Renal cell carcinoma

References

Key articles

American Urological Association. Renal mass and localized renal cancer: evaluation, management, and follow up. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Escudier B, Porta C, Schmidinger M, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2019 May;30(5):706-20.Full text  Abstract

European Association of Urology. Renal cell carcinoma. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

National Cancer Comprehensive Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: kidney cancer [internet publication].Full text

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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61. Meister M, Choyke P, Anderson C, et al. Radiological evaluation, management, and surveillance of renal masses in von Hippel-Lindau disease. Clin Radiol. 2009 Jun;64(6):589-600. Abstract

62. Usher-Smith J, Simmons RK, Rossi SH, et al. Current evidence on screening for renal cancer. Nat Rev Urol. 2020 Nov;17(11):637-42.Full text  Abstract

63. National Cancer Comprehensive Network. NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: kidney cancer [internet publication].Full text

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65. Karivedu V, Jain AL, Eluvathingal TJ, et al. Role of positron emission tomography imaging in metabolically active renal cell carcinoma. Curr Urol Rep. 2019 Aug 29;20(10):56. Abstract

66. El-Saeity NS, Sidhu PS. "Scrotal varicocele, exclude a renal tumour": is this evidence based? Clin Radiol. 2006 Jul;61(7):593-9. Abstract

67. Heidenreich A, Ravery V. Preoperative imaging in renal cell cancer. World J Urol. 2004 Nov;22(5):307-15. Abstract

68. Silverman SG, Israel GM, Herts BR, et al. Management of the incidental renal mass. Radiology. 2008 Oct;249(1):16-31. Abstract

69. Dong XQ, Shen Y, Xu LW, et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound for detection and diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl). 2009 May 20;122(10):1179-83. Abstract

70. Barocas DA, Boorjian SA, Alvarez RD, et al. Microhematuria: AUA/SUFU guideline. J Urol. 2020 Oct;204(4):778-86.Full text  Abstract

71. Volpe A. The role of active surveillance of small renal masses. Int J Surg. 2016 Dec;36(pt c):518-24.Full text  Abstract

72. Sanchez-Ortiz RF, Madsen LT, Bermejo CE, et al. A renal mass in the setting of a nonrenal malignancy: when is a renal tumor biopsy appropriate? Cancer. 2004 Nov 15;101(10):2195-201.Full text  Abstract

73. Zisman A, Pantuck AJ, Dorey F, et al. Improved prognostication of renal cell carcinoma using an integrated staging system. J Clin Oncol. 2001 Mar 15;19(6):1649-57. Abstract

74. Frank I, Blute ML, Cheville JC, et al. An outcome prediction model for patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma treated with radical nephrectomy based on tumor stage, size, grade, and necrosis: the SSIGN Score. J Urol. 2002 Dec;168(6):2395-400. Abstract

75. Heng DY, Xie W, Regan MM, et al. Prognostic factors for overall survival in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with vascular endothelial growth factor-targeted agents: results from a large, multicenter study. J Clin Oncol. 2009 Dec 1;27(34):5794-9. Abstract

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77. Martini DJ, Liu Y, Shabto JM, et al. Novel risk scoring system for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Oncologist. 2020 Mar;25(3):e484-91.Full text  Abstract

78. Peña C, Lathia C, Shan M, et al. Biomarkers predicting outcome in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: results from sorafenib phase III Treatment Approaches in Renal Cancer Global Evaluation Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 1;16(19):4853-63. Abstract

79. Calvo E, Porta C, Grünwald V, et al. The current and evolving landscape of first-line treatments for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Oncologist. 2019 Mar;24(3):338-48.Full text  Abstract

80. Rini BI, Battle D, Figlin RA, et al. The society for immunotherapy of cancer consensus statement on immunotherapy for the treatment of advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC). J Immunother Cancer. 2019 Dec 20;7(1):354.Full text  Abstract

81. Roussel E, Campi R, Amparore D, et al. Expanding the role of ultrasound for the characterization of renal masses. J Clin Med. 2022 Feb 19;11(4):1112.Full text  Abstract

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84. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: renal cell carcinoma staging. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

85. European Society for Medical Oncology. Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines. September 2021 [internet publication].Full text

86. Quhal F, Mori K, Bruchbacher A, et al. First-line immunotherapy-based combinations for metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Eur Urol Oncol. 2021 Mar 20 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

87. Pierorazio PM, Johnson MH, Patel HD, et al. Management of renal masses and localized renal cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2016 Oct;196(4):989-99.Full text  Abstract

88. Crispen PL, Viterbo R, Boorjian SA, et al. Natural history, growth kinetics, and outcomes of untreated clinically localized renal tumors under active surveillance. Cancer. 2009 Jul 1;115(13):2844-52. Abstract

89. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: post-treatment follow-up and active surveillance of clinically localized renal cell carcinoma. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

90. Fan X, Xu K, Lin T, et al. Comparison of transperitoneal and retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJU Int. 2013 Apr;111(4):611-21. Abstract

91. Masson-Lecomte A, Bensalah K, Seringe E, et al. A prospective comparison of surgical and pathological outcomes obtained after robot-assisted or pure laparoscopic partial nephrectomy in moderate to complex renal tumours: results from a French multicentre collaborative study. BJU Int. 2013 Feb;111(2):256-63. Abstract

92. Xia L, Wang X, Xu T, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies reporting perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy versus open partial nephrectomy. J Endourol. 2017 Sep;31(9):893-909. Abstract

93. Weight CJ, Mulders PF, Pantuck AJ, et al. The role of adrenalectomy in renal cancer. Eur Urol Focus. 2016 Feb;1(3):251-57. Abstract

94. Kim SP, Thompson RH, Boorjian SA, et al. Comparative effectiveness for survival and renal function of partial and radical nephrectomy for localized renal tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Urol. 2012 Jul;188(1):51-7. Abstract

95. Van Poppel H, Da Pozzo L, Albrecht W, et al. A prospective, randomised EORTC intergroup phase 3 study comparing the oncologic outcome of elective nephron-sparing surgery and radical nephrectomy for low-stage renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2011 Apr;59(4):543-52. Abstract

96. Kroon BK, de Bruijn R, Prevoo W, et al. Probability of downsizing primary tumors of renal cell carcinoma by targeted therapies is related to size at presentation. Urology. 2013 Jan;81(1):111-5. Abstract

97. Hatiboglu G, Hohenfellner M, Arslan A, et al. Effective downsizing but enhanced intratumoral heterogeneity following neoadjuvant sorafenib in patients with non-metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2017 Jun;402(4):637-44. Abstract

98. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Pembrolizumab for adjuvant treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Oct 2022 [internet publication]Full text

99. Salagierski M, Wojciechowska A, Zając K, et al. The role of ablation and minimally invasive techniques in the management of small renal masses. Eur Urol Oncol. 2018 Oct;1(5):395-402. Abstract

100. Kunkle DA, Uzzo RG. Cryoablation or radiofrequency ablation of the small renal mass: a meta-analysis. Cancer. 2008 Nov 15;113(10):2671-80.Full text  Abstract

101. Haidar GM, Hicks TD, El-Sayed HF, et al. Treatment options and outcomes for caval thrombectomy and resection for renal cell carcinoma. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017 May;5(3):430-36. Abstract

102. Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Adjuvant pembrolizumab after nephrectomy in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 19;385(8):683-94. Abstract

103. Powles T, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Pembrolizumab versus placebo as post-nephrectomy adjuvant therapy for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (KEYNOTE-564): 30-month follow-up analysis of a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2022 Sep;23(9):1133-1144.Full text  Abstract

104. Choueiri TK, Tomczak P, Park SH, et al. Overall Survival with adjuvant pembrolizumab in renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2024 Apr 18;390(15):1359-71.Full text  Abstract

105. Schrader AJ, Steffens S, Schnoeller TJ, et al. Neoadjuvant therapy of renal cell carcinoma: a novel treatment option in the era of targeted therapy? Int J Urol. 2012 Oct;19(10):903-7. Abstract

106. Ouzaid I, Capitanio U, Staehler M, et al. Surgical metastasectomy in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review. Eur Urol Oncol. 2019 Mar;2(2):141-9. Abstract

107. Rathmell WK, Rumble RB, Van Veldhuizen PJ, et al. Management of metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: ASCO guideline. J Clin Oncol. 2022 Sep 1;40(25):2957-95.Full text  Abstract

108. Méjean A, Ravaud A, Thezenas S, et al. Sunitinib alone or after nephrectomy in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2018 Aug 2;379(5):417-27.Full text  Abstract

109. Bhindi B, Abel EJ, Albiges L, et al. Systematic review of the role of cytoreductive nephrectomy in the targeted therapy era and beyond: an individualized approach to metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Eur Urol. 2019 Jan;75(1):111-28. Abstract

110. Kuusk T, Szabados B, Liu WK, et al. Cytoreductive nephrectomy in the current treatment algorithm. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2019 Sep 27;11:1758835919879026.Full text  Abstract

111. Hsiang WR, Kenney PA, Leapman MS. Redefining the role of surgical management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Mar 13;22(4):35. Abstract

112. Rini BI, Plimack ER, Stus V, et al. Pembrolizumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 21;380(12):1116-27.Full text  Abstract

113. Powles T; ESMO Guidelines Committee. Recent eUpdate to the ESMO clinical practice guidelines on renal cell carcinoma on cabozantinib and nivolumab for first-line clear cell renal cancer: Renal cell carcinoma: ESMO clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. Ann Oncol. 2021 Mar;32(3):422-3.Full text  Abstract

114. Choueiri TK, Powles T, Burotto M, et al. Nivolumab plus cabozantinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 4;384(9):829-41.Full text  Abstract

115. Motzer R, Alekseev B, Rha SY, et al. Lenvatinib plus pembrolizumab or everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2021 Apr 8;384(14):1289-300. Abstract

116. Motzer RJ, Rini BI, McDermott DF, et al. Nivolumab plus ipilimumab versus sunitinib in first-line treatment for advanced renal cell carcinoma: extended follow-up of efficacy and safety results from a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Oct;20(10):1370-85. Abstract

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118. Gulati S, Vaishampayan U. Current state of systemic therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Curr Oncol Rep. 2020 Feb 11;22(3):26. Abstract

119. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Reeves J, et al. Randomized open-label phase III trial of pazopanib versus sunitinib in first-line treatment of patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC): results of the COMPARZ trial. ESMO Congress; October 1, 2012; Vienna. Abstract LBA8.Full text

120. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Cella D, et al. Pazopanib versus sunitinib in metastatic renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 22;369(8):722-31.Full text  Abstract

121. Escudier BJ, Porta C, Bono P, et al. Patient preference between pazopanib (Paz) and sunitinib (Sun): Results of a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC)-PISCES study, NCT 01064310. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(suppl):abstract CRA4502).Full text

122. Basso M, Cassano A, Barone C. A survey of therapy for advanced renal cell carcinoma. Urol Oncol. 2010 Mar-Apr;(2):121-33. Abstract

123. Rini BI, Escudier B, Tomczak P, et al. Comparative effectiveness of axitinib versus sorafenib in advanced renal cell carcinoma (AXIS): a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2011 Dec 3;378(9807):1931-9. Abstract

124. George DJ, Hessel C, Halabi S, et al. Cabozantinib versus sunitinib for untreated patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma of intermediate or poor risk: subgroup analysis of the alliance A031203 CABOSUN trial. Oncologist. 2019 Nov;24(11):1497-501.Full text  Abstract

125. Choueiri TK, Escudier B, Powles T, et al; METEOR investigators. Cabozantinib versus everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma (METEOR): final results from a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2016 Jul;17(7):917-27. Abstract

126. Martínez Chanzá N, Xie W, Asim Bilen M, et al. Cabozantinib in advanced non-clear-cell renal cell carcinoma: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study. Lancet Oncol. 2019 Apr;20(4):581-90.Full text  Abstract

127. Motzer RJ, Hutson TE, Glen H, et al. Lenvatinib, everolimus, and the combination in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a randomised, phase 2, open-label, multicentre trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Nov;16(15):1473-82. Abstract

128. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, Oudard S, et al. Efficacy of everolimus in advanced renal cell carcinoma: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase III trial. Lancet. 2008 Aug 9;372(9637):449-56. Abstract

129. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Everolimus for advanced renal cell carcinoma after previous treatment. February 2017 [internet publication].Full text

130. Motzer RJ, Escudier B, McDermott DF, et al; CheckMate 025 Investigators. Nivolumab versus everolimus in advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2015 Nov 5;373(19):1803-13.Full text  Abstract

131. Motzer RJ, Penkov K, Haanen J, et al. Avelumab plus axitinib versus sunitinib for advanced renal-cell carcinoma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Mar 21;380(12):1103-15.Full text  Abstract

132. Bajwa R, Cheema A, Khan T, et al. Adverse effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed death-1 inhibitors and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein-4 inhibitors): results of a retrospective study. J Clin Med Res. 2019 Apr;11(4):225-36.Full text  Abstract

133. Rini BI, Pal SK, Escudier BJ, et al. Tivozanib versus sorafenib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (TIVO-3): a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label study. Lancet Oncol. 2020 Jan;21(1):95-104. Abstract

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