Pericarditis

References

Key articles

Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 7;36(42):2921-64.Full text  Abstract

Chiabrando JG, Bonaventura A, Vecchié A, et al. Management of acute and recurrent pericarditis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jan 7;75(1):76-92.Full text  Abstract

Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-e454.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

1. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Eur Heart J. 2015 Nov 7;36(42):2921-64.Full text  Abstract

2. Imazio M, Brucato A, Mayosi BM, et al. Medical therapy of pericardial diseases: part II: Noninfectious pericarditis, pericardial effusion and constrictive pericarditis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2010 Nov;11(11):785-94. Abstract

3. Imazio M, Brucato A, Mayosi BM, et al. Medical therapy of pericardial diseases: part I: idiopathic and infectious pericarditis. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2010 Oct;11(10):712-22. Abstract

4. Jensen TB, Kheyr MAE, Mohey R. Constrictive pericarditis caused by Cutibacterium (Propionibacterium) acnes: a case report and review of literature. IDCases. 2017 Sep 28;10:79-82.Full text  Abstract

5. Patone M, Mei XW, Handunnetthi L, et al. Risks of myocarditis, pericarditis, and cardiac arrhythmias associated with COVID-19 vaccination or SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Med. 2022 Feb;28(2):410-22.Full text  Abstract

6. Nakhla S, Mentias A, Rymer C, et al. Acute pericarditis after atrial fibrillation ablation: incidence, characteristics, and risk factors. Heart Rhythm O2. 2022 Jun;3(3):248-51.Full text  Abstract

7. Gong J, Drobni ZD, Zafar A, et al. Pericardial disease in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. J Immunother Cancer. 2021 Jun;9(6).Full text  Abstract

8. Mahalwar G, Kumar A, Agrawal A, et al. Pericardial involvement in sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 2022 May 1;170:100-4. Abstract

9. Scatularo CE, Ballesteros OA, Saldarriaga C, et al. Zika & heart: a systematic review. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jan;32(1):52-8. Abstract

10. Rahim A, Hameed A, Ishaq U, et al. Cardiovascular sequelae of dengue fever: a systematic review. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2022 Jun;20(6):465-79. Abstract

11. Ala CK, Klein AL, Moslehi JJ. Cancer treatment-associated pericardial disease: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2019 Nov 25;21(12):156. Abstract

12. Lange RA, Hillis LD. Clinical practice. Acute pericarditis. N Engl J Med. 2004 Nov 18;351(21):2195-202. Abstract

13. Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL. Pericarditis. Lancet. 2004 Feb 28;363(9410):717-27. Abstract

14. Little WC, Freeman GL. Pericardial disease. Circulation. 2006 Mar 28;113(12):1622-32.Full text  Abstract

15. Ariyarajah V, Spodick DH. Acute pericarditis: diagnostic cues and common electrocardiographic manifestations. Cardiol Rev. 2007 Jan-Feb;15(1):24-30. Abstract

16. Khandaker MH, Espinosa RE, Nishimura RA, et al. Pericardial disease: diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2010 Jun;85(6):572-93. Abstract

17. Kytö V, Sipilä J, Rautava P. Clinical profile and influences on outcomes in patients hospitalized for acute pericarditis. Circulation. 2014 Oct 28;130(18):1601-6.Full text  Abstract

18. Chiabrando JG, Bonaventura A, Vecchié A, et al. Management of acute and recurrent pericarditis: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020 Jan 7;75(1):76-92.Full text  Abstract

19. Buba F. Cardiovascular opportunistic infections in HIV disease. Biomed Res. 2011;22:279-84.

20. Imazio M, Gaita F, LeWinter M. Evaluation and treatment of pericarditis: a systematic review. JAMA. 2015 Oct 13;314(14):1498-506.Full text  Abstract

21. Imazio M. Pericardial involvement in systemic inflammatory diseases. Heart. 2011 Nov;97(22):1882-92. Abstract

22. Patel RS, Rohit Reddy S, Llukmani A, et al. Cardiovascular manifestations in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review of the pathogenesis and management of pericarditis. Cureus. 2021 Mar 20;13(3):e14010.Full text  Abstract

23. Parmar K, Subramanyam S, Del Rio-Pertuz G, et al. Cardiac adverse events after vaccination-a systematic review. Vaccines (Basel). 2022 Apr 29;10(5).Full text  Abstract

24. Mei R, Raschi E, Poluzzi E, et al. Recurrence of pericarditis after influenza vaccination: a case report and review of the literature. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol. 2018 May 5;19(1):20.Full text  Abstract

25. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Clinical considerations: myocarditis and pericarditis after receipt of COVID-19 vaccines among adolescents and young adults. Oct 2023​ [internet publication].Full text

26. World Health Organization. COVID-19 subcommittee of the WHO Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety (GACVS): updated guidance regarding myocarditis and pericarditis reported with COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

27. Malik J, Zaidi SMJ, Rana AS, et al. Post-cardiac injury syndrome: an evidence-based approach to diagnosis and treatment. AHJ Plus: Cardiology Research and Practice. 2021 Dec;12:100068.Full text

28. LeWinter MM, Kabbani S. Pericardial diseases. In: Zipes DP, Libby P, Bonow RO, et al, eds. Braunwald's heart disease. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:1757-80.

29. Maisch B. Recurrent pericarditis: mysterious or not so mysterious? Eur Heart J. 2005 Apr;26(7):631-3.Full text  Abstract

30. Sagristà-Sauleda J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Tuberculous pericarditis: ten year experience with a prospective protocol for diagnosis and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988 Apr;11(4):724-8.Full text  Abstract

31. Lancellotti P, Nkomo VT, Badano LP, et al. Expert consensus for multi-modality imaging evaluation of cardiovascular complications of radiotherapy in adults: a report from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging and the American Society of Echocardiography. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Sep;26(9):1013-32.Full text  Abstract

32. Imazio M, Brucato A, Forno D, et al. Efficacy and safety of colchicine for pericarditis prevention. Systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart. 2012 Jul;98(14):1078-82.Full text  Abstract

33. Imazio M, Brucato A, Rovere ME, et al. Colchicine prevents early postoperative pericardial and pleural effusions. Am Heart J. 2011 Sep;162(3):527-32. Abstract

34. Lutschinger LL, Rigopoulos AG, Schlattmann P, et al. Meta-analysis for the value of colchicine for the therapy of pericarditis and of postpericardiotomy syndrome. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2019 Sep 2;19(1):207.Full text  Abstract

35. Malektojari A, Tahmasebipour R, Fadaeihosein M, et al. Pharmacological preventions and treatments for pericardial complications after open heart surgeries. Heart. 2025 Jan 23 [Epub ahead of print].Full text  Abstract

36. Imazio M, Spodick DH, Brucato A, et al. Diagnostic issues in the clinical management of pericarditis. Int J Clin Pract. 2010 Sep;64(10):1384-92. Abstract

37. Imazio M, Spodick DH, Brucato A, et al. Controversial issues in the management of pericardial diseases. Circulation. 2010 Feb 23;121(7):916-28. Abstract

38. Imazio M, Brucato A, Trinchero R, et al. Diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2009 Dec;6(12):743-51. Abstract

39. Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-e454.Full text  Abstract

40. Ezekowitz JA, O'Meara E, McDonald MA, et al. 2017 Comprehensive update of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society guidelines for the management of heart failure. Can J Cardiol. 2017 Sep 6;33(11):1342-433.Full text  Abstract

41. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

42. Kumar S, Khubber S, Reyaldeen R, et al. Advances in imaging and targeted therapies for recurrent pericarditis: a review. JAMA Cardiol. 2022 Sep 1;7(9):975-85. Abstract

43. Seo HT, Kim YS, Ock HS, et al. Diagnostic performance of interferon-gamma release assay for diagnosis of tuberculous pericarditis: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pract. 2020 May;74(5):e13479. Abstract

44. Yu G, Zhong F, Shen Y, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of the Xpert MTB/RIF assay for tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2021 Sep 10;16(9):e0257220.Full text  Abstract

45. Imazio M, Brucato A, Derosa FG, et al. Aetiological diagnosis in acute and recurrent pericarditis: when and how. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2009 Mar;10(3):217-30. Abstract

46. Tuon FF, Litvoc MN, Lopes MI. Adenosine deaminase and tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Acta Trop. 2006 Aug;99(1):67-74. Abstract

47. Klein AL, Abbara S, Agler DA, et al. American Society of Echocardiography clinical recommendations for multimodality cardiovascular imaging of patients with pericardial disease. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2013 Sep;26(9):965-1012.Full text  Abstract

48. Braunwald E. Pericardial disease. In: Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Fauci AS, et al, eds. Harrison's internal medicine. 16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2005.

49. Belic L, Stafford G, Allen JW, et al. Cardiac tamponade during anticoagulation. Management with a pericardial drain and continued anticoagulation. JAMA. 1978 Aug 18;240(7):672. Abstract

50. Ala CK, Banerjee K, Chahine J, et al. D-dimer as a novel marker of inflammation in pericarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Mar;73(9):984.Full text

51. Bajaj N, Bozarth AL, Guillot J, et al. Clinical features in patients with pulmonary embolism at a community hospital: analysis of 4 years of data. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2014 Apr;37(3):287-92. Abstract

52. Brown G, Hogg K. Best evidence topic report. Diagnostic utility of electrocardiogram for diagnosing pulmonary embolism. Emerg Med J. 2005 Oct;22(10):729-30.Full text  Abstract

53. Sukhija R, Aronow WS, Ahn C, et al. Electrocardiographic abnormalities in patients with right ventricular dilation due to acute pulmonary embolism. Cardiology. 2006;105(1):57-60. Abstract

54. McEwan T, Robinson PC. A systematic review of the infectious complications of colchicine and the use of colchicine to treat infections. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021 Feb;51(1):101-12.Full text  Abstract

55. Kim JH, Baggish AL, Levine BD, et al. Clinical considerations for competitive sports participation for athletes with cardiovascular abnormalities: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. Circulation. 2025 Feb 20 ​​[Epub ahead of print]. ​Full text  Abstract

56. Pelliccia A, Solberg EE, Papadakis M, et al. Recommendations for participation in competitive and leisure time sport in athletes with cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, and pericarditis: position statement of the Sport Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC). Eur Heart J. 2019 Jan 1;40(1):19-33.Full text  Abstract

57. Galluzzo A, Imazio M. Advances in medical therapy for pericardial diseases. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2018 Sep;16(9):635-43. Abstract

58. Rao SV, O'Donoghue ML, Ruel M, et al. 2025 ACC/AHA/ACEP/NAEMSP/SCAI guideline for the management of patients with acute coronary syndromes: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. Mar 2025 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

59. Andreis A, Imazio M, Casula M, et al. Colchicine efficacy and safety for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Intern Emerg Med. 2021 Sep;16(6):1691-700.Full text  Abstract

60. Bayes-Genis A, Adler Y, de Luna AB, et al. Colchicine in pericarditis. Eur Heart J. 2017 Jun 7;38(22):1706-9.Full text  Abstract

61. Lotrionte M, Biondi-Zoccai G, Imazio M, et al. International collaborative systematic review of controlled clinical trials on pharmacologic treatments for acute pericarditis and its recurrences. Am Heart J. 2010 Oct;160(4):662-70. Abstract

62. Mayosi BM, Ntsekhe M, Bosch J, et al. Prednisolone and Mycobacterium indicus pranii in tuberculous pericarditis. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 18;371(12):1121-30.Full text  Abstract

63. George IA, Thomas B, Sadhu JS. Systematic review and meta-analysis of adjunctive corticosteroids in the treatment of tuberculous pericarditis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018 May 1;22(5):551-6. Abstract

64. Isiguzo G, Du Bruyn E, Howlett P, et al. Diagnosis and management of tuberculous pericarditis: what is new? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2020 Jan 15;22(1):2.Full text  Abstract

65. Liebenberg JJ, Dold CJ, Olivier LR. A prospective investigation into the effect of colchicine on tuberculous pericarditis. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2016 Nov/Dec;27(6):350-5.Full text  Abstract

66. Wiysonge CS, Ntsekhe M, Thabane L, et al. Interventions for treating tuberculous pericarditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Sep 13;9:CD000526.Full text  Abstract

67. Yadav S, Shah S, Iqbal Z, et al. Pericardiectomy for constrictive tuberculous pericarditis: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the etiology, patients' characteristics, and the outcomes. Cureus. 2021 Sep;13(9):e18252.Full text  Abstract

68. Imazio M, Lazaros G, Gattorno M, et al. Anti-interleukin-1 agents for pericarditis: a primer for cardiologists. Eur Heart J. 2022 Aug 14;43(31):2946-57.Full text  Abstract

69. Vianello F, Cinetto F, Cavraro M, et al. Azathioprine in isolated recurrent pericarditis: a single centre experience. Int J Cardiol. 2011 Mar 17;147(3):477-8. Abstract

70. Imazio M, Lazaros G, Picardi E, et al. Intravenous human immunoglobulins for refractory recurrent pericarditis: a systematic review of all published cases. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2016 Apr;17(4):263-9. Abstract

71. Emmi G, Urban ML, Imazio M, et al. Use of interleukin-1 blockers in pericardial and cardiovascular diseases. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2018 Jun 14;20(8):61. Abstract

72. Brucato A, Imazio M, Gattorno M, et al. Effect of anakinra on recurrent pericarditis among patients with colchicine resistance and corticosteroid dependence: The AIRTRIP randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Nov 8;316(18):1906-12.Full text  Abstract

73. Tzani A, Doulamis IP, Tzoumas A, et al. Meta-analysis of population characteristics and outcomes of patients undergoing pericardiectomy for constrictive pericarditis. Am J Cardiol. 2021 May 1;146:120-7. Abstract

74. Pankuweit S, Ristić AD, Seferović PM, et al. Bacterial pericarditis: diagnosis and management. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5(2):103-12. Abstract

75. Klein A, Cremer P, Kontzias A, et al. Clinical burden and unmet need in recurrent pericarditis: a systematic literature review. Cardiol Rev. 2022 Mar-Apr 01;30(2):59-69.Full text  Abstract

76. Imazio M, Brucato A, Maestroni S, et al. Risk of constrictive pericarditis after acute pericarditis. Circulation. 2011 Sep 13;124(11):1270-5.Full text  Abstract

77. Ling LH, Oh JK, Schaff HV, et al. Constrictive pericarditis in the modern era: evolving clinical spectrum and impact on outcome after pericardiectomy. Circulation. 1999 Sep 28;100(13):1380-6.Full text  Abstract

78. Alabed S, Cabello JB, Irving GJ, et al. Colchicine for pericarditis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 28;(8):CD010652.Full text  Abstract

Comorbidities Manager reference articles

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