Type 1 diabetes accounts for about 5% to 10% of all patients with diabetes. It is the most commonly diagnosed diabetes of youth (under 20 years of age) and causes ≥85% of all diabetes cases in this age group worldwide.[3]Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925303/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723815?tool=bestpractice.com
It is estimated that 1,106,500 people aged 0-19 years have type 1 diabetes worldwide, with 132,600 newly diagnosed cases each year.[4]International Diabetes Federation. Diabetes atlas 8th edition. 2017 [internet publication].
https://www.idf.org/our-activities/advocacy-awareness/resources-and-tools/134:idf-diabetes-atlas-8th-edition.html
In the US from 2011-2012, more than 17,900 people aged under 20 years were newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes annually (annual rate for new cases about 21 in 100,000).[5]Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National diabetes statistics report, 2017. July 2017 [internet publication].
https://www.cdc.gov/diabetes/data/statistics/statistics-report.html
In a study of adults diagnosed with diabetes in the US in 2016 and 2017, type 1 diabetes accounted for 5.6% of cases.[6]Xu G, Liu B, Sun Y, et al. Prevalence of diagnosed type 1 and type 2 diabetes among US adults in 2016 and 2017: population based study. BMJ. 2018 Sep 4;362:k1497.
https://www.bmj.com/content/362/bmj.k1497.long
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30181166?tool=bestpractice.com
There is significant geographic variation in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. It is more common in Europeans and less common in Asians. Thus, a child in Finland is 40 times more likely to develop type 1 diabetes than a child in Japan and almost 100 times more likely to get the disease than a child in the Zunyi region of China.[7]Onkamo P, Väänänen S, Karvonen M, et al. Worldwide increase in incidence of type I diabetes - the analysis of the data on published incidence trends. Diabetologia. 1999 Dec;42(12):1395-403.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs001250051309.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10651256?tool=bestpractice.com
Worldwide, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing by 3% every year, although the reasons for this are unclear.[8]EURODIAB ACE Study Group. Variation and trends in incidence of childhood diabetes in Europe. Lancet. 2000 Mar 11;355(9207):873-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10752702?tool=bestpractice.com
[9]Adeloye D, Chan KY, Thorley N, et al. Global and regional estimates of the morbidity due to type I diabetes among children aged 0-4 years: a systematic review and analysis. J Glob Health. 2018 Dec;8(2):021101.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6214490/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30410744?tool=bestpractice.com
[10]Patterson CC, Gyürüs E, Rosenbauer J, et al. Trends in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence in Europe during 1989-2008: evidence of non-uniformity over time in rates of increase. Diabetologia. 2012 May 26;55(8):2142-7.
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00125-012-2571-8
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22638547?tool=bestpractice.com
[11]DIAMOND Project Group. Incidence and trends of childhood Type 1 diabetes worldwide 1990-1999. Diabet Med. 2006 Aug;23(8):857-66.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16911623?tool=bestpractice.com
One report showed a more rapid increase in nonwhite racial and ethnic groups.[12]Mayer-Davis EJ, Lawrence JM, Dabelea D, et al; SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study. Incidence trends of type 1 and type 2 diabetes among youths, 2002-2012. N Engl J Med. 2017 Apr 13;376(15):1419-29.
https://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa1610187
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28402773?tool=bestpractice.com
Type 1 diabetes can present at any age, with the highest incidence observed in children aged 10-14 years.[3]Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925303/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723815?tool=bestpractice.com
It affects males and females equally.[3]Maahs DM, West NA, Lawrence JM, et al. Epidemiology of type 1 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2010 Sep;39(3):481-97.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2925303/
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20723815?tool=bestpractice.com