Full text  Abstract

86. Petersdorf SH, Kopecky KJ, Head DR, et al. Comparison of the L10M consolidation regimen to an alternative regimen including escalating methotrexate/L-asparaginase for adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Southwest Oncology Group Study. Leukemia. 2001 Feb;15(2):208-16. Abstract

87. Kantarjian HM, O'Brien S, Smith TL, et al. Results of treatment with hyper-CVAD, a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2000 Feb;18(3):547-61. Abstract

88. Hoelzer D, Thiel E, Löffler H, et al. Prognostic factors in a multicenter study for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Blood. 1988 Jan;71(1):123-31.Full text  Abstract

89. Surapaneni UR, Cortes JE, Thomas D, et al. Central nervous system relapse in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer. 2002 Feb 1;94(3):773-9.Full text  Abstract

90. Pui CH, Evans WH. Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 12;354(2):166-78. Abstract

91. Schrappe M, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, et al. Long-term results of four consecutive trials in childhood ALL performed by the ALL-BFM study group from 1981 to 1995. Berlin-Frankfurt-Münster. Leukemia. 2000 Dec;14(12):2205-22. Abstract

92. Stock W, Luger SM, Advani AS, et al. A pediatric regimen for older adolescents and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of CALGB 10403. Blood. 2019 Apr 4;133(14):1548-59.Full text  Abstract

93. Morita K, Jain N, Kantarjian H, et al. Outcome of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: focus on near-ETP phenotype and differential impact of nelarabine. Am J Hematol. 2021 May 1;96(5):589-98.Full text  Abstract

94. Heo YA, Syed YY, Keam SJ. Pegaspargase: a review in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Drugs. 2019 May;79(7):767-77.Full text  Abstract

95. Place AE, Stevenson KE, Vrooman LM, et al. Intravenous pegylated asparaginase versus intramuscular native Escherichia coli L-asparaginase in newly diagnosed childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (DFCI 05-001): a randomised, open-label phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Dec;16(16):1677-90. Abstract

96. Vrooman LM, Blonquist TM, Supko JG, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of pegaspargase and calaspargase pegol in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: results of DFCI 11-001. Paper presented at: 2019 ASCO Annual Meeting. Jun 1-3 2019. Chicago, IL. J Clin Oncol 2019 May 20;37 (15 suppl):10006.Full text

97. Vrooman LM, Blonquist TM, Stevenson KE, et al. Efficacy and toxicity of pegaspargase and calaspargase pegol in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results of DFCI 11-001. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Nov 1;39(31):3496-505.Full text  Abstract

98. Maese L, Loh ML, Choi MR, et al. Recombinant Erwinia asparaginase (JZP458) in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the phase 2/3 AALL1931 study. Blood. 2023 Feb 16;141(7):704-12.Full text  Abstract

99. Kantarjian H, Thomas D, O'Brien S, et al. Long-term follow-up results of hyperfractionated cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (hyper-CVAD), a dose-intensive regimen, in adult acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer. 2004 Dec 15;101(12):2788-801.Full text  Abstract

100. Sive JI, Buck G, Fielding A, et al. Outcomes in older adults with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL): results from the international MRC UKALL XII/ECOG2993 trial. Br J Haematol. 2012 May;157(4):463-71.Full text  Abstract

101. Pulte D, Jansen L, Gondos A, et al. Survival of adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in Germany and the United States. PLoS One. 2014 Jan 27;9(1):e85554.Full text  Abstract

102. Larson RA, Dodge RK, Burns CP, et al. A five-drug remission induction regimen with intensive consolidation for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: cancer and leukemia group B study 8811. Blood. 1995 Apr 15;85(8):2025-37. Abstract

103. Rea D, Legros L, Raffoux E, et al; Intergroupe Français des Leucémies Myéloïdes Chronique; Group for Research in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia. High-dose imatinib mesylate combined with vincristine and dexamethasone (DIV regimen) as induction therapy in patients with resistant Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoid blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 2006 Mar;20(3):400-3. Abstract

104. Schultz KR, Bowman WP, Aledo A, et al. Improved early event-free survival with imatinib in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a Children's Oncology Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Nov 1;27(31):5175-81.Full text  Abstract

105. Schultz KR, Carroll A, Heerema NA, et al; Children’s Oncology Group. Long-term follow-up of imatinib in pediatric Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Children's Oncology Group study AALL0031. Leukemia. 2014 Jul;28(7):1467-71. Abstract

106. Foà R, Vitale A, Vignetti M, et al. Dasatinib as first-line treatment for adult patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2011 Dec 15;118(25):6521-8.Full text  Abstract

107. Kim DY, Joo YD, Lim SN, et al. Nilotinib combined with multiagent chemotherapy for newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2015 Aug 6;126(6):746-56.Full text  Abstract

108. Thomas DA, Faderl S, Cortes J, et al. Treatment of Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphocytic leukemia with hyper-CVAD and imatinib mesylate. Blood. 2004 Jun 15;103(12):4396-407.Full text  Abstract

109. Ravandi F, O'Brien S, Thomas D, et al. First report of phase 2 study of dasatinib with hyper-CVAD for the frontline treatment of patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive (Ph+) acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2010 Sep 23;116(12):2070-7.Full text  Abstract

110. Benjamini O, Dumlao TL, Kantarjian H, et al. Phase II trial of hyperCVAD and dasatinib in patients with relapsed Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or blast phase chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2014 Mar;89(3):282-7.Full text  Abstract

111. Jabbour E, Kantarjian H, Ravandi F, et al. Combination of hyper-CVAD with ponatinib as first-line therapy for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a single-centre, phase 2 study. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Nov;16(15):1547-55.Full text  Abstract

112. Maury S, Chevret S, Thomas X, et al. Rituximab in B-lineage adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016 Sep 15;375(11):1044-53. Abstract

113. Jabbour E, DerSarkissian M, Duh MS, et al. Efficacy of ponatinib versus earlier generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors for front-line treatment of newly diagnosed Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018 Apr;18(4):257-65. Abstract

114. Aldoss I, Ribera J-M, Kantarjian H, et al. Ponatinib versus imatinib in patients with newly diagnosed Ph+ ALL: subgroup analysis of the phase 3 Phallcon study. Blood. 2023 Nov 2;142(suppl 1):2871.

115. DeAngelo DJ, Stevenson KE, Dahlberg SE, et al. Long-term outcome of a pediatric-inspired regimen used for adults aged 18-50 years with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia. 2015 Mar;29(3):526-34.Full text  Abstract

116. Giammarco S, Chiusolo P, Piccirillo N, et al. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis: management of a medical emergency. Expert Rev Hematol. 2017 Feb;10(2):147-54. Abstract

117. Macaron W, Sargsyan Z, Short NJ. Hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis in acute and chronic leukemias. Leuk Lymphoma. 2022 Aug;63(8):1780-91. Abstract

118. Giebel S, Marks DI, Boissel N, et al. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with Philadelphia chromosome-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first remission: a position statement of the European Working Group for Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (EWALL) and the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT). Bone Marrow Transplant. 2019 Jun;54(6):798-809.Full text  Abstract

119. Huguet F, Chevret S, Leguay T, et al. Intensified therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults: report of the randomized GRAALL-2005 clinical trial. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Aug 20;36(24):2514-23.Full text  Abstract

120. Stelljes M, Marks DI. Chapter 71: acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. 71.5: prognostic factors used to indicate allo-HSCT in CR1. In: Carreras E, Dufour C, Mohty M, et al, eds. The EBMT handbook: hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and cellular therapies. 7th ed. Cham, Switzerland: Springer; 2019.Full text

121. DeFilipp Z, Advani AS, Bachanova V, et al. Hematopoietic cell transplantation in the treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: updated 2019 evidence-based review from the American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2019 Nov;25(11):2113-23.Full text  Abstract

122. Gökbuget N, Dombret H, Bonifacio M, et al. Blinatumomab for minimal residual disease in adults with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2018 Apr 5;131(14):1522-31.Full text  Abstract

123. Hoelzer D, Ludwig WD, Thiel E, et al. Improved outcome in adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 1996 Jan 15;87(2):495-508. Abstract

124. Teachey DT, Hunger SP, Loh ML. Optimizing therapy in the modern age: differences in length of maintenance therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Blood. 2021 Jan 14;137(2):168-77.Full text  Abstract

125. Samra B, Kantarjian HM, Sasaki K, et al. Discontinuation of maintenance tyrosine kinase inhibitors in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia outside of transplant. Acta Haematol. 2021;144(3):285-92. Abstract

126. Sancho JM, Ribera JM, Oriol A, et al. Central nervous system recurrence in adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: frequency and prognosis in 467 patients without cranial irradiation for prophylaxis. Cancer. 2006 Jun 15;106(12):2540-6.Full text  Abstract

127. Pinnix CC, Yahalom J, Specht L, et al. Radiation in central nervous system leukemia: guidelines from the International Lymphoma Radiation Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2018 Sep 1;102(1):53-8.Full text  Abstract

128. Ghobadi A, Slade M, Kantarjian H, et al. The role of allogeneic transplant for adult Ph+ ALL in CR1 with complete molecular remission: a retrospective analysis. Blood. 2022 Nov 17;140(20):2101-12.Full text  Abstract

129. Ram R, Gafter-Gvili A, Vidal L, et al. Management of adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in first complete remission: systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer. 2010 Jul 15;116(14):3447-57.Full text  Abstract

130. Shah S, Martin A, Turner M, et al. A systematic review of outcomes after stem cell transplantation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia with or without measurable residual disease. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020 May;61(5):1052-62. Abstract

131. Pavlů J, Labopin M, Niittyvuopio R, et al. Measurable residual disease at myeloablative allogeneic transplantation in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a retrospective registry study on 2780 patients from the acute leukemia working party of the EBMT. J Hematol Oncol. 2019 Oct 23;12(1):108.Full text  Abstract

132. Holtick U, Albrecht M, Chemnitz JM, et al. Bone marrow versus peripheral blood allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for haematological malignancies in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Apr 20;(4):CD010189.Full text  Abstract

133. Park M, Lee YH. Cord blood transplantation for the treatment of acute leukemia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013 Feb;126(4):761-7.Full text  Abstract

134. Zhang H, Chen J, Que W. A meta-analysis of unrelated donor umbilical cord blood transplantation versus unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation in acute leukemia patients. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2012 Aug;18(8):1164-73.Full text  Abstract

135. Kröger N, Solano C, Wolschke C, et al. Antilymphocyte globulin for prevention of chronic graft-versus-host disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jan 7;374(1):43-53.Full text  Abstract

136. Giebel S, Czyz A, Ottmann O, et al. Use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to prevent relapse after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for patients with Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a position statement of the Acute Leukemia Working Party of the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Cancer. 2016 Oct;122(19):2941-51.Full text  Abstract

137. Warraich Z, Tenneti P, Thai T, et al. Relapse prevention with tyrosine kinase inhibitors after allogeneic transplantation for Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute lymphoblast leukemia: a systematic review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2020 Mar;26(3):e55-64.Full text  Abstract

138. Thomas DA, Kantarjian H, Smith TL, et al. Primary refractory and relapsed adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia: characteristics, treatment results, and prognosis with salvage therapy. Cancer. 1999 Oct 1;86(7):1216-30. Abstract

139. Kantarjian HM, Thomas D, Ravandi F, et al. Defining the course and prognosis of adults with acute lymphocytic leukemia in first salvage after induction failure or short first remission duration. Cancer. 2010 Dec 15;116(24):5568-74.Full text  Abstract

140. Tavernier E, Boiron JM, Huguet F, et al; GET-LALA Group; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research SAKK; Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group. Outcome of treatment after first relapse in adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia initially treated by the LALA-94 trial. Leukemia. 2007 Sep;21(9):1907-14. Abstract

141. Oriol A, Vives S, Hernández-Rivas JM, et al; Programa Español de Tratamiento en Hematologia Group. Outcome after relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adult patients included in four consecutive risk-adapted trials by the PETHEMA Study Group. Haematologica. 2010 Apr;95(4):589-96.Full text  Abstract

142. Kimble EL, Cassaday RD. Antibody and cellular immunotherapies for acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. Leuk Lymphoma. 2021 Dec;62(14):3333-47. Abstract

143. Kantarjian H, Stein A, Gökbuget N, et al. Blinatumomab versus chemotherapy for advanced acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 2;376(9):836-47.Full text  Abstract

144. Brown PA, Ji L, Xu X, et al. Effect of postreinduction therapy consolidation with blinatumomab vs chemotherapy on disease-free survival in children, adolescents, and young adults with first relapse of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Mar 2;325(9):833-42.Full text  Abstract

145. Locatelli F, Zugmaier G, Rizzari C, et al. Effect of blinatumomab vs chemotherapy on event-free survival among children with high-risk first-relapse B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 Mar 2;325(9):843-54.Full text  Abstract

146. Kantarjian HM, DeAngelo DJ, Stelljes M, et al. Inotuzumab ozogamicin versus standard therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 25;375(8):740-53.Full text  Abstract

147. Maude SL, Laetsch TW, Buechner J, et al. Tisagenlecleucel in children and young adults with B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2018 Feb 1;378(5):439-48.Full text  Abstract

148. Shah BD, Ghobadi A, Oluwole OO, et al. KTE-X19 for relapsed or refractory adult B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: phase 2 results of the single-arm, open-label, multicentre ZUMA-3 study. Lancet. 2021 Aug 7;398(10299):491-502. Abstract

149. Kantarjian H, Thomas D, Jorgensen J, et al. Results of inotuzumab ozogamicin, a CD22 monoclonal antibody, in refractory and relapsed acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer. 2013 Aug 1;119(15):2728-36.Full text  Abstract

150. Kantarjian HM, DeAngelo DJ, Advani AS, et al. Hepatic adverse event profile of inotuzumab ozogamicin in adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from the open-label, randomised, phase 3 INO-VATE study. Lancet Haematol. 2017 Aug;4(8):e387-98. Abstract

151. Grupp SA, Kalos M, Barrett D, et al. Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T cells for acute lymphoid leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2013 Apr 18;368(16):1509-18.Full text  Abstract

152. Maude SL, Frey N, Shaw PA, et al. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells for sustained remissions in leukemia. N Engl J Med. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1507-17.Full text  Abstract

153. Santomasso BD, Nastoupil LJ, Adkins S, et al. Management of immune-related adverse events in patients treated with chimeric antigen receptor T-Cell therapy: ASCO Guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2021 Dec 10;39(35):3978-92.Full text  Abstract

154. Food and Drug Administration. FDA requires boxed warning for T cell malignancies following treatment with BCMA-directed or CD19-directed autologous chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell immunotherapies. Apr 2024 [internet publication].Full text

155. Segal BH, Freifeld AG. Antibacterial prophylaxis in patients with neutropenia. J Natl Compr Canc Netw. 2007 Feb;5(2):235-42. Abstract

156. Robenshtok E, Gafter-Gvili A, Goldberg E, et al. Antifungal prophylaxis in cancer patients after chemotherapy or haematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Oncol. 2007 Dec 1;25(34):5471-89. Abstract

157. Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-54.Full text  Abstract

158. Lehrnbecher T, Fisher BT, Phillips B, et al. Clinical practice guideline for systemic antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Sep 20;38(27):3205-16.Full text  Abstract

159. Kuderer NM, Dale DC, Crawford J, et al. Mortality, morbidity, and cost associated with febrile neutropenia in adult cancer patients. Cancer. 2006 May 15;106(10):2258-66.Full text  Abstract

160. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN practice guidelines in oncology: hematopoietic growth factors [internet publication].Full text

161. Crighton GL, Estcourt LJ, Wood EM, et al. A therapeutic-only versus prophylactic platelet transfusion strategy for preventing bleeding in patients with haematological disorders after myelosuppressive chemotherapy or stem cell transplantation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Sep 30;(9):CD010981.Full text  Abstract

162. Stanworth SJ, Estcourt LJ, Powter G, et al; TOPPS Investigators. A no-prophylaxis platelet-transfusion strategy for hematologic cancers. N Engl J Med. 2013 May 9;368(19):1771-80.Full text  Abstract

163. Asselin BL, Devidas M, Chen L, et al. Cardioprotection and safety of dexrazoxane in patients treated for newly diagnosed T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia or advanced-stage lymphoblastic non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a report of the Children's Oncology Group Randomized Trial Pediatric Oncology Group 9404. J Clin Oncol. 2016 Mar 10;34(8):854-62.Full text  Abstract

164. Dolmans MM, Marinescu C, Saussoy P, et al. Reimplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia is potentially unsafe. Blood. 2010 Oct 21;116(16):2908-14.Full text  Abstract

165. Evans K, Duan J, Pritchard T, et al. OBI-3424, a novel AKR1C3-activated prodrug, exhibits potent efficacy against preclinical models of T-ALL. Clin Cancer Res. 2019 Jul 15;25(14):4493-503.Full text  Abstract

166. ClinicalTrials.gov. Study to test AKR1C3-activated prodrug OBI-3424 (OBI-3424) in patients with relapsed/refractory T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). NCT04315324. Nov 2022 [internet publication].Full text

167. ClinicalTrials.gov. A study of revumenib in combination with chemotherapy for patients diagnosed with relapsed or refractory leukemia. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text

168. Foà R, Bassan R, Vitale A, et al; GIMEMA Investigators. Dasatinib-blinatumomab for Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia in adults. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 22;383(17):1613-23.Full text  Abstract

169. Jabbour E, Short NJ, Jain N, et al. Hyper-CVAD and sequential blinatumomab for newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: a single-arm, single-centre, phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2022 Dec;9(12):e878-85. Abstract

170. Jain N, Maiti A, Ravandi F, et al. Inotuzumab ozogamicin with bosutinib for relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia or lymphoid blast phase of chronic myeloid leukemia. Am J Hematol. 2021 Aug 1;96(8):1000-7.Full text  Abstract

171. Jabbour E, Short NJ, Senapati J, et al. Mini-hyper-CVD plus inotuzumab ozogamicin, with or without blinatumomab, in the subgroup of older patients with newly diagnosed Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell acute lymphocytic leukaemia: long-term results of an open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Haematol. 2023 Jun;10(6):e433-44. Abstract

172. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN practice guidelines in oncology: hematopoietic cell transplantation [internet publication].Full text

173. Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Flowers CR. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update summary. J Oncol Pract. 2018 Nov;14(11):692-5.Full text  Abstract

174. Bredeson C, Varela NP, Walker I, et al; Cancer Care Ontario. Stem cell transplantation in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia: recommendations. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

175. Gökbuget N, Boissel N, Chiaretti S, et al. Management of ALL in adults: 2024 ELN recommendations from a European expert panel. Blood. 2024 May 9;143(19):1903-30.Full text  Abstract

176. Hoelzer D, Bassan R, Boissel N, et al. ESMO Clinical practice guideline interim update on the use of targeted therapy in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Ann Oncol. 2024 Jan;35(1):15-28.Full text  Abstract

177. Thomas X, Le QH. Current therapeutic strategies in acute lymphoblastic leukemia in the adult. Bull Cancer. 2003 Oct;90(10):833-50. Abstract

178. Thomas X, Le QH. Prognostic factors in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology. 2003 Aug;8(4):233-42. Abstract

179. Pui CH, Carroll WL, Meshinchi S, et al. Biology, risk stratification, and therapy of pediatric acute leukemias: an update. J Clin Oncol. 2011 Feb 10;29(5):551-65. Abstract

180. Rowe JM. Prognostic factors in adult acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2010 Aug;150(4):389-405. Abstract

181. Smith M, Arthur D, Camitta B, et al. Uniform approach to risk classification and treatment assignment for children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 1996 Jan;14(1):18-24. Abstract

182. Teachey DT, Hunger SP. Predicting relapse risk in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2013 Sep;162(5):606-20.Full text  Abstract

183. Kebriaei P, Poon LM. The role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in the therapy of patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2012 Jun;7(2):144-52. Abstract

184. Cassaday RD, Alan Potts D Jr, Stevenson PA, et al. Evaluation of allogeneic transplantation in first or later minimal residual disease - negative remission following adult-inspired therapy for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016 Sep;57(9):2109-18.Full text  Abstract

185. Caruso V, Iacoviello L, Di Castelnuovo A, et al. Venous thrombotic complications in adults undergoing induction treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: results from a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2007 Mar;5(3):621-3. Abstract

186. Albertsen BK, Grell K, Abrahamsson J, et al. Intermittent versus continuous PEG-asparaginase to reduce asparaginase-associated toxicities: a NOPHO ALL2008 randomized study. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Jul 1;37(19):1638-46.Full text  Abstract

187. Liu Y, Smith CA, Panetta JC, et al. Antibodies predict pegaspargase allergic reactions and failure of rechallenge. J Clin Oncol. 2019 Aug 10;37(23):2051-61.Full text  Abstract

188. Rank CU, Wolthers BO, Grell K, et al. Asparaginase-associated pancreatitis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: results from the NOPHO ALL2008 treatment of patients 1-45 years of age. J Clin Oncol. 2020 Jan 10;38(2):145-54.Full text  Abstract

189. Abbott LS, Deevska M, Fernandez CV, et al. The impact of prophylactic fresh-frozen plasma and cryoprecipitate on the incidence of central nervous system thrombosis and hemorrhage in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving asparaginase. Blood. 2009 Dec 10;114(25):5146-51.Full text  Abstract

190. Grace RF, Dahlberg SE, Neuberg D, et al. The frequency and management of asparaginase-related thrombosis in paediatric and adult patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia treated on Dana-Farber Cancer Institute consortium protocols. Br J Haematol. 2011 Feb;152(4):452-9.Full text  Abstract

191. Qureshi A, Mitchell C, Richards S, et al. Asparaginase-related venous thrombosis in UKALL 2003 - re-exposure to asparaginase is feasible and safe. Br J Haematol. 2010 May;149(3):410-3.Full text  Abstract

192. Stern A, Green H, Paul M, et al. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 1;2014(10):CD005590.Full text  Abstract

193. European Medicines Agency. Disabling and potentially permanent side effects lead to suspension or restrictions of quinolone and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Mar 2019 [internet publication].Full text

194. Harnicar S, Adel N, Jurcic J. Modification of vincristine dosing during concomitant azole therapy in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2009 Sep;15(3):175-82. Abstract

195. Patel B, Richards SM, Rowe JM, et al. High incidence of avascular necrosis in adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: a UKALL XII analysis. Leukaemia. 2008 Feb;22(2):308-12. Abstract

196. Elmantaser M, Stewart G, Young D, et al. Skeletal morbidity in children receiving chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Arch Dis Child. 2010 Oct;95(10):805-9. Abstract

197. Egbelakin A, Ferguson MJ, MacGill EA, et al. Increased risk of vincristine neurotoxicity associated with low CYP3A5 expression genotype in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2011 Mar;56(3):361-7. Abstract

198. Inaba H, Khan RB, Laningham FH, et al. Clinical and radiological characteristics of methotrexate-induced acute encephalopathy in pediatric patients with cancer. Ann Oncol. 2008 Jan;19(1):178-84.Full text  Abstract

199. Panis B, Vlaar AM, van Well GT, et al. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome in paediatric leukaemia. Eur J Paediatr Neurol. 2010 Nov;14(6):539-45. Abstract

200. Vagace JM, Caceres-Marzal C, Jimenez M, et al. Methotrexate-induced subacute neurotoxicity in a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia carrying genetic polymorphisms related to folate homeostasis. Am J Hematol. 2011 Jan;86(1):98-101.Full text  Abstract

201. Zwicker JI, Wang TF, DeAngelo DJ, et al. The prevention and management of asparaginase-related venous thromboembolism in adults: guidance from the SSC on Hemostasis and Malignancy of the ISTH. J Thromb Haemost. 2020 Feb;18(2):278-84.Full text  Abstract

202. Chow EJ, Asselin BL, Schwartz CL, et al. Late mortality after dexrazoxane treatment: a report from the Children's Oncology Group. J Clin Oncol. 2015 Aug 20;33(24):2639-45.Full text  Abstract

203. de Baat EC, Mulder RL, Armenian S, et al. Dexrazoxane for preventing or reducing cardiotoxicity in adults and children with cancer receiving anthracyclines. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 27;(9):CD014638.Full text  Abstract

204. El-Shitany NA, Tolba OA, El-Shanshory MR, et al. Protective effect of carvedilol on adriamycin-induced left ventricular dysfunction in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Card Fail. 2012 Aug;18(8):607-13. Abstract

205. Tashakori Beheshti A, Mostafavi Toroghi H, Hosseini G, et al. Carvedilol administration can prevent doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity: a double-blind randomized trial. Cardiology. 2016;134(1):47-53. Abstract

206. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Ponatinib (Iclusig▼): reports of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

207. Larson RA. Management of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in older patients. Semin Hematol. 2006 Apr;43(2):126-33. Abstract

208. Gökbuget N, Hoelzer D. Treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2006 Jan;(1):133-41.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer