Polycystic ovary syndrome

Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Aug 11;2:16057. Abstract

Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):2447-69.Full text  Abstract

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2. The Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-sponsored PCOS consensus workshop group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and long-term health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2004 Jan;81(1):19-25. Abstract

3. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. Positions statement: criteria for defining polycystic ovary syndrome as a predominantly hyperandrogenic syndrome: an Androgen Excess Society guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Nov;91(11):4237-45.Full text  Abstract

4. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril. 2009 Feb;91(2):456-88. Abstract

5. Norman RJ, Dewailly D, Legro RS, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet. 2007 Aug 25;370(9588):685-97. Abstract

6. Dewailly D, Catteau-Jonard S, Reyss AC, et al. Oligoanovulation with polycystic ovaries but not overt hyperandrogenism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Oct;91(10):3922-7.Full text  Abstract

7. Bozdag G, Mumusoglu S, Zengin D, et al. The prevalence and phenotypic features of polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2016 Dec;31(12):2841-55. Abstract

8. Chiaffarino F, Cipriani S, Dalmartello M, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in European countries and USA: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022 Dec;279:159-70. Abstract

9. Wu Q, Gao J, Bai D, et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovarian syndrome in Chinese women: a meta-analysis. Ann Palliat Med. 2021 Jan;10(1):74-87.Full text  Abstract

10. Wolf WM, Wattick RA, Kinkade ON, et al. Geographical prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome as determined by region and race/ethnicity. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2018 Nov 20;15(11):2589.Full text  Abstract

11. Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, et al. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2016 Jul;106(1):6-15.Full text  Abstract

12. Joham AE, Norman RJ, Stener-Victorin E, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2022 Sep;10(9):668-80. Abstract

13. Kazemi M, Kim JY, Wan C, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of disparities in cardiometabolic and reproductive risk between Hispanic and White women with polycystic ovary syndrome in the United States: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2022 Feb;226(2):187-204.e15. Abstract

14. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Androgen excess in women: experience with over 1000 consecutive patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;89(2):453-62.Full text  Abstract

15. Sam S, Sung YA, Legro RS. Evidence for pancreatic beta-cell dysfunction in brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism. 2008 Jan;57(1):84-9. Abstract

16. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Demers L, et al. Elevated dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels as the reproductive phenotype in the brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 May;87(5):2134-8.Full text  Abstract

17. Goodarzi MO. Looking for polycystic ovary syndrome genes: rational and best strategy. Semin Reprod Med. 2008 Jan;26(1):5-13. Abstract

18. Vink JM, Sadrzadeh S, Lambalk CB, et al. Heritability of polycystic ovary syndrome in a Dutch twin-family study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;91(6):2100-4.Full text  Abstract

19. Chen ZJ, Zhao H, He L, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies susceptibility loci for polycystic ovary syndrome on chromosome 2p16.3, 2p21 and 9q33.3. Nat Genet. 2011 Jan;43(1):55-9. Abstract

20. Goodarzi MO, Jones MR, Li X, et al. Replication of association of DENND1A and THADA variants with polycystic ovary syndrome in European cohorts. J Med Genet. 2012 Feb;49(2):90-5. Abstract

21. Eriksen MB, Brusgaard K, Andersen M, et al. Association of polycystic ovary syndrome susceptibility single nucleotide polymorphism rs2479106 and PCOS in Caucasian patients with PCOS or hirsutism as referral diagnosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2012 Jul;163(1):39-42. Abstract

22. Welt CK, Styrkarsdottir U, Ehrmann DA, et al. Variants in DENND1A are associated with polycystic ovary syndrome in women of European ancestry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012 Jul;97(7):E1342-7.Full text  Abstract

23. Bao S, Cai JH, Yang SY, et al. Association of DENND1A gene polymorphisms with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol. 2016 Jun 5;8(2):135-43.Full text  Abstract

24. Shi Y, Zhao H, Shi Y, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies eight new risk loci for polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Genet. 2012 Sep;44(9):1020-5. Abstract

25. Day F, Karaderi T, Jones MR, et al. Large-scale genome-wide meta-analysis of polycystic ovary syndrome suggests shared genetic architecture for different diagnosis criteria. PLoS Genet. 2018 Dec 19;14(12):e1007813.Full text  Abstract

26. Zhang Y, Ho K, Keaton JM, et al. A genome-wide association study of polycystic ovary syndrome identified from electronic health records. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Oct;223(4):559.e1-559.e21. Abstract

27. Tyrmi JS, Arffman RK, Pujol-Gualdo N, et al. Leveraging Northern European population history: novel low-frequency variants for polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2022 Jan 28;37(2):352-65.Full text  Abstract

28. Azziz R, Dumesic DA, Goodarzi MO. Polycystic ovary syndrome: an ancient disorder? Fertil Steril. 2011 Apr;95(5):1544-8.Full text  Abstract

29. Shah NA, Antoine HJ, Pall M, et al. Association of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism and polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 May;93(5):1939-45.Full text  Abstract

30. Hickey TE, Legro RS, Norman RJ. Epigenetic modification of the X chromosome influences susceptibility to polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jul;91(7):2789-91.Full text  Abstract

31. Azziz R, Carmina E, Chen Z, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Aug 11;2:16057. Abstract

32. Kahsar-Miller MD, Nixon C, Boots LR, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in first-degree relatives of patients with PCOS. Fertil Steril. 2001 Jan;75(1):53-8. Abstract

33. Legro RS, Driscoll D, Strauss JF III, et al. Evidence for a genetic basis for hyperandrogenemia in polycystic ovary syndrome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1998 Dec 8;95(25):14956-60.Full text  Abstract

34. Goodarzi MO, Azziz R. Diagnosis, epidemiology, and genetics of the polycystic ovary syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;20(2):193-205. Abstract

35. Ibáñez L, Dimartino-Nardi J, Potau N, et al. Premature adrenarche-normal variant or forerunner of adult disease? Endocr Rev. 2000 Dec;21(6):671-96.Full text  Abstract

36. Day FR, Hinds DA, Tung JY, et al. Causal mechanisms and balancing selection inferred from genetic associations with polycystic ovary syndrome. Nat Commun. 2015 Sep 29;6:8464.Full text  Abstract

37. Brower MA, Hai Y, Jones MR, et al. Bidirectional Mendelian randomization to explore the causal relationships between body mass index and polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2019 Jan 1;34(1):127-36. Abstract

38. Dobbie LJ, Pittam B, Zhao SS, et al. Childhood, adolescent, and adulthood adiposity are associated with risk of PCOS: a Mendelian randomization study with meta-analysis. Hum Reprod. 2023 Jun 1;38(6):1168-82.Full text  Abstract

39. Ibáñez L, Potau N, Francois I, et al. Precocious pubarche, hyperinsulinism, and ovarian hyperandrogenism in girls: relation to reduced fetal growth. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1998 Oct;83(10):3558-62.Full text  Abstract

40. Ibáñez L, Valls C, Potau N, et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome after precocious pubarche: ontogeny of the low-birthweight effect. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2001 Nov;55(5):667-72. Abstract

41. Melo AS, Vieira CS, Barbieri MA, et al. High prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women born small for gestational age. Hum Reprod. 2010 Aug;25(8):2124-31. Abstract

42. Valgeirsdottir H, Vanky E, Sundström-Poromaa I, et al. Prenatal exposures and birth indices, and subsequent risk of polycystic ovary syndrome: a national registry-based cohort study. BJOG. 2019 Jan;126(2):244-51. Abstract

43. Barnes RB, Rosenfield RL, Ehrmann DA, et al. Ovarian hyperandrogynism as a result of congenital adrenal virilizing disorders: evidence for perinatal masculinization of neuroendocrine function in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994 Nov;79(5):1328-33. Abstract

44. Kuijper EA, Vink JM, Lambalk CB, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women from opposite-sex twin pairs. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Jun;94(6):1987-90. Abstract

45. Anderson H, Fogel N, Grebe SK, et al. Infants of women with polycystic ovary syndrome have lower cord blood androstenedione and estradiol levels. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2180-6. Abstract

46. Barry JA, Kay AR, Navaratnarajah R, et al. Umbilical vein testosterone in female infants born to mothers with polycystic ovary syndrome is elevated to male levels. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2010;30(5):444-6. Abstract

47. Kandaraki E, Chatzigeorgiou A, Livadas S, et al. Endocrine disruptors and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): elevated serum levels of bisphenol A in women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Mar;96(3):E480-4. Abstract

48. Hu Y, Wen S, Yuan D, et al. The association between the environmental endocrine disruptor bisphenol A and polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2018 May;34(5):370-7. Abstract

49. Srnovršnik T, Virant-Klun I, Pinter B. Polycystic ovary syndrome and endocrine disruptors (bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan)-a systematic review. Life (Basel). 2023 Jan 4;13(1):138.Full text  Abstract

50. American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology. ACOG committee opinion number 789. Screening and management of the hyperandrogenic adolescent. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

51. Peña AS, Witchel SF, Hoeger KM, et al. Adolescent polycystic ovary syndrome according to the international evidence-based guideline. BMC Med. 2020 Mar 24;18(1):72.Full text  Abstract

52. Ibáñez L, Oberfield SE, Witchel S, et al. An International Consortium update: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome in adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr. 2017;88(6):371-95.Full text  Abstract

53. Teede HJ, Tay CT, Laven JJE, et al. Recommendations from the 2023 international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2023 Sep 18;108(10):2447-69.Full text  Abstract

54. Meczekalski B, Niwczyk O, Kostrzak A, et al. PCOS in adolescents-ongoing riddles in diagnosis and treatment. J Clin Med. 2023 Feb 3;12(3):1221.Full text  Abstract

55. Vassalou H, Sotiraki M, Michala L. PCOS diagnosis in adolescents: the timeline of a controversy in a systematic review. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Jun 26;32(6):549-59. Abstract

56. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, et al. Consensus on women's health aspects of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):28-38.e25. Abstract

57. Wild RA, Carmina E, Amanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2038-49.Full text  Abstract

58. Alsamarai S, Adams JM, Murphy MK, et al. Criteria for polycystic ovarian morphology in polycystic ovary syndrome as a function of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009 Dec;94(12):4961-70. Abstract

59. Anand S, Kumar A, Prasad A, et al. Updated meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of serum anti-Mullerian hormone in poly cystic ovary syndrome involving 13 509 subjects. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2022 Aug;48(8):2162-74.Full text  Abstract

60. Legro RS, Schlaff WD, Diamond MP, et al. Total testosterone assays in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: precision and correlation with hirsutism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Dec;95(12):5305-13.Full text  Abstract

61. Ayala C, Steinberger E, Smith KD, et al. Serum testosterone levels and reference ranges in reproductive-age women. Endocr Pract. 1999 Nov-Dec;5(6):322-9. Abstract

62. Bui HN, Sluss PM, Hayes FJ, et al. Testosterone, free testosterone, and free androgen index in women: Reference intervals, biological variation, and diagnostic value in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Chim Acta. 2015 Oct 23;450:227-32. Abstract

63. Woods KS, Reyna R, Azziz R. Effect of oral micronized progesterone on androgen levels in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril. 2002 Jun;77(6):1125-7. Abstract

64. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Practice Bulletins—Gynecology. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: polycystic ovary syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun;131(6):e157-71. Abstract

65. Kakoly NS, Khomami MB, Joham AE, et al. Ethnicity, obesity and the prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in PCOS: a systematic review and meta-regression. Hum Reprod Update. 2018 Jul 1;24(4):455-67.Full text  Abstract

66. Salley KE, Wickham EP, Cheang KI, et al. Glucose intolerance in polycystic ovary syndrome: a position statement of the Androgen Excess Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007 Dec;92(12):4546-56.Full text  Abstract

67. De Ugarte CM, Chen YDI, Azziz R. What's the best way to diagnose insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia? Contemp Ob Gyn. 2005 March;50:66-74.

68. Hanna F, Wu P, Heald A, et al. Diabetes detection in women with gestational diabetes and polycystic ovarian syndrome. BMJ. 2023 Jul 4;382:e071675.Full text  Abstract

69. Elting MW, Kwee J, Korsen TJ, et al. Aging women with polycystic ovary syndrome who achieve regular menstrual cycles have a smaller follicle cohort than those who continue to have irregular cycles. Fertil Steril. 2003 May;79(5):1154-60. Abstract

70. Kim JJ, Choi YM. Phenotype and genotype of polycystic ovary syndrome in Asia: Ethnic differences. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2019 Dec;45(12):2330-7. Abstract

71. Azziz R, Hincapie LA, Knochenhauer ES, et al. Screening for 21-hydroxylase-deficient nonclassic adrenal hyperplasia among hyperandrogenic women: a prospective study. Fertil Steril. 1999 Nov;72(5):915-25. Abstract

72. Wild RA, Applebaum-Bowden D, Demers LM, et al. Lipoprotein lipids in women with androgen excess: independent associations with increased insulin and androgen. Clin Chem. 1990 Feb;36(2):283-9. Abstract

73. Talbott E, Clerici A, Berga SL, et al. Adverse lipid and coronary heart disease risk profiles in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome: results of a case-control study. J Clin Epidemiol. 1998 May;51(5):415-22. Abstract

74. Legro RS, Kunselman AR, Dunaif A. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Am J Med. 2001 Dec 1;111(8):607-13. Abstract

75. Meldrum DR, Abraham GE. Peripheral and ovarian venous concentrations of various steroid hormones in virilizing ovarian tumors. Obstet Gynecol. 1979 Jan;53(1):36-43. Abstract

76. Derksen J, Nagesser SK, Meinders AE. Identification of virilizing adrenal tumors in hirsute women. N Engl J Med. 1994 Oct 13;331(15):968-73.Full text  Abstract

77. Draper N, Stewart PM. 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and the pre-receptor regulation of corticosteroid hormone action. J Endocrinol. 2005 Aug;186(2):251-71. Abstract

78. Butt MS, Saleem J, Zakar R, et al. Benefits of physical activity on reproductive health functions among polycystic ovarian syndrome women: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2023 May 12;23(1):882.Full text  Abstract

79. Abdolahian S, Tehrani FR, Amiri M, et al. Effect of lifestyle modifications on anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical parameters in adolescent girls with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Endocr Disord. 2020 May 19;20(1):71.Full text  Abstract

80. Kiddy DS, Hamilton-Fairley D, Bush A, et al. Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1992 Jan;36(1):105-11. Abstract

81. Harrison CL, Lombard CB, Moran LJ, et al. Exercise therapy in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2011 Mar-Apr;17(2):171-83.Full text  Abstract

82. Lim SS, Hutchison SK, Van Ryswyk E, et al. Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 28;(3):CD007506.Full text  Abstract

83. Oberg E, Gidlöf S, Jakson I, et al. Improved menstrual function in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome after behavioural modification intervention - a randomized controlled trial. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2019 Mar;90(3):468-78. Abstract

84. Yang ST, Liu CH, Ma SH, et al. Association between pre-pregnancy overweightness/obesity and pregnancy outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jul 26;19(15):9094.Full text  Abstract

85. Lie Fong S, Douma A, Verhaeghe J. Implementing the international evidence-based guideline of assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): how to achieve weight loss in overweight and obese women with PCOS? J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod. 2021 Jun;50(6):101894. Abstract

86. Wang R, Li W, Bordewijk EM, et al. First-line ovulation induction for polycystic ovary syndrome: an individual participant data meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2019 Nov 5;25(6):717-32.Full text  Abstract

87. Franik S, Le QK, Kremer JA, et al. Aromatase inhibitors (letrozole) for ovulation induction in infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 27;9(9):CD010287.Full text  Abstract

88. Liu Z, Geng Y, Huang Y, et al. Letrozole compared with clomiphene citrate for polycystic ovarian syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2023 Mar 1;141(3):523-34. Abstract

89. Smithson DS, Vause TDR, Cheung AP. No. 362-ovulation induction in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2018 Jul;40(7):978-87. Abstract

90. Casper RF, Mitwally MF. Review: aromatase inhibitors for ovulation induction. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Mar;91(3):760-71.Full text  Abstract

91. Legro RS, Brzyski RG, Diamond MP, et al. Letrozole versus clomiphene for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jul 10;371(2):119-29.Full text  Abstract

92. Misso ML, Wong JL, Teede HJ, et al. Aromatase inhibitors for PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hum Reprod Update. 2012 May-Jun;18(3):301-12. Abstract

93. Yu Q, Hu S, Wang Y, et al. Letrozole versus laparoscopic ovarian drilling in clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2019 Feb 6;17(1):17.Full text  Abstract

94. Abu Hashim H, Shokeir T, Badawy A. Letrozole versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Fertil Steril. 2010 Sep;94(4):1405-9. Abstract

95. Ehrmann DA, Cavaghan MK, Imperial J, et al. Effects of metformin on insulin secretion, insulin action, and ovarian steroidogenesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997 Feb;82(2):524-30.Full text  Abstract

96. Johnson NP, Bontekoe S, Stewart AW. Analysis of factors predicting success of metformin and clomiphene treatment for women with infertility owing to PCOS-related ovulation dysfunction in a randomised controlled trial. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2011 Jun;51(3):252-6. Abstract

97. Sharpe A, Morley LC, Tang T, et al. Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Dec 17;(12):CD013505.Full text  Abstract

98. Magzoub R, Kheirelseid EAH, Perks C, et al. Does metformin improve reproduction outcomes for non-obese, infertile women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2022 Apr;271:38-62. Abstract

99. Tan X, Li S, Chang Y, et al. Effect of metformin treatment during pregnancy on women with PCOS: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Invest Med. 2016 Sep 11;39(4):E120-31. Abstract

100. Tarry-Adkins JL, Ozanne SE, Aiken CE. Impact of metformin treatment during pregnancy on maternal outcomes: a systematic review/meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 29;11(1):9240.Full text  Abstract

101. Abolhassani N, Winterfeld U, Kaplan YC, et al. Major malformations risk following early pregnancy exposure to metformin: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2023 Jan;11(1):e002919.Full text  Abstract

102. Hanem LGE, Salvesen Ø, Juliusson PB, et al. Intrauterine metformin exposure and offspring cardiometabolic risk factors (PedMet study): a 5-10 year follow-up of the PregMet randomised controlled trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2019 Mar;3(3):166-74. Abstract

103. Brown J, Farquhar C. Clomiphene and other antioestrogens for ovulation induction in polycystic ovarian syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 15;(12):CD002249.Full text  Abstract

104. Legro RS, Barnhart HX, Schlaff WD, et al. Clomiphene, metformin, or both for infertility in the polycystic ovary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2007 Feb 8;356(6):551-66. Abstract

105. Ding N, Chang J, Jian Q, et al. Luteal phase clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016 Nov;32(11):866-71. Abstract

106. Lin W, Feng J, Zhou H, et al. Therapeutic efficacy of clomiphene citrate combined with metformin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022 Mar;47(3):321-9. Abstract

107. Moll E, Bossuyt PM, Korevaar JC, et al. Effect of clomifene citrate plus metformin and clomifene citrate plus placebo on induction of ovulation in women with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome: randomised double blind clinical trial. BMJ. 2006 Jun 24;332(7556):1485.Full text  Abstract

108. Cataldo NA, Barnhart HX, Legro RS, et al. Extended-release metformin does not reduce the clomiphene citrate dose required to induce ovulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2008 Aug;93(8):3124-7.Full text  Abstract

109. Moll E, Korevaar JC, Bossuyt PM, et al. Does adding metformin to clomifene citrate lead to higher pregnancy rates in a subset of women with polycystic ovary syndrome? Hum Reprod. 2008 Aug;23(8):1830-4.Full text  Abstract

110. Moll E, van der Veen F, van Wely M. The role of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2007 Nov-Dec;13(6):527-37.Full text  Abstract

111. Creanga AA, Bradley HM, McCormick C, et al. Use of metformin in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Apr;111(4):959-68. Abstract

112. Weiss NS, Kostova E, Nahuis M, et al. Gonadotrophins for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 16;1:CD010290.Full text  Abstract

113. Christin-Maitre S, Hugues JN. A comparative randomized multicentric study comparing the step-up versus step-down protocol in polycystic ovary syndrome. Hum Reprod. 2003 Aug;18(8):1626-31.Full text  Abstract

114. Koundouros SN. A comparison study of a novel stimulation protocol and the conventional low dose step-up and step-down regimens in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization. Fertil Steril. 2008 Sep;90(3):569-75. Abstract

115. Aboulghar M. Symposium: Update on prediction and management of OHSS. Prevention of OHSS. Reprod Biomed Online. 2009 Jul;19(1):33-42. Abstract

116. Notaro ALG, Neto FTL. The use of metformin in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: an updated review. J Assist Reprod Genet. 2022 Mar;39(3):573-9. Abstract

117. Bordewijk EM, Nahuis M, Costello MF, et al. Metformin during ovulation induction with gonadotrophins followed by timed intercourse or intrauterine insemination for subfertility associated with polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Jan 24;(1):CD009090.Full text  Abstract

118. Abu Hashim H. Twenty years of ovulation induction with metformin for PCOS; what is the best available evidence? Reprod Biomed Online. 2016 Jan;32(1):44-53. Abstract

119. Fernandez H, Morin-Surruca M, Torre A, et al. Ovarian drilling for surgical treatment of polycystic ovarian syndrome: a comprehensive review. Reprod Biomed Online. 2011 Jun;22(6):556-68. Abstract

120. Bordewijk EM, Ng KYB, Rakic L, et al. Laparoscopic ovarian drilling for ovulation induction in women with anovulatory polycystic ovary syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Feb 11;(2):CD001122.Full text  Abstract

121. Api M. Is ovarian reserve diminished after laparoscopic ovarian drilling? Gynecol Endocrinol. 2009 Mar;25(3):159-65. Abstract

122. Abu Hashim H, Foda O, El Rakhawy M. Unilateral or bilateral laparoscopic ovarian drilling in polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2018 Apr;297(4):859-70. Abstract

123. Baghdadi LR, Abu Hashim H, Amer SA, et al. Impact of obesity on reproductive outcomes after ovarian ablative therapy in PCOS: a collaborative meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012 Sep;25(3):227-41.Full text  Abstract

124. Hueb CK, Dias Júnior JA, Abrão MS, et al. Drilling: medical indications and surgical technique. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992). 2015 Nov-Dec;61(6):530-5. Abstract

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