Polycystic ovary syndrome

Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine F, et al., eds. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific; 1992:377-84.

The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25. Abstract

Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4237-45.Full text  Abstract

Day F, Karaderi T, Jones MR, et al. Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria. PLoS Genet. 2018 Dec 19;14(12):e1007813.Full text  Abstract

International PCOS Network. International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Wang R, Li W, Bordewijk EM, et al. First-line ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Nov 5;25(6):717-32.Full text  Abstract

1. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine F, et al., eds. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific; 1992:377-84.

2. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25. Abstract

3. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4237-45.Full text  Abstract

4. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009 Feb;91(2):456-88. Abstract

5. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007 Aug 25;370(9588):685-97. Abstract

6. Dewailly D, Catteau-Jonard S, Reyss AC, et al. Oligoanovulation with polycystic ovaries but not overt hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;91(10):3922-7.Full text  Abstract

7. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome: towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens JR, Haseltine F, et al., eds. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Scientific; 1992:377-84.

8. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, et al. The prevalence and features of the polycystic ovary syndrome in an unselected population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2745-9.Full text  Abstract

9. Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, et al. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016 Dec;31(12):2841-55. Abstract

10. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Kouli CR, Bergiele AT, et al. A survey of the polycystic ovary syndrome in the Greek island of Lesbos: hormonal and metabolic profile. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Nov;84(11):4006-11.Full text  Abstract

11. Asuncion M, Calvo RM, San Millan JL, et al. A prospective study of the prevalence of the polycystic ovary syndrome in unselected Caucasian women from Spain. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000 Jul;85(7):2434-8.Full text  Abstract

12. Michelmore KF, Balen AH, Dunger DB, et al. Polycystic ovaries and associated clinical and biochemical features in young women. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1999 Dec;51(6):779-86. Abstract

13. Goodarzi MO, Quiñones MJ, Azziz R, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome in Mexican-Americans: prevalence and association with the severity of insulin resistance. Fertil Steril. 2005 Sep;84(3):766-9. Abstract

14. Davis SR, Knight S, White V, et al. Preliminary indication of a high prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in indigenous Australian women. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2002 Dec;16(6):443-6. Abstract

15. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;89(2):453-62.Full text  Abstract

16. Sam S, Sung YA, Legro RS. Evidence for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2008 Jan;57(1):84-9. Abstract

17. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Demers L, et al. Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as the reproductive phenotype in the brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2134-8.Full text  Abstract

18. Goodarzi MO. Looking for polycystic ovary syndrome genes: rational and best strategy. Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Jan;26(1):5-13. Abstract

19. Vink JM, Sadrzadeh S, Lambalk CB, et al. Heritability of polycystic ovary syndrome in a Dutch twin-family study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;91(6):2100-4.Full text  Abstract

20. Chen ZJ, Zhao H, He L, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for polycystic ovary syndrome on chromosome 2p16.3, 2p21 and 9q33.3. Nat Genet. 2011 Jan;43(1):55-9. Abstract

21. Goodarzi MO, Jones MR, Li X, et al. Replication of association of DENND1A and THADA variants with polycystic ovary syndrome in European cohorts. J Med Genet. 2012 Feb;49(2):90-5. Abstract

22. Eriksen MB, Brusgaard K, Andersen M, et al. Association of polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphism rs2479106 and PCOS in Caucasian patients with PCOS or hirsutism as referral diagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Jul;163(1):39-42. Abstract

23. Welt CK, Styrkarsdottir U, Ehrmann DA, et al. Variants in DENND1A are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in women of European ancestry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jul;97(7):E1342-7.Full text  Abstract

24. Bao S, Cai JH, Yang SY, et al. Association of DENND1A gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016 Jun 5;8(2):135-43.Full text  Abstract

25. Shi Y, Zhao H, Shi Y, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight new risk loci for polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Genet. 2012 Sep;44(9):1020-5. Abstract

26. Hayes MG, Urbanek M, Ehrmann DA, et al. Genome-wide association of polycystic ovary syndrome implicates alterations in gonadotropin secretion in European ancestry populations. Nat Commun. 2015 Aug 18;6:7502.Full text  Abstract

27. Day FR, Hinds DA, Tung JY, et al. Causal mechanisms and balancing selection inferred from genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Commun. 2015 Sep 29;6:8464.Full text  Abstract

28. Day F, Karaderi T, Jones MR, et al. Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria. PLoS Genet. 2018 Dec 19;14(12):e1007813.Full text  Abstract

29. Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO. Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder? Fertil Steril. 2011 Apr;95(5):1544-8.Full text  Abstract

30. Shah NA, Antoine HJ, Pall M, et al. Association of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1939-45.Full text  Abstract

31. Hickey TE, Legro RS, Norman RJ. Epigenetic modification of the X chromosome influences susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;91(7):2789-91.Full text  Abstract

32. Kahsar-Miller MD, Nixon C, Boots LR, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS. Fertil Steril. 2001 Jan;75(1):53-8. Abstract

33. Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF III, et al. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):14956-60.Full text  Abstract

34. Goodarzi MO, Azziz R. Diagnosis, epidemiology, and genetics of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;20(2):193-205. Abstract

35. Ibáñez L, Dimartino-Nardi J, Potau N, et al. Premature adrenarche-normal variant or forerunner of adult disease? Endocr Rev. 2000 Dec;21(6):671-96.Full text  Abstract

36. Brower MA, Hai Y, Jones MR, et al. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2019 Jan 1;34(1):127-36. Abstract

37. Ibáñez L, Potau N, Francois I, et al. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: relation to reduced fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3558-62.Full text  Abstract

38. Ibáñez L, Valls C, Potau N, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome after precocious pubarche: ontogeny of the low-birthweight effect. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Nov;55(5):667-72. Abstract

39. Melo AS, Vieira CS, Barbieri MA, et al. High prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women born small for gestational age. Hum Reprod. 2010 Aug;25(8):2124-31. Abstract

40. Valgeirsdottir H, Vanky E, Sundström-Poromaa I, et al. Prenatal exposures and birth indices, and subsequent risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: a national registry-based cohort study. BJOG. 2019 Jan;126(2):244-51. Abstract

41. Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA, et al. Ovarian hyperandrogynism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Nov;79(5):1328-33. Abstract

42. Kuijper EA, Vink JM, Lambalk CB, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women from opposite-sex twin pairs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):1987-90. Abstract

43. Anderson H, Fogel N, Grebe SK, et al. Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2180-6. Abstract

44. Barry JA, Kay AR, Navaratnarajah R, et al. Umbilical vein testosterone in female infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome is elevated to male levels. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(5):444-6. Abstract

45. Kandaraki E, Chatzigeorgiou A, Livadas S, et al. Endocrine disruptors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): elevated serum levels of bisphenol A in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar;96(3):E480-4. Abstract

46. Hu Y, Wen S, Yuan D, et al. The association between the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018 May;34(5):370-7. Abstract

47. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4237-45.Full text  Abstract

48. Anon. Screening and management of the hyperandrogenic adolescent: ACOG committee opinion, number 789. Obstet Gynecol. 2019 Oct;134(4):e106-14.Full text  Abstract

49. Peña AS, Witchel SF, Hoeger KM, et al. Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international evidence-based guideline. BMC Med. 2020 Mar 24;18(1):72.Full text  Abstract

50. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25. Abstract

51. International PCOS Network. International evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

52. Vassalou H, Sotiraki M, Michala L. PCOS diagnosis in adolescents: the timeline of a controversy in a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 26;32(6):549-59. Abstract

53. Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA, et al; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):4565-92.Full text  Abstract

54. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, et al. Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):28-38.e25. Abstract

55. Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Wang C, et al. Diagnostic value of anti-Müllerian hormone as a biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis update. Endocr Pract. 2019 Oct;25(10):1056-66. Abstract

56. Elting MW, Kwee J, Korsen TJ, et al. Aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome who achieve regular menstrual cycles have a smaller follicle cohort than those who continue to have irregular cycles. Fertil Steril. 2003 May;79(5):1154-60. Abstract

57. Carmina E, Koyama T, Chang L, et al. Does ethnicity influence the prevalence of adrenal hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992 Dec;167(6):1807-12. Abstract

58. Wild RA, Carmina E, Amanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2038-49.Full text  Abstract

59. Azziz R, Hincapie LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Screening for 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia among hyperandrogenic women: a prospective study. Fertil Steril. 1999 Nov;72(5):915-25. Abstract

60. Kakoly NS, Khomami MB, Joham AE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity and the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-regression. Hum Reprod Update. 2018 Jul 1;24(4):455-67.Full text  Abstract

61. Salley KE, Wickham EP, Cheang KI, et al. Glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the Androgen Excess Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Dec;92(12):4546-56.Full text  Abstract

62. De Ugarte CM, Chen YDI, Azziz R. What's the best way to diagnose insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia? Contemp Ob Gyn. 2005 March;50:66-74.

63. Wild RA, Applebaum-Bowden D, Demers LM, et al. Lipoprotein lipids in women with androgen excess: independent associations with increased insulin and androgen. Clin Chem. 1990 Feb;36(2):283-9. Abstract

64. Talbott E, Clerici A, Berga SL, et al. Adverse lipid and coronary heart disease risk profiles in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 May;51(5):415-22. Abstract

65. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Med. 2001 Dec 1;111(8):607-13. Abstract

66. Ayala C, Steinberger E, Smith KD, et al. Serum testosterone levels and reference ranges in reproductive-age women. Endocr Pract. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):322-9. Abstract

67. Bui HN, Sluss PM, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in women: Reference intervals, biological variation, and diagnostic value in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2015 Oct 23;450:227-32. Abstract

68. Legro RS, Schlaff WD, Diamond MP, et al. Total testosterone assays in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: precision and correlation with hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Dec;95(12):5305-13.Full text  Abstract

69. Woods KS, Reyna R, Azziz R. Effect of oral micronized progesterone on androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1125-7. Abstract

70. Alsamarai S, Adams JM, Murphy MK, et al. Criteria for polycystic ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome as a function of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4961-70. Abstract

71. Meldrum DR, Abraham GE. Peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of various steroid hormones in virilizing ovarian tumors. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Jan;53(1):36-43. Abstract

72. Derksen J, Nagesser SK, Meinders AE. Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women. N Engl J Med. 1994 Oct 13;331(15):968-73.Full text  Abstract

73. Draper N, Stewart PM. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the pre-receptor regulation of corticosteroid hormone action. J Endocrinol. 2005 Aug;186(2):251-71. Abstract

74. Martin KA, Anderson RR, Chang RJ, et al. Evaluation and treatment of hirsutism in premenopausal women: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Apr 1;103(4):1233-57.Full text  Abstract

75. Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W, et al. American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College Of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society Disease State Clinical Review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome - part 1. Endocr Pract. 2015 Nov;21(11):1291-300. Abstract

76. Goodman NF, Cobin RH, Futterweit W, et al. American Association Of Clinical Endocrinologists, American College Of Endocrinology, and Androgen Excess and PCOS Society Disease State Clinical Review: guide to the best practices in the evaluation and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome - part 2. Endocr Pract. 2015 Dec;21(12):1415-26. Abstract

77. Conway G, Dewailly D, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, et al. The polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement from the European Society of Endocrinology. Eur J Endocrinol. 2014 Oct;171(4):P1-29.Full text  Abstract

78. Moran LJ, Brinkworth G, Noakes M, et al. Effects of lifestyle modification in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Reprod Biomed Online. 2006 May;12(5):569-78. Abstract

79. Kiddy DS, Hamilton-Fairley D, Bush A, et al. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992 Jan;36(1):105-11. Abstract

80. Clark AM, Ledger W, Galletly C, et al. Weight loss results in significant improvement in pregnancy and ovulation rates in anovulatory obese women. Hum Reprod. 1995 Oct;10(10):2705-12. Abstract

81. Harrison CL, Lombard CB, Moran LJ, et al. Exercise therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):171-83.Full text  Abstract

82. Lim SS, Hutchison SK, Van Ryswyk E, et al. Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 28;(3):CD007506.Full text  Abstract

83. Oberg E, Gidlöf S, Jakson I, et al. Improved menstrual function in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome after behavioural modification intervention - a randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Mar;90(3):468-78. Abstract

84. Stamets K, Taylor DS, Kunselman A, et al. A randomized trial of the effects of two types of short-term hypocaloric diets on weight loss in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Mar;81(3):630-7. Abstract

85. Moran JL, Noakes M, Clifton PM, et al. Short-term meal replacements followed by dietary macronutrient restriction enhance weight loss in polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2006 Jul;84(1):77-87.Full text  Abstract

86. Moran LJ, Noakes M, Clifton PM, et al. Dietary composition in restoring reproductive and metabolic physiology in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Feb;88(2):812-9.Full text  Abstract

87. Moran LJ, Ko H, Misso M, et al. Dietary composition in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review to inform evidence-based guidelines. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2013 Apr;113(4):520-45. Abstract

88. Leeman L, Acharya U. The use of metformin in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome and associated anovulatory infertility: the current evidence. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2009 Aug;29(6):467-72. Abstract

89. Ehrmann DA, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J, et al. Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action, and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):524-30.Full text  Abstract

90. Johnson NP, Bontekoe S, Stewart AW. Analysis of factors predicting success of metformin and clomiphene treatment for women with infertility owing to PCOS-related ovulation dysfunction in a randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Jun;51(3):252-6. Abstract

91. Sharpe A, Morley LC, Tang T, et al. Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 17;(12):CD013505.Full text  Abstract

92. Feng L, Lin XF, Wan ZH, et al. Efficacy of metformin on pregnancy complications in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2015;31(11):833-9. Abstract

93. Zeng XL, Zhang YF, Tian Q, et al. Effects of metformin on pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Sep;95(36):e4526. Abstract

94. Tan X, Li S, Chang Y, Fang C, et al. Effect of metformin treatment during pregnancy on women with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Invest Med. 2016 Sep 11;39(4):E120-31. Abstract

95. Løvvik TS, Carlsen SM, Salvesen Ø, et al. Use of metformin to treat pregnant women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PregMet2): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2019 Apr;7(4):256-66. Abstract

96. Hanem LGE, Salvesen Ø, Juliusson PB, et al. Intrauterine metformin exposure and offspring cardiometabolic risk factors (PedMet study): a 5-10 year follow-up of the PregMet randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):166-74. Abstract

97. Smithson DS, Vause TDR, Cheung AP. No. 362-ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jul;40(7):978-87. Abstract

98. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Committee opinion no. 738: aromatase inhibitors in gynecologic practice. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun;131(6):1. Abstract

99. Wang R, Li W, Bordewijk EM, et al. First-line ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Nov 5;25(6):717-32.Full text  Abstract

100. Casper RF, Mitwally MF. Review: aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):760-71.Full text  Abstract

101. Legro RS, Brzyski RG, Diamond MP, et al. Letrozole versus clomiphene for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10;371(2):119-29.Full text  Abstract

102. Franik S, Eltrop SM, Kremer JA, et al. Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for subfertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 May 24;(5):CD010287.Full text  Abstract

103. Misso ML, Wong JL, Teede HJ, et al. Aromatase inhibitors for PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 May-Jun;18(3):301-12. Abstract

104. Yu Q, Hu S, Wang Y, et al. Letrozole versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019 Feb 6;17(1):17.Full text  Abstract

105. Abu Hashim H, Shokeir T, Badawy A. Letrozole versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2010 Sep;94(4):1405-9. Abstract

106. Aboulghar M. Symposium: Update on prediction and management of OHSS. Prevention of OHSS. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Jul;19(1):33-42. Abstract

107. Bordewijk EM, Nahuis M, Costello MF, et al. Metformin during ovulation induction with gonadotrophins followed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination for subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 24;(1):CD009090.Full text  Abstract

108. Abu Hashim H. Twenty years of ovulation induction with metformin for PCOS; what is the best available evidence? Reprod Biomed Online. 2016 Jan;32(1):44-53. Abstract

109. Bordewijk EM, Ng KYB, Rakic L, et al. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 11;(2):CD001122.Full text  Abstract

110. Palomba S, Falbo A, La Sala GB. Effects of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome treated with gonadotrophins for in vitro fertilisation and intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BJOG. 2013 Feb;120(3):267-76. Abstract

111. Mourad S, Brown J, Farquhar C. Interventions for the prevention of OHSS in ART cycles: an overview of Cochrane reviews. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 23;(1):CD012103.Full text  Abstract

112. Huang X, Wang P, Tal R, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of metformin among patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing assisted reproductive technology procedures. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2015 Nov;131(2):111-6. Abstract

113. Barrionuevo P, Nabhan M, Altayar O, et al. Treatment options for hirsutism: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Apr 1;103(4):1258-64. Abstract

114. van Hylckama Vlieg A, Helmerhorst FM, Vandenbroucke JP, et al. The venous thrombotic risk of oral contraceptives, effects of oestrogen dose and progestogen type: results of the MEGA case-control study. BMJ. 2009 Aug 13;339:b2921. Abstract

115. Lidegaard Ø, Løkkegaard E, Svendsen AL, et al. Hormonal contraception and risk of venous thromboembolism: national follow-up study. BMJ. 2009 Aug 13;339:b2890.Full text  Abstract

116. Gronich N, Lavi I, Rennert G. Higher risk of venous thrombosis associated with drospirenone-containing oral contraceptives: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ. 2011 Dec 13;183(18):E1319-25.Full text  Abstract

117. Dinger JC, Heinemann LA, Kühl-Habich D. The safety of a drospirenone-containing oral contraceptive: final results from the European Active Surveillance Study on oral contraceptives based on 142,475 women-years of observation. Contraception. 2007 May;75(5):344-54. Abstract

118. Cosma M, Swiglo BA, Flynn DN, et al. Clinical review: insulin sensitizers for the treatment of hirsutism: a systematic review and metaanalyses of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Apr;93(4):1135-42.Full text  Abstract

119. Fraison E, Kostova E, Moran LJ, et al. Metformin versus the combined oral contraceptive pill for hirsutism, acne, and menstrual pattern in polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 13;(8):CD005552.Full text  Abstract

120. Barba M, Schünemann HJ, Sperati F, et al. The effects of metformin on endogenous androgens and SHBG in women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 May;70(5):661-70.Full text  Abstract

121. Thethi TK, Katalenich B, Nagireddy P, et al. Role of insulin sensitizers on cardiovascular risk factors in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a meta-analysis. Endocr Pract. 2015 Jun;21(6):645-67. Abstract

122. Nieuwenhuis-Ruifrok AE, Kuchenbecker WK, Hoek A, et al. Insulin sensitizing drugs for weight loss in women of reproductive age who are overweight or obese: systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2009 Jan-Feb;15(1):57-68.Full text  Abstract

123. Palomba S, Orio F Jr, Falbo A, et al. Prospective parallel randomized, double-blind, double-dummy controlled clinical trial comparing clomiphene citrate and metformin as the first-line treatment for ovulation induction in nonobese anovulatory women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jul;90(7):4068-74.Full text  Abstract

124. Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 8;356(6):551-66. Abstract

125. Palomba S, Pasquali R, Orio F, et al. Clomiphene citrate, metformin or both as first-step approach in treating anovulatory infertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a systematic review of head-to-head randomized controlled studies and meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2009 Feb;70(2):311-21. Abstract

126. Aubuchon M, Kunselman AR, Schlaff WD, et al. Metformin and/or clomiphene do not adversely affect liver or renal function in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Oct;96(10):E1645-9. Abstract

127. Brown J, Farquhar C. Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 15;(12):CD002249.Full text  Abstract

128. Ding N, Chang J, Jian Q, et al. Luteal phase clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016 Nov;32(11):866-71. Abstract

129. Moll E, Bossuyt PM, Korevaar JC, et al. Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ. 2006 Jun 24;332(7556):1485.Full text  Abstract

130. Cataldo NA, Barnhart HX, Legro RS, et al. Extended-release metformin does not reduce the clomiphene citrate dose required to induce ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Aug;93(8):3124-7.Full text  Abstract

131. Moll E, Korevaar JC, Bossuyt PM, et al. Does adding metformin to clomifene citrate lead to higher pregnancy rates in a subset of women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Hum Reprod. 2008 Aug;23(8):1830-4.Full text  Abstract

132. Moll E, van der Veen F, van Wely M. The role of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):527-37.Full text  Abstract

133. Creanga AA, Bradley HM, McCormick C, et al. Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Apr;111(4):959-68. Abstract

134. Weiss NS, Kostova E, Nahuis M, et al. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 16;1:CD010290.Full text  Abstract

135. Christin-Maitre S, Hugues JN. A comparative randomized multicentric study comparing the step-up versus step-down protocol in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2003 Aug;18(8):1626-31.Full text  Abstract

136. Koundouros SN. A comparison study of a novel stimulation protocol and the conventional low dose step-up and step-down regimens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2008 Sep;90(3):569-75. Abstract

137. Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, et al. A meta-analysis of outcomes of conventional IVF in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Jan-Feb;12(1):13-21.Full text  Abstract

138. Tso LO, Costello MF, Albuquerque LET, et al. Metformin treatment before and during IVF or ICSI in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Dec 21;(12):CD006105.Full text  Abstract

139. Fernandez H, Morin-Surruca M, Torre A, et al. Ovarian drilling for surgical treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Jun;22(6):556-68. Abstract

140. Api M. Is ovarian reserve diminished after laparoscopic ovarian drilling? Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009 Mar;25(3):159-65. Abstract

141. Al-Mizyen E, Grudzinskas JG. Unilateral laparoscopic ovarian diathermy in infertile women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2007 Dec;88(6):1678-80. Abstract

142. Baghdadi LR, Abu Hashim H, Amer SA, et al. Impact of obesity on reproductive outcomes after ovarian ablative therapy in PCOS: a collaborative meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012 Sep;25(3):227-41.Full text  Abstract

143. Hueb CK, Dias Júnior JA, Abrão MS, et al. Drilling: medical indications and surgical technique. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2015 Nov-Dec;61(6):530-5. Abstract

144. Yildiz BO. Oral contraceptives in polycystic ovary syndrome: risk-benefit assessment. Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Jan;26(1):111-20. Abstract

145. Kircher C, Smith KP. Acarbose for polycystic ovary syndrome. Ann Pharmacother. 2008 Jun;42(6):847-51. Abstract

146. Banaszewska B, Pawelczyk L, Spaczynski RZ, et al. Effects of simvastatin and oral contraceptive agent on polycystic ovary syndrome: prospective, randomized, crossover trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Feb;92(2):456-61.Full text  Abstract

147. Raval AD, Hunter T, Stuckey B, et al. Statins for women with polycystic ovary syndrome not actively trying to conceive. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Oct 5;(10):CD008565.Full text  Abstract

148. Yang S, Gu YY, Jing F, et al. The effect of statins on levels of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Monit. 2019 Jan 20;25:590-7.Full text  Abstract

149. Puurunen J, Piltonen T, Puukka K, et al. Statin therapy worsens insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):4798-807. Abstract

150. Goodarzi MO, Li X, Krauss RM, et al. Relationship of sex to diabetes risk in statin trials. Diabetes Care. 2013 Jul;36(7):e100-1.Full text  Abstract

151. Moran JL, Brinkworth GD, Norman RJ. Dietary therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome. Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Jan;26(1):85-92. Abstract

152. Tziomalos K, Krassas GE, Tzotzas T. The use of sibutramine in the management of obesity and related disorders: an update. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2009;5(1):441-52.Full text  Abstract

153. Skubleny D, Switzer NJ, Gill RS, et al. The impact of bariatric surgery on polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Surg. 2016 Jan;26(1):169-76. Abstract

154. Bayram N, van Wely M, van der Veen F. Pulsatile gonadotrophin releasing hormone for ovulation induction in subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;(3):CD000412.Full text  Abstract

155. Chian RC, Buckett WM, Abdul Jalil AK, et al. Natural-cycle in vitro fertilization combined with in vitro maturation of immature oocytes is a potential approach in infertility treatment. Fertil Steril. 2004 Dec;82(6):1675-8. Abstract

156. Siristatidis CS, Maheshwari A, Vaidakis D, et al. In vitro maturation in subfertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing assisted reproduction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 18;(11):CD006606.Full text  Abstract

157. Siristatidis C, Sergentanis TN, Vogiatzi P, et al. In vitro maturation in women with vs. without polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2015 Aug 4;10(8):e0134696.Full text  Abstract

158. Chen ZJ, Shi Y, Sun Y, et al. Fresh versus frozen embryos for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2016 Aug 11;375(6):523-33.Full text  Abstract

159. Zhang B, Wei D, Legro RS, et al. Obstetric complications after frozen versus fresh embryo transfer in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results from a randomized trial. Fertil Steril. 2018 Feb;109(2):324-9. Abstract

160. Lim CED, Ng RWC, Cheng NCL, et al. Acupuncture for polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jul 2;(7):CD007689.Full text  Abstract

161. Jo J, Lee YJ. Effectiveness of acupuncture in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilisation or intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acupunct Med. 2017 Jun;35(3):162-70. Abstract

162. Yun L, Liqun W, Shuqi Y, et al. Acupuncture for infertile women without undergoing assisted reproductive techniques (ART): a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Jul;98(29):e16463.Full text  Abstract

163. Wu XK, Stener-Victorin E, Kuang HY, et al. Effect of acupuncture and clomiphene in Chinese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2017 Jun 27;317(24):2502-14.Full text  Abstract

164. Li XJ, Yu YX, Liu CQ, et al. Metformin vs thiazolidinediones for treatment of clinical, hormonal and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2011 Mar;74(3):332-9. Abstract

165. Lamos EM, Malek R, Davis SN. GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome. Expert Rev Clin Pharmacol. 2017 Apr;10(4):401-8. Abstract

166. Jensterle M, Janez A, Fliers E, et al. The role of glucagon-like peptide-1 in reproduction: from physiology to therapeutic perspective. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Jul 1;25(4):504-17.Full text  Abstract

167. Salamun V, Jensterle M, Janez A, et al. Liraglutide increases IVF pregnancy rates in obese PCOS women with poor response to first-line reproductive treatments: a pilot randomized study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2018 Jul;179(1):1-11. Abstract

168. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG practice bulletin no. 194: polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun;131(6):e157-71. Abstract

169. Moran LJ, Pasquali R, Teede HJ, et al. Treatment of obesity in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Society. Fertil Steril. 2009 Dec;92(6):1966-82. Abstract

170. Wenger NK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Elkind MSV, et al. Call to action for cardiovascular disease in women: epidemiology, awareness, access, and delivery of equitable health care: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Jun 7;145(23):e1059-71.Full text  Abstract

171. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.Full text  Abstract

172. UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 34). Lancet. 1998 Sep 12;352(9131):854-65. Abstract

173. Pinola P, Piltonen TT, Puurunen J, et al. Androgen profile through life in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a Nordic multicenter collaboration study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015 Sep;100(9):3400-7.Full text  Abstract

174. Brown ZA, Louwers YV, Fong SL, et al. The phenotype of polycystic ovary syndrome ameliorates with aging. Fertil Steril. 2011 Nov;96(5):1259-65.Full text  Abstract

175. Boomsma CM, Eijkemans MJ, Hughes EG, et al. A meta-analysis of pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod Update. 2006 Nov-Dec;12(6):673-83.Full text  Abstract

176. Yu HF, Chen HS, Rao DP, et al. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of pregnancy complications: a PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016 Dec;95(51):e4863. Abstract

177. Wang T, Fu H, Chen L, et al. Pregnancy complications among women with polycystic ovary syndrome in China: a meta-analysis [in Chinese]. Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban. 2017 Nov 28;42(11):1300-10. Abstract

178. Bahri Khomami M, Joham AE, Boyle JA, et al. Increased maternal pregnancy complications in polycystic ovary syndrome appear to be independent of obesity-a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression. Obes Rev. 2019 May;20(5):659-74. Abstract

179. Khorshidi A, Azami M, Tardeh S, et al. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019 Jul - Aug;13(4):2747-53. Abstract

180. Lim SS, Kakoly NS, Tan JWJ, et al. Metabolic syndrome in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Obes Rev. 2019 Feb;20(2):339-52. Abstract

181. Cassar S, Misso ML, Hopkins WG, et al. Insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of euglycaemic-hyperinsulinaemic clamp studies. Hum Reprod. 2016 Nov;31(11):2619-31.Full text  Abstract

182. Behboudi-Gandevani S, Ramezani Tehrani F, Rostami Dovom M, et al. Insulin resistance in obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(5):343-53. Abstract

183. Ehrmann DA, Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, et al. Prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Diabetes Care. 1999 Jan;22(1):141-6. Abstract

184. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dodson WC, et al. Prevalence and predictors of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a prospective, controlled study in 254 affected women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999 Jan;84(1):165-9.Full text  Abstract

185. Zhu S, Zhang B, Jiang X, et al. Metabolic disturbances in non-obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2019 Jan;111(1):168-77.Full text  Abstract

186. Conn JJ, Jacobs HS, Conway GS. The prevalence of polycystic ovaries in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2000 Jan;52(1):81-6. Abstract

187. O'Kelly AC, Michos ED, Shufelt CL, et al. Pregnancy and reproductive risk factors for cardiovascular disease in women. Circ Res. 2022 Feb 18;130(4):652-72.Full text  Abstract

188. Amiri M, Ramezani Tehrani F, Behboudi-Gandevani S, et al. Risk of hypertension in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2020 Mar 17;18(1):23.Full text  Abstract

189. Elsenbruch S, Benson S, Hahn S, et al. Determinants of emotional distress in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2006 Apr;21(4):1092-9.Full text  Abstract

190. Ching HL, Burke V, Stuckey BG. Quality of life and psychological morbidity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: body mass index, age and the provision of patient information are significant modifiers. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Mar;66(3):373-9. Abstract

191. Kaczmarek C, Haller DM, Yaron M. Health-related quality of life in adolescents and young adults with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2016 Dec;29(6):551-7. Abstract

192. Wild RA. Long-term health consequences of PCOS. Hum Reprod Update. 2002 May-Jun;8(3):231-41.Full text  Abstract

193. Cooney LG, Lee I, Sammel MD, et al. High prevalence of moderate and severe depressive and anxiety symptoms in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2017 May 1;32(5):1075-91. Abstract

194. Lee I, Cooney LG, Saini S, et al. Increased odds of disordered eating in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eat Weight Disord. 2019 Oct;24(5):787-97.Full text  Abstract

195. Vgontzas AN, Legro RS, Bixler EO, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with obstructive sleep apnea and daytime sleepiness: role of insulin resistance. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Feb;86(2):517-20.Full text  Abstract

196. Fogel RB, Malhotra A, Pillar G, et al. Increased prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1175-80.Full text  Abstract

197. Tasali E, Van Cauter E, Ehrmann DA. Relationships between sleep disordered breathing and glucose metabolism in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jan;91(1):36-42.Full text  Abstract

198. Mak W, Dokras A. Polycystic ovarian syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease and thrombosis. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2009 Oct;35(7):613-20. Abstract

199. Boulman N, Levy Y, Leiba R, et al. Increased C-reactive protein levels in the polycystic ovary syndrome: a marker of cardiovascular disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 May;89(5):2160-5.Full text  Abstract

200. Christian RC, Dumesic DA, Behrenbeck T, et al. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2562-8.Full text  Abstract

201. Calderon-Margalit R, Siscovick D, Merkin SS, et al. Prospective association of polycystic ovary syndrome with coronary artery calcification and carotid-intima-media thickness: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Women's study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014 Dec;34(12):2688-94.Full text  Abstract

202. Christian RC, Dumesic DA, Behrenbeck T, et al. Prevalence and predictors of coronary artery calcification in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003 Jun;88(6):2562-8.Full text  Abstract

203. Meyer ML, Malek AM, Wild RA, et al. Carotid artery intima-media thickness in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 Mar-Apr;18(2):112-26.Full text  Abstract

204. Krentz AJ, von Mühlen D, Barrett-Connor E. Searching for polycystic ovary syndrome in postmenopausal women: evidence of a dose-effect association with prevalent cardiovascular disease. Menopause. 2007 Mar-Apr;14(2):284-92.Full text  Abstract

205. Iftikhar S, Collazo-Clavell ML, Roger VL, et al. Risk of cardiovascular events in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Neth J Med. 2012 Mar;70(2):74-80.Full text  Abstract

206. Elting MW, Korsen TJ, Bezemer PD, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and cardiac complaints in a follow-up study of a Dutch PCOS population. Hum Reprod. 2001 Mar;16(3):556-60.Full text  Abstract

207. Mani H, Levy MJ, Davies MJ, et al. Diabetes and cardiovascular events in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a 20-year retrospective cohort study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2013 Jun;78(6):926-34. Abstract

208. Zhao L, Zhu Z, Lou H, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD): a meta-analysis. Oncotarget. 2016 Jun 7;7(23):33715-21.Full text  Abstract

209. Zhou Y, Wang X, Jiang Y, et al. Association between polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of stroke and all-cause mortality: insights from a meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2017 Dec;33(12):904-10. Abstract

210. Ramezani Tehrani F, Amiri M, Behboudi-Gandevani S, et al. Cardiovascular events among reproductive and menopausal age women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2020 Jan;36(1):12-23. Abstract

211. Setji TL, Holland ND, Sanders LL, et al. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 May;91(5):1741-7.Full text  Abstract

212. Gambarin-Gelwan M, Kinkhabwala SV, Schiano TD, et al. Prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007 Apr;5(4):496-501. Abstract

213. Cerda C, Perez-Ayuso RM, Riquelme A, et al. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Hepatol. 2007 Sep;47(3):412-7. Abstract

214. Rocha ALL, Faria LC, Guimarães TCM, et al. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endocrinol Invest. 2017 Dec;40(12):1279-88. Abstract

215. Wu J, Yao XY, Shi RX, et al. A potential link between polycystic ovary syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an update meta-analysis. Reprod Health. 2018 May 10;15(1):77.Full text  Abstract

216. Targher G, Rossini M, Lonardo A. Evidence that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and polycystic ovary syndrome are associated by necessity rather than chance: a novel hepato-ovarian axis? Endocrine. 2016 Feb;51(2):211-21. Abstract

217. Adams LA, Lindor KD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Ann Epidemiol. 2007 Nov;17(11):863-9. Abstract

218. Hardiman P, Pillay OC, Atiomo W. Polycystic ovary syndrome and endometrial carcinoma. Lancet. 2003 May 24;361(9371):1810-2. Abstract

219. Chittenden BG, Fullerton G, Maheshwari A, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and the risk of gynaecological cancer: a systematic review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Sep;19(3):398-405. Abstract

220. Haoula Z, Salman M, Atiomo W. Evaluating the association between endometrial cancer and polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2012 May;27(5):1327-31.Full text  Abstract

221. Haqq L, McFarlane J, Dieberg G, et al. The effect of lifestyle intervention on body composition, glycemic control, and cardiorespiratory fitness in polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015 Dec;25(6):533-40. Abstract