Giant cell arteritis

Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-8.Full text  Abstract

Maz M, Chung SA, Abril A, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;73(8):1349-65.Full text  Abstract

Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):636-43.Full text  Abstract

Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(3):e1-e23.Full text  Abstract

1. Smetana GW, Shmerling RH. Does this patient have temporal arteritis? JAMA. 2002 Jan 2;287(1):92-101. Abstract

2. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Hunder GG. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. Lancet. 2008 Jul 19;372(9634):234-45. Abstract

3. Bongartz T, Matteson EL. Large-vessel involvement in giant cell arteritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2006 Jan;18(1):10-7. Abstract

4. Kermani TA, Matteson EL, Hunder GG, et al. Symptomatic lower extremity vasculitis in giant cell arteritis: a case series. J Rheumatol. 2009 Oct;36(10):2277-83. Abstract

5. Salvarani C, Cantini F, Boiardi L, et al. Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):261-71. Abstract

6. Salvarani C, Gabriel SE, O'Fallon WM, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota: apparent fluctuations in a cyclic pattern. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Aug 1;123(3):192-4. Abstract

7. Kermani TA, Schäfer VS, Crowson CS, et al. Increase in age at onset of giant cell arteritis: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Apr;69(4):780-1. Abstract

8. Gonzalez-Gay MA, Garcia-Porrua C, Rivas MJ, et al. Epidemiology of biopsy proven giant cell arteritis in northwestern Spain: trend over an 18 year period. Ann Rheum Dis. 2001 Apr;60(4):367-71.Full text  Abstract

9. Pucelj NP, Hočevar A, Ješe R, et al. The incidence of giant cell arteritis in Slovenia. Clin Rheumatol. 2019 Feb;38(2):285-290.Full text  Abstract

10. Salvarani C, Macchioni P, Zizzi F, et al. Epidemiologic and immunogenetic aspects of polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis in northern Italy. Arthritis Rheum. 1991 Mar;34(3):351-6. Abstract

11. Salvarani C, Crowson CS, O'Fallon WM, et al. Reappraisal of the epidemiology of giant cell arteritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, over a fifty-year period. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr 15;51(2):264-8. Abstract

12. Weyand CM, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, et al. The HLA-DRB1 locus as a genetic component in giant cell arteritis. Mapping of a disease-linked sequence motif to the antigen binding site of the HLA-DR molecule. J Clin Invest. 1992 Dec;90(6):2355-61.Full text  Abstract

13. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Pryshchep O, et al. Vascular dendritic cells in giant cell arteritis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2005 Dec;1062:195-208. Abstract

14. Weyand CM, Schonberger J, Oppitz U, et al. Distinct vascular lesions in giant cell arteritis share identical T-cell clonotypes. J Exp Med. 1994 Mar 1;179(3):951-60.Full text  Abstract

15. Weyand CM, Ma-Krupa W, Goronzy JJ. Immunopathways in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica. Autoimmun Rev. 2004 Jan;3(1):46-53. Abstract

16. Weyand CM, Hicok KC, Hunder GG, et al. Tissue cytokine patterns in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 1994 Oct 1;121(7):484-91. Abstract

17. Nordborg E, Bengtsson BA. Epidemiology of biopsy-proven giant cell arteritis (GCA). J Intern Med. 1990 Apr;227(4):233-6. Abstract

18. Baldursson O, Steinsson K, Bjornsson J, et al. Giant cell arteritis in Iceland. An epidemiologic and histopathologic analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 1994 Jul;37(7):1007-12. Abstract

19. Larsson K, Mellstrom D, Nordborg E, et al. Early menopause, low body mass index, and smoking are independent risk factors for developing giant cell arteritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Apr;65(4):529-32. Abstract

20. Nordborg E, Nordborg C. Giant cell arteritis: epidemiological clues to its pathogenesis and an update on its treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2003 Mar;42(3):413-21.Full text  Abstract

21. Duhaut P, Pinede L, Demolombe-Rague S, et al. Giant cell arteritis and cardiovascular risk factors: a multicenter, prospective case-control study. Groupe de Recherche sur l'Arterite a Cellules Geantes. Arthritis Rheum. 1998 Nov;41(11):1960-5. Abstract

22. Brennan DN, Ungprasert P, Warrington KJ, et al. Smoking as a risk factor for giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Dec;48(3):529-37. Abstract

23. Petursdottir V, Johansson H, Nordborg E, et al. The epidemiology of biopsy-positive giant cell arteritis: special reference to cyclic fluctuations. Rheumatology (Oxford). 1999 Dec;38(12):1208-12.Full text  Abstract

24. England BR, Mikuls TR, Xie F, et al. Herpes zoster as a risk factor for incident giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Dec;69(12):2351-8. Abstract

25. Muratore F, Croci S, Tamagnini I, et al. No detection of varicella-zoster virus in temporal arteries of patients with giant cell arteritis. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2017 Oct;47(2):235-40. Abstract

26. Nagel MA, White T, Khmeleva N, et al. Analysis of varicella-zoster virus in temporal arteries biopsy positive and negative for giant cell arteritis. JAMA Neurol. 2015 Nov;72(11):1281-7.Full text  Abstract

27. Hunder GG, Bloch DA, Michel BA, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1990 Aug;33(8):1122-8.Full text  Abstract

28. Maz M, Chung SA, Abril A, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology/Vasculitis Foundation guideline for the management of giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Aug;73(8):1349-65.Full text  Abstract

29. Dejaco C, Ramiro S, Duftner C, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in large vessel vasculitis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2018 May;77(5):636-43.Full text  Abstract

30. Achkar AA, Lie JT, Hunder GG, et al. How does previous corticosteroid treatment affect the biopsy findings in giant cell (temporal) arteritis? Ann Intern Med. 1994 Jun 15;120(12):987-92. Abstract

31. Ray-Chaudhuri N, Kine DA, Tijani SO, et al. Effect of prior steroid treatment on temporal artery biopsy findings in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2002 May;86(5):530-2. Abstract

32. Maleszewski JJ, Younge BR, Fritzlen JT, et al. Clinical and pathological evolution of giant cell arteritis: a prospective study of follow-up temporal artery biopsies in 40 treated patients. Mod Pathol. 2017 Jun;30(6):788-96.Full text  Abstract

33. Muratore F, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, et al. Large-vessel giant cell arteritis: a cohort study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2015 Mar;54(3):463-70.Full text  Abstract

34. Ball EL, Walsh SR, Tang TY, et al. Role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of temporal arteritis. Br J Surgery. 2010 Dec;97(12):1765-71. Abstract

35. Karassa FB, Matsagas MI, Schmidt WA, et al. Meta-analysis: test performance of ultrasonography for giant-cell arteritis. Ann Intern Med. 2005 Mar 1;142(5):359-69. Abstract

36. Rinagel M, Chatelus E, Jousse-Joulin S, et al. Diagnostic performance of temporal artery ultrasound for the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Autoimmun Rev. 2019 Jan;18(1):56-61. Abstract

37. Kermani TA, Warrington KJ. Recent advances in diagnostic strategies for giant cell arteritis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2012 Apr;12(2):138-44. Abstract

38. Besson FL, Parienti JJ, Bienvenu B, et al. Diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in giant cell arteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011 Sep;38(9):1764-72. Abstract

39. Soussan M, Nicolas P, Schramm C, et al. Management of large-vessel vasculitis with FDG-PET: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015 Apr;94(14):e622.Full text  Abstract

40. Epperly TD, Moore KE, Harrover JD. Polymyalgia rheumatica and temporal arthritis. Am Fam Physician. 2000 Aug 15;62(4):789-96, 801.Full text  Abstract

41. Seo P, Stone JH. Large-vessel vasculitis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Feb 15;51(1):128-39.Full text  Abstract

42. Gertz MA, Kyle RA, Griffing WL, et al. Jaw claudication in primary systemic amyloidosis. Medicine (Baltimore). 1986 May;65(3):173-9. Abstract

43. Mackie SL, Dejaco C, Appenzeller S, et al. British Society for Rheumatology guideline on diagnosis and treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 Mar 1;59(3):e1-e23.Full text  Abstract

44. Bienvenu B, Ly KH, Lambert M, et al. Management of giant cell arteritis: recommendations of the French Study Group for Large Vessel Vasculitis (GEFA). Rev Med Interne. 2016 Mar;37(3):154-65. Abstract

45. Fraser JA, Weyand CM, Newman NJ, et al. The treatment of giant cell arteritis. Rev Neurol Dis. 2008 Summer;5(3):140-52. Abstract

46. Younge BR, Cook BE Jr, Bartley GB, et al. Initiation of glucocorticoid therapy: before or after temporal artery biopsy? Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Apr;79(4):483-91. Abstract

47. Singh AG, Kermani TA, Crowson CS, et al. Visual manifestations in giant cell arteritis: trend over 5 decades in a population-based cohort. J Rheumatol. 2015 Feb;42(2):309-15.Full text  Abstract

48. Chan CC, Paine M, O'Day J. Steroid management in giant cell arteritis. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001 Sep;85(9):1061-4. Abstract

49. Buckley L, Guyatt G, Fink HA, et al. 2017 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the prevention and treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Aug;69(8):1521-37.Full text  Abstract

50. Salvarani C, Magnani L, Catanoso M, et al. Tocilizumab: a novel therapy for patients with large-vessel vasculitis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Jan;51(1):151-6. Abstract

51. Villiger PM, Adler S, Kuchen S, et al. Tocilizumab for induction and maintenance of remission in giant cell arteritis: a phase 2, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2016 May 7;387(10031):1921-7. Abstract

52. Stone JH, Tuckwell K, Dimonaco S, et al. Trial of tocilizumab in giant-cell arteritis. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jul 27;377(4):317-28. Abstract

53. Monti S, Águeda AF, Luqmani RA, et al. Systematic literature review informing the 2018 update of the EULAR recommendation for the management of large vessel vasculitis: focus on giant cell arteritis. RMD Open. 2019 Sep 16;5(2):e001003.Full text  Abstract

54. Berti A, Cornec D, Medina Inojosa JR, et al. Treatments for giant cell arteritis: Meta-analysis and assessment of estimates reliability using the fragility index. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2018 Aug;48(1):77-82. Abstract

55. Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency. Tocilizumab (RoActemra): rare risk of serious liver injury including cases requiring transplantation. Jul 2019 [internet publication].Full text

56. Hoffman GS, Cid MC, Hellmann DB, et al. A multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adjuvant methotrexate treatment for giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2002 May;46(5):1309-18. Abstract

57. Jover JA, Hernandez-Garcia C, Morado IC, et al. Combined treatment of giant-cell arteritis with methotrexate and prednisone: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med. 2001 Jan 16;134(2):106-14. Abstract

58. Mahr AD, Jover JA, Spiera RF, et al. Adjunctive methotrexate for treatment of giant cell arteritis: an individual patient data meta-analysis. Arthritis Rheum. 2007 Aug;56(8):2789-97. Abstract

59. Langford CA, Cuthbertson D, Ytterberg SR, et al. A randomized, double-blind trial of abatacept (CTLA-4Ig) for the treatment of giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2017 Apr;69(4):837-45.Full text  Abstract

60. Nesher G, Berkun Y, Mates M, et al. Low-dose aspirin and prevention of cranial ischemic complications in giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Apr;50(4):1332-7. Abstract

61. Lee MS, Smith SD, Galor A, et al. Antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy in patients with giant cell arteritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2006 Oct;54(10):3306-9. Abstract

62. Narváez J, Bernad B, Gómez-Vaquero C, et al. Impact of antiplatelet therapy in the development of severe ischemic complications and in the outcome of patients with giant cell arteritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2008 May-Jun;26(3 suppl 49):S57-62. Abstract

63. Salvarani C, Della Bella C, Cimino L, et al. Risk factors for severe cranial ischaemic events in an Italian population-based cohort of patients with giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2009 Mar;48(3):250-3.Full text  Abstract

64. Martínez-Taboada VM, López-Hoyos M, Narvaez J, et al. Effect of antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy on severe ischemic complications in patients with giant cell arteritis: a cumulative meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev. 2014 Aug;13(8):788-94. Abstract

65. Hellmich B, Agueda A, Monti S, et al. 2018 Update of the EULAR recommendations for the management of large vessel vasculitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020 Jan;79(1):19-30.Full text  Abstract

66. Mollan SP, Sharrack N, Burdon MA, et al. Aspirin as adjunctive treatment for giant cell arteritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014 Aug 3;(8):CD010453.Full text  Abstract

67. Loock J, Henes J, Kötter I, et al. Treatment of refractory giant cell arteritis with cyclophosphamide:a retrospective analysis of 35 patients from three centres. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012 Jan-Feb;30(1 Suppl 70):S70-6. Abstract

68. Evans JM, O'Fallon WM, Hunder GG. Increased incidence of aortic aneurysm and dissection in giant cell (temporal) arteritis. A population-based study. Ann Intern Med. 1995 Apr 1;122(7):502-7. Abstract

69. Nuenninghoff DM, Hunder GG, Christianson TJ, et al. Mortality of large-artery complication (aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection, and/or large-artery stenosis) in patients with giant cell arteritis: a population-based study over 50 years. Arthritis Rheum. 2003 Dec;48(12):3532-7. Abstract

70. Tomasson G, Peloquin C, Mohammad A, et al. Risk for cardiovascular disease early and late after a diagnosis of giant-cell arteritis: a cohort study. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 21;160(2):73-80.Full text  Abstract

71. Amiri N, De Vera M, Choi HK, et al. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease in giant cell arteritis: a general population-based study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016 Jan;55(1):33-40. Abstract

72. Aiello PD, Trautmann JC, McPhee TJ, et al. Visual prognosis in giant cell arteritis. Ophthalmology. 1993 Apr;100(4):550-5. Abstract

73. Liozon E, Herrmann F, Ly K, et al. Risk factors for visual loss in giant cell (temporal) arteritis: a prospective study of 174 patients. Am J Med. 2001 Aug 15;111(3):211-7. Abstract

74. Yale SH, Limper AH. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: associated illness and prior corticosteroid therapy. Mayo Clin Proc. 1996 Jan;71(1):5-13. Abstract

75. Kermani TA, Ytterberg SR, Warrington KJ. Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in giant cell arteritis: a case series. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2011 May;63(5):761-5. Abstract

76. Mackie SL, Hensor EM, Morgan AW, et al. Should I send my patient with previous giant cell arteritis for imaging of the thoracic aorta? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jan;73(1):143-8. Abstract