Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Palella FJ, Delaney KM, Moorman FC, et al. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. N Engl J Med. 1998 Mar 26;338(13):853-60.Full text  Abstract

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and American Academy of Pediatrics. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in Children with and Exposed to HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Nov 2013 [internet publication].Full text

National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Full text

Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-54.Full text  Abstract

Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Oct;15(10):1143-238.Full text  Abstract

Fishman JA, Gans H, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13587. Abstract

Limper AH, Knox KS, Sarosi GA, et al. An official American Thoracic Society statement: treatment of fungal infections in adult pulmonary and critical care patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011 Jan 1;183(1):96-128.Full text  Abstract

Ewald H, Raatz H, Boscacci R, et al. Adjunctive corticosteroids for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Apr 2;(4):CD006150.Full text  Abstract

Cooley L, Dendle C, Wolf J, et al. Consensus guidelines for diagnosis, prophylaxis and management of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological and solid malignancies, 2014. Intern Med J. 2014 Dec;44(12b):1350-63.Full text  Abstract

Maertens J, Cesaro S, Maschmeyer G, et al. ECIL guidelines for preventing Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with haematological malignancies and stem cell transplant recipients. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2016 Sep;71(9):2397-404.Full text  Abstract

Classen AY, Henze L, von Lilienfeld-Toal M, et al. Primary prophylaxis of bacterial infections and Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with hematologic malignancies and solid tumors: 2020 updated guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Working Party of the German Society of Hematology and Medical Oncology (AGIHO/DGHO). Ann Hematol. 2021 Jun;100(6):1603-20.Full text  Abstract

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3. Morris A, Lundgren JD, Masur H, et al. Current epidemiology of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004 Oct;10(10):1713-20. Abstract

4. Low A, Gavriilidis G, Larke N, et al. Incidence of opportunistic infections and the impact of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected adults in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2016 Jun 15;62(12):1595-603.Full text  Abstract

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6. Kolbrink B, Scheikholeslami-Sabzewari J, Borzikowsky C, et al. Evolving epidemiology of pneumocystis pneumonia: Findings from a longitudinal population-based study and a retrospective multi-center study in Germany. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2022 Jul;18:100400.Full text  Abstract

7. Weverling GJ, Mocroft A, Ledergerber B, et al. Discontinuation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia prophylaxis after start of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infection. EuroSIDA Study Group. Lancet. 1999 Apr 17;353(9161):1293-8. Abstract

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9. Turvey SL, Bagshaw SM, Eurich DT, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes in critically ill patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2017;2017:7868954.Full text  Abstract

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11. Phair J, Munoz A, Detels R, et al. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1990 Jan 18;322(3):161-5. Abstract

12. Stansell JD, Osmond DH, Charlebois E, et al. Predictors of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected persons. Pulmonary Complications of HIV Infection Study Group. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1997 Jan;155(1):60-6. Abstract

13. Pulvirenti J, Herrera P, Venkataraman P, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in HIV-infected patients in the HAART era. AIDS Patient Care STDS. 2003 Jun;17(6):261-5. Abstract

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15. Huang L, Hecht FM. Why does Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia still occur? AIDS. 2000 Nov 10;14(16):2611-2. Abstract

16. López-Sánchez C, Falcó V, Burgos J, et al. Epidemiology and long-term survival in HIV-infected patients with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in the HAART era:experience in a university hospital and review of the literature. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Mar;94(12):e681.Full text  Abstract

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20. Nesheim SR Kopogiannis BG, Soe SM, et al. Trends in opportunistic infections in the pre- and post-highly active antiretroviral therapy eras among HIV-infected children in the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, 1986-2004. Pediatrics. 2007 Jul;120(1):100-9. Abstract

21. Kovacs A, Frederick T, Church J, et al. CD4 T-lymphocyte counts and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in pediatric HIV infection. JAMA. 1991 Apr 3;265(13):1698-703. Abstract

22. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and American Academy of Pediatrics. Panel on Opportunistic Infections in Children with and Exposed to HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in children with and exposed to HIV: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia. Nov 2013 [internet publication].Full text

23. Lowe DM, Rangaka MX, Gordon F, et al. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in tropical and low and middle income countries: a systematic review and meta-regression. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e69969.Full text  Abstract

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25. Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Jan;71(1):5-13. Abstract

26. Fillatre P, Decaux O, Jouneau S, et al. Incidence of Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia among groups at risk in HIV-negative patients. Am J Med. 2014 Dec;127(12):1242.e11-7. Abstract

27. Bienvenu AL, Traore K, Plekhanova I, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia suspected cases in 604 non-HIV and HIV patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2016 May;46:11-7. Abstract

28. Ling C, Qian S, Wang Q, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in non-HIV children: a 10-year retrospective study. Clin Respir J. 2018 Jan;12(1):16-22. Abstract

29. Maini R, Henderson KL, Sheridan EA, et al. Increasing Pneumocystis pneumonia, England, UK, 2000-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013 Mar;19(3):386-92.Full text  Abstract

30. Martin-Garrido I, Carmona EM, Specks U, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia in patients treated with rituximab. 2013 Jul;144(1):258-65.Full text  Abstract

31. Stern A, Green H, Paul M, et al. Prophylaxis for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in non-HIV immunocompromised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Oct 1;(10):CD005590.Full text  Abstract

32. National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, HIV Medicine Association, and Infectious Diseases Society of America. Panel on Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Opportunistic Infections in Adults and Adolescents with HIV. Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in adults and adolescents with HIV. Pneumocystis pneumonia. Sep 2024 [internet publication].Full text

33. Edman JC, Kovacs JA, Masur H, et al. Ribosomal RNA sequence shows Pneumocystis carinii to be a member of the fungi. Nature. 1988 Aug 11;334(6182):519-22. Abstract

34. Stringer JR, Cushion MT, Wakefield AE. New nomenclature for the genus Pneumocystis. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2001;(suppl):184S-9S. Abstract

35. Stringer JR, Beard CB, Miller RF, et al. A new name (Pneumocystis jiroveci) for Pneumocystis from humans. Emerg Infect Dis. 2002 Sep;8(9):891-6.Full text  Abstract

36. Limper AH, Offord KP, Smith TF, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Differences in lung parasite number and inflammation in patients with and without AIDS. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1989 Nov;140(5):1204-9. Abstract

37. Leoung GS. Pneumocystosis and HIV. HIV InSite Knowledge Base. Jan 2006 [internet publication].Full text

38. Harigai M, Koike R, Miyasaka M, et al. Pneumocystis pneumonia associated with infliximab in Japan. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 1;357(18):1874-6. Abstract

39. Imaizumi K, Sugishita M, Usui M, et al. Pulmonary infectious complications associated with anti-TNFalpha therapy (infliximab) for rheumatoid arthritis. Intern Med. 2006;45(10):685-8. Abstract

40. Kalyoncu U, Karadag O, Akdogan A, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a rheumatoid arthritis patient treated with adalimumab. Scand J Infect Dis. 2007;39(5):475-8. Abstract

41. Lahiff C, Khiaron OB, Nolan N, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in a patient on etanercept for psoriatic arthritis. Ir J Med Sci. 2007 Dec;176(4):309-11. Abstract

42. Mori S, Imamura S, Fiyofiji C, et al. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis as a complication of treatment with infliximab, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha neutralizing antibody. Mod Rheumatol. 2006;16(1):58-62. Abstract

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45. Ognibene FP, Shelhamer JH, Hoffman GS, et al. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: a major complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with Wegeners granulomatosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1995 Mar;151(3 Pt 1):795-9. Abstract

46. Green H, Paul M, Vidal J, et al. Prophylaxis of Pneumocystis pneumonia in immunocompromised non-HIV-infected patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clinic Proc. 2007 Sep;82(9):1052-9. Abstract

47. Taplitz RA, Kennedy EB, Bow EJ, et al. Antimicrobial prophylaxis for adult patients with cancer-related immunosuppression: ASCO and IDSA clinical practice guideline update. J Clin Oncol. 2018 Oct 20;36(30):3043-54.Full text  Abstract

48. Tomblyn M, Chiller T, Einsele H, et al. Guidelines for preventing infectious complications among hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: a global perspective. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2009 Oct;15(10):1143-238.Full text  Abstract

49. Fishman JA, Gans H, AST Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Pneumocystis jiroveci in solid organ transplantation: guidelines from the American Society of Transplantation Infectious Diseases Community of Practice. Clin Transplant. 2019 Sep;33(9):e13587. Abstract

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51. Olsson M, Lidman C, Latouche S, et al. Identification of Pneumocystis carinii f. sp. hominis gene sequences in filtered air in hospital environments. J Clin Microbiol. 1998 Jun;36(6):1737-40. Abstract

52. Schmoldt S, Schuhegger R, Wendler T, et al. Molecular evidence of nosocomial Pneumocystis jiroveci transmission among 16 patients after kidney transplantation. J Clin Microbiol. 2008 Mar;46(3):966-71. Abstract

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54. Zheng M, Shellito JE, Marrero L, et al. CD4+ T cell-independent vaccination against Pneumocystis carinii in mice. J Clin Invest. 2001 Nov;108(10):1469-74. Abstract

55. Wells J, Haidaris CG, Wright TW, et al. Active immunization against Pneumocystis carinii with a recombinant P. carinii antigen. Infect Immunol. 2006 Apr;74(4):2446-8. Abstract

56. Theus SA, Smulian AG, Steele P, et al. Immunization with the major surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii elicits a protective response. Vaccine. 1998 Jul;16(11-12):1149-57. Abstract

57. Cobos Jiménez V, Rabacal W, Rayens E, et al. Immunization with Pneumocystis recombinant KEX1 induces robust and durable humoral responses in immunocompromised non-human primates. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2019;15(9):2075-80.Full text  Abstract

58. Tesini BL, Wright TW, Malone JE, et al. Immunization with pneumocystis cross-reactive antigen 1 (Pca1) protects mice against Pneumocystis pneumonia and generates antibody to Pneumocystis jirovecii. Infect Immun. 2017 Mar 23;85(4):e00850-16.Full text  Abstract

59. Kling HM, Norris KA. Vaccine-induced immunogenicity and protection against Pneumocystis pneumonia in a nonhuman primate model of HIV and Pneumocystis coinfection. J Infect Dis. 2016 May 15;213(10):1586-95.Full text  Abstract

60. Katz MH, Baron RB, Grady D. Risk stratification of ambulatory patients suspected of Pneumocystis pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 1991 Jan;151(1):105-10. Abstract

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71. Sankary RM, Turner J, Lipavsky A, et al. Alveolar-capillary block in patients with AIDS and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1988 Feb;137(2):443-9. Abstract

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75. Tuncer S, Erguven S, Kocagoz S, et al. Comparison of cytochemical staining, immunofluorescence and PCR for diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii on sputum samples. Scand J Infect Dis. 1998;30(2):125-8. Abstract

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79. Skelly MJ, Holzman RS, Merali S. S-adenosylmethionine levels in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with HIV infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2008 Feb 1;46(3):467-71.Full text  Abstract

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82. Shimizu Y, Sunaga N, Dobashi K, et al. Serum markers in interstitial pneumonia with and without Pneumocystis jirovecii colonization: a prospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Apr 22;9:47.Full text  Abstract

83. Desmet S, Van Wijngaerden E, Maertens J, et al. Serum (1-3)-beta-D-glucan as a tool for diagnosis of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection or hematological malignancy. J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Dec;47(12):3871-4.Full text  Abstract

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