Thyroid cancer

References

Key articles

Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al; American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Thyroid Nodules and Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2016 Jan;26(1):1-133.Full text  Abstract

Wells SA Jr, Asa SL, Dralle H, et al. Revised American Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid. 2015 Jun;25(6):567-610.Full text  Abstract

Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Full text  Abstract

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: thyroid disease​. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].​Full text

European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Reference articles

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27. Menicali E, Guzzetti M, Morelli S, et al. Immune landscape of thyroid cancers: new insights. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Apr 27;11:637826.Full text  Abstract

28. Prete A, Borges de Souza P, Censi S, et al. Update on fundamental mechanisms of thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Mar 13;11:102.Full text  Abstract

29. Gharib H, Papini E, Garber JR, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College of Endocrinology, and Associazione Medici Endocrinologi medical guidelines for clinical practice for the diagnosis and management of thyroid nodules - 2016 update. Endocr Pract. 2016 May;22(5):622-39.Full text  Abstract

30. Singh Ospina N, Iñiguez-Ariza NM, Castro MR. Thyroid nodules: diagnostic evaluation based on thyroid cancer risk assessment. BMJ. 2020 Jan 7;368:l6670. Abstract

31. Grani G, Lamartina L, Durante C, et al. Follicular thyroid cancer and Hürthle cell carcinoma: challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and clinical management. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Jun;6(6):500-14. Abstract

32. Williams D. Thyroid growth and cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2015 Sep;4(3):164-73.Full text  Abstract

33. Fugazzola L, Elisei R, Fuhrer D, et al. 2019 European Thyroid Association guidelines for the treatment and follow-up of advanced radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. Eur Thyroid J. 2019 Oct;8(5):227-45.Full text  Abstract

34. Liu J, Liu Y, Lin Y, et al. Radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and redifferentiation therapy. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul). 2019 Sep;34(3):215-25.Full text  Abstract

35. Laha D, Nilubol N, Boufraqech M. New therapies for advanced thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 May 22;11:82.Full text  Abstract

36. Ciampi R, Romei C, Ramone T, et al. Genetic landscape of somatic mutations in a large cohort of sporadic medullary thyroid carcinomas studied by next-generation targeted sequencing. iScience. 2019 Oct 25;20:324-36.Full text  Abstract

37. Drozd V, Saenko V, Branovan DI, et al. A search for causes of rising incidence of differentiated thyroid cancer in children and adolescents after Chernobyl and Fukushima: comparison of the clinical features and their relevance for treatment and prognosis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 26;18(7):3444.Full text  Abstract

38. Suteau V, Munier M, Briet C, et al. Sex bias in differentiated thyroid cancer. Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 30;22(23):12992.Full text  Abstract

39. Moo-Young TA, Traugott AL, Moley JF. Sporadic and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma: state of the art. Surg Clin North Am. 2009 Oct;89(5):1193-204.Full text  Abstract

40. Calcaterra V, Mameli C, Rossi V, et al. The iodine rush: over- or under-iodination risk in the prophylactic use of iodine for thyroid blocking in the event of a nuclear disaster. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 May 26;13:901620.Full text  Abstract

41. American College of Radiology. ACR-AIUM-SPR-SRU practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of diagnostic ultrasound of the extracranial head and neck. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

42. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: thyroid disease​. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

43. Zhao H, Li H. Meta-analysis of ultrasound for cervical lymph nodes in papillary thyroid cancer: diagnosis of central and lateral compartment nodal metastases. Eur J Radiol. 2019 Mar;112:14-21. Abstract

44. Hoang JK, Middleton WD, Tessler FN. Update on ACR TI-RADS: successes, challenges, and future directions, from the AJR Special Series on Radiology Reporting and Data Systems. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2021 Mar;216(3):570-8.Full text  Abstract

45. Tessler FN, Middleton WD, Grant EG, et al. ACR thyroid imaging, reporting and data system (TI-RADS): white paper of the ACR TI-RADS Committee. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 May;14(5):587-95.Full text  Abstract

46. Rossi ED, Pantanowitz L, Faquin WC. The role of molecular testing for the indeterminate thyroid FNA. Genes (Basel). 2019 Sep 23;10(10):736.Full text  Abstract

47. Ahn HS, Kim HS, Hong MJ. Ultrasonographic and cytologic assessments of follicular neoplasms of the thyroid: predictive features differentiating follicular carcinoma from follicular adenoma. PLoS One. 2022 Jul 21;17(7):e0271437.Full text  Abstract

48. McHenry CR, Phitayakorn R. Follicular adenoma and carcinoma of the thyroid gland. Oncologist. 2011;16(5):585-93.Full text  Abstract

49. Cibas ES, Ali SZ. The 2017 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid. 2017 Nov;27(11):1341-6.Full text  Abstract

50. Nishino M, Nikiforova M. Update on molecular testing for cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2018 Apr;142(4):446-57.Full text  Abstract

51. Zhang L, Castellana M, Virili C, et al. Fine-needle aspiration to diagnose primary thyroid lymphomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2019 Mar;180(3):177-87.Full text  Abstract

52. Novoa E, Gürtler N, Arnoux A, et al. Role of ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in the assessment of head and neck lesions: a meta-analysis and systematic review of the literature. Head Neck. 2012 Oct;34(10):1497-503. Abstract

53. Viola D, Elisei R. Management of medullary thyroid cancer. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):285-301. Abstract

54. Webb RC, Howard RS, Stojadinovic A, et al. The utility of serum thyroglobulin measurement at the time of remnant ablation for predicting disease-free status in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis involving 3947 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Aug;97(8):2754-63.Full text  Abstract

55. Patel KN, Yip L, Lubitz CC, et al. The American Association of Endocrine Surgeons guidelines for the definitive surgical management of thyroid disease in adults. Ann Surg. 2020 Mar;271(3):e21-93. Abstract

56. Garau LM, Rubello D, Muccioli S, et al. The sentinel lymph node biopsy technique in papillary thyroid carcinoma: the issue of false-negative findings. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2020 Jun;46(6):967-75. Abstract

57. Garau LM, Rubello D, Morganti R, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in small papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Clin Nucl Med. 2019 Feb;44(2):107-18. Abstract

58. Albers MB, Nordenström E, Wohlfahrt J, et al. Sentinel lymph node biopsy in thyroid cancer. World J Surg. 2020 Jan;44(1):142-7. Abstract

59. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Thyroid disease: assessment and management. Oct 2023 [internet publication].​Full text

60. Samarasinghe S, Meah F, Singh V, et al. Biotin interference with routine clinical immunoassays: understand the causes and mitigate the risks. Endocr Pract. 2017 Aug;23(8):989-98. Abstract

61. Li D, Ferguson A, Cervinski MA, et al. AACC guidance document on biotin interference in laboratory tests. J Appl Lab Med. 2020 May 1;5(3):575-87.Full text  Abstract

62. Li W, Song Q, Lan Y, et al. The value of sonography in distinguishing follicular thyroid carcinoma from adenoma. Cancer Manag Res. 2021 May 17:13:3991-4002.Full text  Abstract

63. Momesso DP, Tuttle RM. Update on differentiated thyroid cancer staging. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Jun;43(2):401-21. Abstract

64. Tuttle RM, Alzahrani AS. Risk stratification in differentiated thyroid cancer: from detection to final follow-up. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Mar 15;104(9):4087-100.Full text  Abstract

65. US Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for thyroid cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2017 May 9;317(18):1882-7.Full text  Abstract

66. Perros P, Boelaert K, Colley S, et al; British Thyroid Association. Guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2014;81 Suppl 1:1-122.Full text  Abstract

67. National Comprehensive Cancer Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: thyroid carcinoma [internet publication].​Full text

68. American College of Radiology, American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Society for Pediatric Radiology, Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound. Practice parameter for the performance and interpretation of diagnostic ultrasound of the thyroid and extracranial head and neck. 2022 [internet publication ].Full text

69. Hoang JK, Oldan JD, Mandel SJ, et al; ACR Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging. ACR appropriateness criteria: thyroid disease. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May;16(5s):S300-14.Full text  Abstract

70. Francis GL, Waguespack SG, Bauer AJ, et al; The American Thyroid Association Guidelines Task Force on Pediatric Thyroid Cancer. Management guidelines for children with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2015 Jul;25(7):716-59.Full text  Abstract

71. Shonka DC Jr, Ho A, Chintakuntlawar AV, et al. American Head and Neck Society Endocrine Surgery Section and International Thyroid Oncology Group consensus statement on mutational testing in thyroid cancer: defining advanced thyroid cancer and its targeted treatment. Head Neck. 2022 Jun;44(6):1277-300. Abstract

72. Gulec SA, Ahuja S, Avram AM, et al. A joint statement from the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Thyroid Association, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging on current diagnostic and theranostic approaches in the management of thyroid cancer. Thyroid. 2021 Jul;31(7):1009-19.Full text  Abstract

73. European Society for Medical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines - thyroid cancer. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

74. Saravana-Bawan B, Bajwa A, Paterson J, et al. Active surveillance of low-risk papillary thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis. Surgery. 2020 Jan;167(1):46-55. Abstract

75. Ito Y, Miyauchi A, Oda H. Low-risk papillary microcarcinoma of the thyroid: a review of active surveillance trials. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018 Mar;44(3):307-15.Full text  Abstract

76. Dralle H, Machens A, Basa J, et al. Follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2015 Dec 10;1:15077. Abstract

77. Biondi B, Cooper DS. Thyroid hormone suppression therapy. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2019 Mar;48(1):227-37. Abstract

78. Brancatella A, Marcocci C. TSH suppressive therapy and bone. Endocr Connect. 2020 Jul;9(7):R158-72.Full text  Abstract

79. Chen L, Wu YH, Lee CH, et al. Prophylactic central neck dissection for papillary thyroid carcinoma with clinically uninvolved central neck lymph nodes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. World J Surg. 2018 Sep;42(9):2846-57. Abstract

80. Pacini F, Fuhrer D, Elisei R, et al. 2022 ETA consensus statement: what are the indications for post-surgical radioiodine therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer? Eur Thyroid J. 2022 Jan 1;11(1):e210046.Full text  Abstract

81. Leboulleux S, Bournaud C, Chougnet CN, et al. Thyroidectomy without radioiodine in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2022 Mar 10;386(10):923-32.Full text  Abstract

82. Tuttle RM, Ahuja S, Avram AM, et al. Controversies, consensus, and collaboration in the use of (131)I therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: a joint statement from the American Thyroid Association, the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, and the European Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2019 Apr;29(4):461-70.Full text  Abstract

83. Valerio L, Maino F, Castagna MG, et al. Radioiodine therapy in the different stages of differentiated thyroid cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Sep 10;101703. Abstract

84. Schlumberger M, Leboulleux S, Catargi B, et al. Outcome after ablation in patients with low-risk thyroid cancer (ESTIMABL1): 5-year follow-up results of a randomised, phase 3, equivalence trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2018 Aug;6(8):618-26. Abstract

85. Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B, et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. New Engl J Med. 2012 May 3;366(18):1674-85.Full text  Abstract

86. Dehbi HM, Mallick U, Wadsley J, et al. Recurrence after low-dose radioiodine ablation and recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone for differentiated thyroid cancer (HiLo): long-term results of an open-label, non-inferiority randomised controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Jan;7(1):44-51.Full text  Abstract

87. Tumino D, Frasca F, Newbold K. Updates on the management of advanced, metastatic, and radioiodine refractory differentiated thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2017 Nov 20;8:312.Full text  Abstract

88. Scharpf J, Tuttle M, Wong R, et al. Comprehensive management of recurrent thyroid cancer: an American Head and Neck Society consensus statement. Head Neck. 2016 Dec;38(12):1862-9.Full text  Abstract

89. Verburg FA, Hänscheid H, Luster M. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2017 Jun;31(3):279-90. Abstract

90. Li J, Zhang Y, Sun F, et al. Towards an era of precise diagnosis and treatment: role of novel molecular modification-based imaging and therapy for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Sep 8;13:980582.Full text  Abstract

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92. Schlumberger M, Tahara M, Wirth LJ, et al. Lenvatinib versus placebo in radioiodine-refractory thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2015 Feb 12;372(7):621-30.Full text  Abstract

93. Filetti S, Durante C, Hartl DM, et al. ESMO clinical practice guideline update on the use of systemic therapy in advanced thyroid cancer. Ann Oncol. 2022 Jul;33(7):674-84.Full text  Abstract

94. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Cabozantinib for previously treated advanced differentiated thyroid cancer unsuitable for or refractory to radioactive iodine. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

95. Bradford D, Larkins E, Mushti SL, et al. FDA approval summary: selpercatinib for the treatment of lung and thyroid cancers with RET gene mutations or fusions. Clin Cancer Res. 2021 Apr 15;27(8):2130-5.Full text  Abstract

96. Hadoux J, Elisei R, Brose MS, et al. Phase 3 trial of selpercatinib in advanced RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med. 2023 Nov 16;389(20):1851-61. Abstract

97. Rao SN, Smallridge RC. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: an update. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 May 27;101678. Abstract

98. Maniakas A, Zafereo M, Cabanillas ME. Anaplastic thyroid cancer: new horizons and challenges. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2022 Jun;51(2):391-401. Abstract

99. Hadoux J, Pacini F, Tuttle RM, et al. Management of advanced medullary thyroid cancer. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016 Jan;4(1):64-71. Abstract

100. Ringel MD. New horizons: emerging therapies and targets in thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2021 Jan 1;106(1):e382-8.Full text  Abstract

101. Laetitia G, Sven S, Fabrice J. Combinatorial therapies in thyroid cancer: an overview of preclinical and clinical progresses. Cells. 2020 Mar 30;9(4):830.Full text  Abstract

102. American College of Nuclear Medicine, American Society for Radiation Oncology, Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Society for Pediatric Radiology. Practice parameter for treatment of benign and malignant thyroid disease with I-131 sodium iodide. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

103. American Cancer Society. Thyroid cancer survival rates, by type and stage. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

104. Maniakas A, Dadu R, Busaidy NL, et al. Evaluation of overall survival in patients with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma, 2000-2019. JAMA Oncol. 2020 Sep 1;6(9):1397-404.Full text  Abstract

105. Biondi B, Cooper DS. Subclinical hyperthyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2018 Jun 21;378(25):2411-9. Abstract

106. Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T, et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Jun 20;36(18):1831-9.Full text  Abstract

107. Iyer NG, Morris LG, Tuttle RM, et al. Rising incidence of second cancers in patients with low-risk (T1N0) thyroid cancer who receive radioactive iodine therapy. Cancer. 2011 Oct 1;117(19):4439-46.Full text  Abstract

108. Sugitani I, Fujimoto Y. Effect of postoperative thyrotropin suppressive therapy on bone mineral density in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma: a prospective controlled study. Surgery. 2011 Dec;150(6):1250-7. Abstract

109. Qi L, Zhang W, Ren X, et al. Incidence and predictors of synchronous bone metastasis in newly diagnosed differentiated thyroid cancer: a real-world population-based study. Front Surg. 2022;9:778303.Full text  Abstract

110. Royal College of Physicians (UK). Evidence-based indications for the use of PET-CT in the UK 2016. May 2016 [internet publication].Full text

111. Sisson JC, Freitas J, McDougall IR, et al; American Thyroid Association Taskforce On Radioiodine Safety. Radiation safety in the treatment of patients with thyroid diseases by radioiodine 131I: practice recommendations of the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. 2011 Apr;21(4):335-46.Full text  Abstract

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