Diverticular disease

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: left lower quadrant pain. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Peery AF, Shaukat A, Strate LL. AGA Clinical practice update on medical management of colonic diverticulitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021 Feb;160(3):906-11.e1.Full text  Abstract

Hall J, Hardiman K, Lee S, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Jun;63(6):728-47.Full text  Abstract

Qaseem A, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Lin JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):399-415.Full text  Abstract

Sartelli M, Weber DG, Kluger Y, et al. 2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 May 7;15(1):32.Full text  Abstract

Stollman N, Smalley W, Hirano I; AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1944-9.Full text  Abstract

1. Tursi A. Diverticular disease: a therapeutic overview. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther. 2010 Feb 6;1(1):27-35.Full text  Abstract

2. Andersen JC, Bundgaard L, Elbrønd H, et al. Danish national guidelines for treatment of diverticular disease. Dan Med J. 2012 May;59(5):C4453. Abstract

3. Hinchey EJ, Schaal PG, Richards GK. Treatment of perforated diverticular disease of the colon. Adv Surg. 1978;12:85-109. Abstract

4. Matrana MR, Margolin DA. Epidemiology and pathophysiology of diverticular disease. Clin Colon Rectal Surg. 2009 Aug;22(3):141-6.Full text  Abstract

5. Delvaux M. Diverticular disease of colon in Europe: epidemiology, impact on citizen health and prevention. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2003 Nov;18(suppl 3):71-4. Abstract

6. Painter NS, Burkitt DP. Diverticular disease of the colon: a deficiency disease of Western civilization. Br Med J. 1971 May 22;2(5759):450-4. Abstract

7. Painter NS. The cause of diverticular disease of colon, its symptoms and complications, review and hypothesis. J R Col Surg Edinb. 1985 Apr;30(2):118-22. Abstract

8. Ogunbiyi OA. Diverticular disease of the colon in Ibadan, Nigeria. Afr J Med Med Sci. 1989 Dec;18(4):241-4. Abstract

9. Kiguli-Malwadde E, Kasozi H. Diverticular disease of the colon in Kampala, Uganda. Afr Health Sci. 2002 Apr;2(1):29-32.Full text  Abstract

10. Madiba TE, Mokoena T. Pattern of diverticular disease among Africans. East Afr Med J. 1994 Oct;71(10):644-6. Abstract

11. Nair P, Mayberry JF. Vegetarianism, dietary fiber and gastrointestinal disease. Dig Dis. 1994 May-Jun;12(3):177-85. Abstract

12. Gear JS, Ware A, Fursdon P, et al. Symptomless diverticular disease and intake of dietary fibre. Lancet. 1979 Mar 10;1(8115):511-4. Abstract

13. Crowe FL, Appleby PN, Allen NE, et al. Diet and risk of diverticular disease in Oxford cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC): prospective study of British vegetarians and non-vegetarians. BMJ. 2011 Jul 19;343:d4131.Full text  Abstract

14. Lin OS, Soon MS, Wu SS, et al. Dietary habits and right-sided colonic diverticulosis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2000 Oct;43(10):1412-8. Abstract

15. Parks TG. Natural history of diverticular disease of the colon. Clin Gastroentrol. 1975 Jan;4(1):53-69. Abstract

16. Konvolinka CW. Acute diverticulitis under the age of forty. Am J Surg. 1994 Jun;167(6):562-5. Abstract

17. Tursi A. Current and evolving concepts on the pathogenesis of diverticular disease. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2019 Jun 1;28:225-35.Full text  Abstract

18. Schafmayer C, Harrison JW, Buch S, et al. Genome-wide association analysis of diverticular disease points towards neuromuscular, connective tissue and epithelial pathomechanisms. Gut. 2019 May;68(5):854-65.Full text  Abstract

19. Wijarnpreecha K, Ahuja W, Chesdachai S, et al. Obesity and the risk of colonic diverticulosis: a meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2018 Apr;61(4):476-83. Abstract

20. Aune D, Sen A, Leitzmann MF, et al. Body mass index and physical activity and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J Nutr. 2017 Dec;56(8):2423-38.Full text  Abstract

21. Aune D, Sen A, Leitzmann MF, et al. Tobacco smoking and the risk of diverticular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. Colorectal Dis. 2017 Jul;19(7):621-33. Abstract

22. Wijarnpreecha K, Boonpheng B, Thongprayoon C, et al. Smoking and risk of colonic diverticulosis: a meta-analysis. J Postgrad Med. 2018 Jan-Mar;64(1):35-9.Full text  Abstract

23. Bode MK, Karttunen TJ, Makela J, et al. Type I and III collagens in human colon cancer and diverticulosis. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2000 Jul;35(7):747-52. Abstract

24. Bassotti G, Battaglia E, Spinozzi E, et al. Twenty-four hour recordings of colonic motility in patients with diverticular disease: evidence for abnormal motility and propulasive activity. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001 Dec;44(12):1814-20. Abstract

25. Leganger J, Søborg MK, Mortensen LQ, et al. Association between diverticular disease and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome: a 13-year nationwide population-based cohort study. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2016 Dec;31(12):1863-7. Abstract

26. Hauer-Jensen M, Bursac Z, Read RC. Is herniosis the single etiology of Saint's triad? Hernia. 2009 Feb;13(1):29-34. Abstract

27. Schieffer KM, Kline BP, Yochum GS, et al. Pathophysiology of diverticular disease. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2018 Jul;12(7):683-92. Abstract

28. Muller-Lissner SA. Effect of wheat bran on weight of stool and gastrointestinal transit time: a meta analysis. Br Med J. 1988 Feb 27;296(6622):615-7. Abstract

29. Simpson J, Scholefield JH, Spiller RC. Pathogenesis of colonic diverticula. Br J Surg 2002 May;89(5):546-54. Abstract

30. Tjiang E, Raja M, Hoyle C, et al. The role of nitric oxide in colonic compliance in diverticular disease. Gut. 1998 Jan;42 (suppl 1):A95.

31. Painter NS, Burkitt DP. Diverticular disease of the colon, a 20th century problem. Clin Gastroenterol. 1975 Jan;4(1):3-21. Abstract

32. Young-Fadok TM, Roberts PL, Spencer MP, et al. Colonic diverticular disease. Curr Prob Surg. 2000 Jul;37(7):457-514. Abstract

33. Ma W, Nguyen LH, Song M, et al. Intake of dietary fiber, fruits, and vegetables and risk of diverticulitis. Am J Gastroenterol. 2019 Sep;114(9):1531-8.Full text  Abstract

34. Wess L, Eastwood MA, Wess TJ, et al. Cross linking of collagen is increased in colonic diverticulosis. Gut. 1995 Jul;37(1):91-4. Abstract

35. Dobbins C, Defontgalland D, Duthie G, et al. The relationship of obesity to the complications of diverticular disease. Colorectal Dis. 2006 Jan;8(1):37-40. Abstract

36. Strate LL, Liu YL, Aldoori WH, et al. Obesity increases the risks of diverticulitis and diverticular bleeding. Gastroenterology. 2009 Jan;136(1):115-22.Full text  Abstract

37. Goh H, Bourne R. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and perforated diverticular disease: a case-control study. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2002 Mar;84(2):93-6.Full text  Abstract

38. Sugihara Y, Kudo SE, Miyachi H, et al. Analysis of risk factors for colonic diverticular bleeding: a matched case-control study. Gut Liver. 2016 Mar;10(2):244-9.Full text  Abstract

39. Yuhara H, Corley DA, Nakahara F, et al. Aspirin and non-aspirin NSAIDs increase risk of colonic diverticular bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol. 2014 Jun;49(6):992-1000. Abstract

40. Sengupta N, Feuerstein JD, Jairath V, et al. Management of patients with acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: an updated ACG guideline. Am J Gastroenterol. 2023 Feb 1;118(2):208-31.Full text  Abstract

41. Marlett JA, McBurney MI, Slavin JL; American Dietetic Association. Position of the American Dietetic Association: health implications of dietary fiber. J Am Diet Assoc. 2002 Jul;102(7):993-1000. Abstract

42. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: left lower quadrant pain. 2023 [internet publication].Full text

43. Peery AF, Shaukat A, Strate LL. AGA Clinical practice update on medical management of colonic diverticulitis: expert review. Gastroenterology. 2021 Feb;160(3):906-11.e1.Full text  Abstract

44. Shin JH, Son BH, Kim H. Clinically distinguishing between appendicitis and right-sided colonic diverticulitis at initial presentation. Yonsei Med J. 2007 Jun 30;48(3):511-6.Full text  Abstract

45. Hall J, Hardiman K, Lee S, et al. The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2020 Jun;63(6):728-47.Full text  Abstract

46. Qaseem A, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Lin JS, et al. Diagnosis and management of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):399-415.Full text  Abstract

47. Qaseem A, Etxeandia-Ikobaltzeta I, Lin JS, et al. Colonoscopy for diagnostic evaluation and interventions to prevent recurrence after acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis: a clinical guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):416-31.Full text  Abstract

48. Jensen DM, Machicado GA, Jutabha R, et al. Urgent colonoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of severe diverticular hemorrhage. N Eng J Med. 2000 Jan 13;342(2):78-82. Abstract

49. Salzman H, Lillie D. Diverticular disease: diagnosis and treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2005 Oct 1;72(7):1229-34.Full text  Abstract

50. Sartelli M, Weber DG, Kluger Y, et al. 2020 update of the WSES guidelines for the management of acute colonic diverticulitis in the emergency setting. World J Emerg Surg. 2020 May 7;15(1):32.Full text  Abstract

51. Kechagias A, Rautio T, Kechagias G, et al. The role of C-reactive protein in the prediction of the clinical severity of acute diverticulitis. Am Surg. 2014 Apr;80(4):391-5. Abstract

52. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK). Diverticular disease: diagnosis and management. November 2019 [internet publication].Full text

53. Loftus EV Jr. Clinical epidemiology of inflammatory bowel disease: incidence, prevalence, and environmental influences. Gastroenterology. 2004 May;126(6):1504-17. Abstract

54. Kirsner JB. Historical origins of current IBD concepts. World J Gastroenterol. 2001 Apr;7(2):175-84. Abstract

55. Shepherd NA. Diverticular disease and chronic idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: associations and masquerades. Gut 1996 Jun;38(6):801-2. Abstract

56. Schmulson MJ, Drossman DA. What is new in Rome IV. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2017 Apr 30;23(2):151-63.Full text  Abstract

57. Eberhardt F, Crichton M, Dahl C, et al. Role of dietary fibre in older adults with asymptomatic (AS) or symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease (SUDD): systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas. 2019 Dec;130:57-67. Abstract

58. Unlu C, Daniels L, Vrouenraets BC, et al. A systematic review of high-fibre dietary therapy in diverticular disease. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2012 Apr;27(4):419-27.Full text  Abstract

59. Byrnes MC, Mazuski JE. Antimicrobial therapy for acute colonic diverticulitis. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2009 Apr;10(2):143-54. Abstract

60. Biondo S, Golda T, Kreisler E, et al. Outpatient versus hospitalization management for uncomplicated diverticulitis: a prospective, multicenter randomized clinical trial (DIVER trial). Ann Surg. 2014 Jan;259(1):38-44. Abstract

61. Sánchez-Velázquez P, Grande L, Pera M. Outpatient treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Jun;28(6):622-7. Abstract

62. Ferzoco LB, Raptopoulos V, Silen W. Acute diverticulitis. N Engl J Med. 1998 May 21;338(21):1521-6. Abstract

63. Mege D, Yeo H. Meta-analyses of current strategies to treat uncomplicated diverticulitis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019 Mar;62(3):371-8. Abstract

64. Desai M, Fathallah J, Nutalapati V, et al. Antibiotics versus no antibiotics for acute uncomplicated diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Dis Colon Rectum. 2019 Aug;62(8):1005-12. Abstract

65. Emile SH, Elfeki H, Sakr A, et al. Management of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis without antibiotics: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression of predictors of treatment failure. Tech Coloproctol. 2018 Jul;22(7):499-509. Abstract

66. Balk EM, Adam GP, Bhuma MR, et al. Diagnostic imaging and medical management of acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis : a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):379-87.Full text  Abstract

67. Dichman ML, Rosenstock SJ, Shabanzadeh DM. Antibiotics for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Jun 22;6:CD009092.Full text  Abstract

68. Stollman N, Smalley W, Hirano I; AGA Institute Clinical Guidelines Committee. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the management of acute diverticulitis. Gastroenterology. 2015 Dec;149(7):1944-9.Full text  Abstract

69. Bloomfeld RS, Rockey DC, Shetzline MA. Endoscopic therapy of acute diverticular hemorrhage. Am J Gastroenterol. 2001 Aug;96(8):2367-72. Abstract

70. Angenete E, Bock D, Rosenberg J, et al. Laparoscopic lavage is superior to colon resection for perforated purulent diverticulitis-a meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017 Feb;32(2):163-9.Full text  Abstract

71. Cirocchi R, Di Saverio S, Weber DG, et al. Laparoscopic lavage versus surgical resection for acute diverticulitis with generalised peritonitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tech Coloproctol. 2017 Feb;21(2):93-110. Abstract

72. Gregersen R, Mortensen LQ, Burcharth J, et al. Treatment of patients with acute colonic diverticulitis complicated by abscess formation: a systematic review. Int J Surg. 2016 Nov;35:201-8. Abstract

73. Toorenvliet BR, Swank H, Schoones JW, et al. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for perforated colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2010 Sep;12(9):862-7. Abstract

74. Angenete E, Thornell A, Burcharth J, et al. Laparoscopic lavage is feasible and safe for the treatment of perforated diverticulitis with purulent peritonitis: the first results from the randomized controlled trial DILALA. Annf Surg. 2016 Jan;263(1):117-22.Full text  Abstract

75. Gehrman J, Angenete E, Björholt I, et al. Health economic analysis of laparoscopic lavage versus Hartmann's procedure for diverticulitis in the randomized DILALA trial. Br J Surg. 2016 Oct;103(11):1539-47.Full text  Abstract

76. Schultz JK, Wallon C, Blecic L, et al. One-year results of the SCANDIV randomized clinical trial of laparoscopic lavage versus primary resection for acute perforated diverticulitis. Br J Surg. 2017 Sep;104(10):1382-92. Abstract

77. Shaikh FM, Stewart PM, Walsh SR, et al. Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage or surgical resection for acute perforated sigmoid diverticulitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Surg. 2017 Feb;38:130-7. Abstract

78. Galbraith N, Carter JV, Netz U, et al. Laparoscopic lavage in the management of perforated diverticulitis: a contemporary meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Surg. 2017 Sep;21(9):1491-9. Abstract

79. Abbas S. Resection and primary anastomosis in acute complicated diverticulitis, a systematic review of the literature. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2007 Apr;22(4):351-7. Abstract

80. Janes S, Meagher A, Faragher IG, et al. The place of elective surgery following acute diverticulitis in young patients: when is surgery indicated? An analysis of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 2009 May;52(5):1008-16. Abstract

81. Richards RJ, Hammitt JK. Timing of prophylactic surgery in prevention of diverticulitis recurrence: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Dig Dis Sci. 2002 Sep;47(9):1903-8. Abstract

82. Siddiqui MR, Sajid MS, Qureshi S, et al. Elective laparoscopic sigmoid resection for diverticular disease has fewer complications than conventional surgery: a meta-analysis. Am J Surg. 2010 Jul;200(1):144-61. Abstract

83. Cirocchi RF, Farinella E, Trastulli S, et al. Elective sigmoid colectomy for diverticular disease. Laparoscopic vs open surgery: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis. 2012 Jun;14(6):671-83. Abstract

84. Andeweg CS, Berg R, Staal JB, et al. Patient-reported outcomes after conservative or surgical management of recurrent and chronic complaints of diverticulitis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016 Feb;14(2):183-90. Abstract

85. Basany EE, Solís-Peña A, Pellino G, et al. Preoperative oral antibiotics and surgical-site infections in colon surgery (ORALEV): a multicentre, single-blind, pragmatic, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2020 Aug;5(8):729-38. Abstract

86. Balk EM, Adam GP, Cao W, et al. Evaluation and management after acute left-sided colonic diverticulitis : a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2022 Mar;175(3):388-98.Full text  Abstract

87. Gaber CE, Kinlaw AC, Edwards JK, et al. Comparative Effectiveness and Harms of Antibiotics for Outpatient Diverticulitis : Two Nationwide Cohort Studies. Ann Intern Med. 2021 Jun;174(6):737-46. Abstract

88. European Medicines Agency. Quinolone- and fluoroquinolone-containing medicinal products. 19 March 2019 [internet publication].Full text

89. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA Drug Safety Communication: FDA warns about increased risk of ruptures or tears in the aorta blood vessel with fluoroquinolone antibiotics in certain patients. 21 December 2018 [internet publication].Full text

90. US Food and Drug Administration. FDA reinforces safety information about serious low blood sugar levels and mental health side effects with fluoroquinolone antibiotics; requires label changes. 10 July 2018 [internet publication].Full text

91. Schultz JK, Azhar N, Binda GA, et al. European Society of Coloproctology: guidelines for the management of diverticular disease of the colon. Colorectal Dis. 2020 Sep;22(2 suppl):5-28.Full text  Abstract

92. Francis NK, Sylla P, Abou-Khalil M, et al. EAES and SAGES 2018 consensus conference on acute diverticulitis management: evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice. Surg Endosc. 2019 Sep;33(9):2726-41.Full text  Abstract

93. Fozard JB, Armitage NC, Schofield JB, et al. ACPGBI position statement on elective resection for diverticulitis. Colorectal Dis. 2011 Apr;13(3 suppl):S1-11.Full text

94. Reisman Y, Ziv Y, Kravrovitc D, et al. Diverticulitis: the effect of age and location on the course of diseases. International J Colorect Dis. 1999 Nov;14(4-5):250-4. Abstract

95. Hupfeld L, Burcharth J, Pommergaard HC, et al. Risk factors for recurrence after acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Int J Colorectal Dis. 2017 May;32(5):611-22. Abstract

96. Munson KD, Hensien MA, Jacob LN, et al. Diverticulitis: a comprehensive follow-up, Dis Colon Rectum. 1996 Mar;39(3):318-22. Abstract

97. Elliott TB, Yego S, Irvin TT. Five-year audit of the acute complications of diverticular disease. Br J Surg. 1997 Apr;84(4):535-9. Abstract

98. Saini S, Mueller PR, Whittenberg J, et al. Percutaneous drainage of diverticular abscess: an adjunct to surgical therapy. Arch Surg. 1986 Apr;121(4):475-8. Abstract

99. Woods RJ, Lavery IC, Fazio VW, et al. Internal fistulas in diverticular disease. Dis Clon Rectum. 1988 Aug;31(8):591-6. Abstract

100. McBeath RB, Schiff M Jr, Allen V, et al. A 12-year experience with enterovesical fistulas. Urology. 1994 Nov;44(5):661-5. Abstract

101. Tamim WZ, Ghellai A, Counihan TC, et al. Experience with endoluminal colonic wall stents for the management large bowel obstruction for benign and malignant disease. Arch Surg. 2000 Apr;135(4):434-8. Abstract

102. Kief BJ, Eckert GJ, Imperiale TF. Is diverticulosis associated with colorectal neoplasia? A cross-sectional colonoscopic study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2004 Oct;99(10):2007-11. Abstract

103. Aldoori WH, Giovannucci EL, Rimm EB, et al. Prospective study of physical activity and risk of symptomatic diverticular disease in men. Gut. 1995 Feb;36(2):276-82. Abstract