Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)

References

Key articles

Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;13(9):752-61.Full text  Abstract

Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:301-6.Full text  Abstract

Alraddadi BM, Watson JT, Almarashi A, et al. Risk factors for primary Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus illness in humans, Saudi Arabia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:49-55.Full text  Abstract

World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance. Jan 2019 [internet publication].Full text

Cevik M, Tate M, Lloyd O, et al. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2021 Jan;2(1):e13-e22.Full text  Abstract

Arabi YM, Balkhy HH, Hayden FG, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 9;376(6):584-94.Full text  Abstract

Arabi YM, Asiri AY, Assiri AM, et al. Interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir for Middle East respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 22;383(17):1645-56.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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8. Assiri A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Rabeeah AA, et al. Epidemiological, demographic, and clinical characteristics of 47 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease from Saudi Arabia: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;13(9):752-61.Full text  Abstract

9. Al-Tawfiq JA, Hinedi K, Ghandour J, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a case-control study of hospitalized patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jul 15;59(2):160-5.Full text  Abstract

10. Saad M, Omrani AS, Baig K, et al. Clinical aspects and outcomes of 70 patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a single-center experience in Saudi Arabia. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;29:301-6.Full text  Abstract

11. Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Assiri A. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections in health care workers. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 29;369(9):884-6.Full text  Abstract

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13. Memish ZA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Assiri A, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus disease in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2014 Sep;33(9):904-6. Abstract

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20. Hui DS, Perlman S, Zumla A. Spread of MERS to South Korea and China. Lancet Respir Med. 2015 Jul;3(7):509-10. Abstract

21. Ha KM. A lesson learned from the MERS outbreak in South Korea in 2015. J Hosp Infect. 2016 Mar;92(3):232-4.Full text  Abstract

22. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). MERS in the US. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

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25. Omrani AS, Saad MM, Baig K, et al. Ribavirin and interferon alfa-2a for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:1090-5. Abstract

26. World Health Organization. MERS situation update. August 2018 [internet publication].Full text

27. Alenazi TH, Al Arbash H, El-Saed A, et al. Identified transmission dynamics of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection during an outbreak: implications of an overcrowded emergency department. Clin Infect Dis. 2017 Aug 15;65(4):675-9.Full text  Abstract

28. Memish ZA, Zumla AI, Al-Hakeem RF, et al. Family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections. N Engl J Med. 2013 Jun 27;368(26):2487-94.Full text  Abstract

29. Omrani AS, Matin MA, Haddad Q, et al. A family cluster of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infections related to a likely unrecognized asymptomatic or mild case. Int J Infect Dis. 2013 Sep;17(9):e668-72.Full text  Abstract

30. Memish ZA, Cotten M, Watson SJ, et al. Community case clusters of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hafr Al-Batin, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: a descriptive genomic study. Int J Infect Dis. 2014 Jun;23:63-8.Full text  Abstract

31. Al-Abdallat MM, Payne DC, Alqasrawi S, et al. Hospital-associated outbreak of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a serologic, epidemiologic, and clinical description. Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Nov 1;59(9):1225-33.Full text  Abstract

32. Shehata MM, Gomaa MR, Ali MA, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: a comprehensive review. Front Med. 2016;10:120-36. Abstract

33. van Boheemen S, de Graaf M, Lauber C, et al. Genomic characterization of a newly discovered coronavirus associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome in humans. MBio. 2012;3:e00473-12.Full text  Abstract

34. Cotten M, Watson SJ, Zumla AI, et al. Spread, circulation, and evolution of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. MBio. 2014;5:e01062-13.Full text  Abstract

35. Omrani AS, Shalhoub S. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): what lessons can we learn? J Hosp Infect. 2015 Nov;91(3):188-96.Full text  Abstract

36. Omrani AS, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): animal to human interaction. Pathog Glob Health. 2015;109(8):354-62.Full text  Abstract

37. Alagaili AN, Briese T, Mishra N, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. MBio. 2014;5:e00884-14.Full text  Abstract

38. Yusof MF, Eltahir YM, Serhan WS, et al. Prevalence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in dromedary camels in Abu Dhabi Emirate, United Arab Emirates. Virus Genes. 2015 Jun;50(3):509-13.Full text  Abstract

39. Farag EA, Reusken CB, Haagmans BL, et al. High proportion of MERS-CoV shedding dromedaries at slaughterhouse with a potential epidemiological link to human cases, Qatar 2014. Infect Ecol Epidemiol. 2015;5:28305.Full text  Abstract

40. Briese T, Mishra N, Jain K, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus quasispecies that include homologues of human isolates revealed through whole-genome analysis and virus cultured from dromedary camels in Saudi Arabia. MBio. 2014;5:e01146-14.Full text  Abstract

41. Adney DR, van Doremalen N, Brown VR, et al. Replication and shedding of MERS-CoV in upper respiratory tract of inoculated dromedary camels. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1999-2005.Full text  Abstract

42. Anthony SJ, Gilardi K, Menachery VD, et al. Further evidence for bats as the evolutionary source of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. MBio. 2017;8:e00373-17.Full text  Abstract

43. Haagmans BL, Al Dhahiry SH, Reusken CB, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in dromedary camels: an outbreak investigation. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014 Feb;14(2):140-5.Full text  Abstract

44. Al Hammadi ZM, Chu DK, Eltahir YM, et al. Asymptomatic MERS-CoV infection in humans possibly linked to infected dromedaries imported from Oman to United Arab Emirates, May 2015. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015 Dec;21(12):2197-200.Full text  Abstract

45. Memish ZA, Cotten M, Meyer B, et al. Human infection with MERS coronavirus after exposure to infected camels, Saudi Arabia, 2013. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:1012-1015.Full text  Abstract

46. Azhar EI, El-Kafrawy SA, Farraj SA, et al. Evidence for camel-to-human transmission of MERS coronavirus. N Engl J Med. 2014;370:2499-2505.Full text  Abstract

47. Hemida MG, Al-Naeem A, Perera RA, et al. Lack of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus transmission from infected camels. Emerg Infect Dis. 2015;21:699-701.Full text  Abstract

48. Alraddadi BM, Watson JT, Almarashi A, et al. Risk factors for primary Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus illness in humans, Saudi Arabia, 2014. Emerg Infect Dis. 2016;22:49-55.Full text  Abstract

49. Kim SH, Chang SY, Sung M, et al. Extensive viable Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus contamination in air and surrounding environment in MERS isolation wards. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;63:363-369.Full text  Abstract

50. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). MERS clinical features. Aug 2020 [internet publication].Full text

51. Park HY, Lee EJ, Ryu YW, et al. Epidemiological investigation of MERS-CoV spread in a single hospital in South Korea, May to June 2015. Euro Surveill. 2015;20:21169.Full text  Abstract

52. van Doremalen N, Bushmaker T, Munster VJ. Stability of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) under different environmental conditions. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20590.Full text  Abstract

53. Bin SY, Heo JY, Song MS, et al. Environmental contamination and viral shedding in MERS patients during MERS-CoV outbreak in South Korea. Clin Infect Dis. 2016;62:755-760. Abstract

54. Cauchemez S, Van Kerkhove MD, Riley S, et al. Transmission scenarios for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and how to tell them apart. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20503.Full text  Abstract

55. Cauchemez S, Fraser C, Van Kerkhove MD, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: quantification of the extent of the epidemic, surveillance biases, and transmissibility. Lancet Infect Dis. 2014;14:50-56.Full text  Abstract

56. Breban R, Riou J, Fontanet A. Interhuman transmissibility of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: estimation of pandemic risk. Lancet. 2013;382:694-699. Abstract

57. Zumla A, Hui DS. Infection control and MERS-CoV in health-care workers. Lancet. 2014;383:1869-1871. Abstract

58. Raj VS, Mou H, Smits SL, et al. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 is a functional receptor for the emerging human coronavirus-EMC. Nature. 2013;495:251-254. Abstract

59. Belouzard S, Millet JK, Licitra BN, et al. Mechanisms of coronavirus cell entry mediated by the viral spike protein. Viruses. 2012;4:1011-1033.Full text  Abstract

60. Xia S, Liu Q, Wang Q, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) entry inhibitors targeting spike protein. Virus Res. 2014;194:200-210. Abstract

61. Bosch BJ, Raj VS, Haagmans BL. Spiking the MERS-coronavirus receptor. Cell Res. 2013;23:1069-1070.Full text  Abstract

62. Zumla A, Hui DS, Perlman S. Middle East respiratory syndrome. Lancet. 2015;386:995-1007.Full text  Abstract

63. Reuss A, Litterst A, Drosten C, et al. Contact investigation for imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:620-625.Full text  Abstract

64. Bialek SR, Allen D, Alvarado-Ramy F, et al. First confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection in the United States, updated information on the epidemiology of MERS-CoV infection, and guidance for the public, clinicians, and public health authorities - May 2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2014;63:431-6.Full text  Abstract

65. Beigel JH, Voell J, Kumar P, et al. Safety and tolerability of a novel, polyclonal human anti-MERS coronavirus antibody produced from transchromosomic cattle: a phase 1 randomised, double-blind, single-dose-escalation study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018 Apr;18(4):410-418. Abstract

66. World Health Organization. WHO target product profiles for MERS-CoV vaccines. May 2017 [internet publication].Full text

67. World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (‎MERS-CoV)‎ infection. Interim guidance. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text

68. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Preventing MERS-CoV from spreading to others in homes and communities. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim infection prevention and control recommendations for hospitalized patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

70. Hotez PJ, Bottazzi ME, Tseng C-T, et al. Calling for rapid development of a safe and effective MERS vaccine. Microbes Infect. 2014;16:529-531. Abstract

71. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Implementing home care and isolation or quarantine of people not requiring hospitalization for MERS-CoV. September 2017 [internet publication].Full text

72. Arabi YM, Arifi AA, Balkhy HH, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:389-397.Full text  Abstract

73. Shalhoub S, Al-Zahrani A, Simhairi R, et al. Successful recovery of MERS CoV pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report. J Clin Virol. 2015;62:69-71. Abstract

74. Ministry of Health (Saudi Arabia). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus; guidelines for healthcare professionals, version 5.1. May 2018 [internet publication].Full text

75. World Health Organization (WHO). Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: case definition for reporting to WHO. July 2017 [internet publication].Full text

76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim patient under investigation (PUI) guidance and case definitions. September 2017 [internet publication].Full text

77. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection is suspected. Interim guidance. Jan 2019 [internet publication].Full text

78. Memish ZA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Makhdoom HQ, et al. Respiratory tract samples, viral load, and genome fraction yield in patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1590-1594.Full text  Abstract

79. Cevik M, Tate M, Lloyd O, et al. SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV, and MERS-CoV viral load dynamics, duration of viral shedding, and infectiousness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Microbe. 2021 Jan;2(1):e13-e22.Full text  Abstract

80. World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Interim guidance (revised). January 2018 [internet publication].Full text

81. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC laboratory testing for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

82. Corman VM, Muller MA, Costabel U, et al. Assays for laboratory confirmation of novel human coronavirus (hCoV-EMC) infections. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:20334.Full text  Abstract

83. Ajlan AM, Ahyad RA, Jamjoom LG, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection: chest CT findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;203:782-787.Full text  Abstract

84. Reuss A, Litterst A, Drosten C, et al. Contact investigation for imported case of Middle East respiratory syndrome, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:620-625.Full text  Abstract

85. Shalhoub S, Al-Zahrani A, Simhairi R, et al. Successful recovery of MERS CoV pneumonia in a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a case report. J Clin Virol. 2015;62:69-71. Abstract

86. Corman VM, Eckerle I, Bleicker T, et al. Detection of a novel human coronavirus by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. Euro Surveill. 2012;17:20285.Full text  Abstract

87. Hui DS, Memish ZA, Zumla A. Severe acute respiratory syndrome vs. the Middle East respiratory syndrome. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2014;20:233-241. Abstract

88. Christian MD, Poutanen SM, Loutfy MR, et al. Severe acute respiratory syndrome. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:1420-1427.Full text  Abstract

89. Memish ZA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Makhdoom HQ, et al. Screening for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection in hospital patients and their healthcare worker and family contacts: a prospective descriptive study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:469-474.Full text  Abstract

90. Drosten C, Meyer B, Muller MA, et al. Transmission of MERS-coronavirus in household contacts. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:828-835.Full text  Abstract

91. Raoult D, Charrel R, Gautret P, et al. From the Hajj: it's the flu, idiot. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:O1. Abstract

92. Memish ZA, Assiri A, Almasri M, et al. Prevalence of MERS-CoV nasal carriage and compliance with the Saudi health recommendations among pilgrims attending the 2013 Hajj. J Infect Dis. 2014;210:1067-1072.Full text  Abstract

93. Gautret P, Charrel R, Benkouiten S, et al. Lack of MERS coronavirus but prevalence of influenza virus in French pilgrims after 2013 Hajj. Emerg Infect Dis. 2014;20:728-730.Full text  Abstract

94. Gautret P, Charrel R, Belhouchat K, et al. Lack of nasal carriage of novel corona virus (HCoV-EMC) in French Hajj pilgrims returning from the Hajj 2012, despite a high rate of respiratory symptoms. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:E315-E317.Full text  Abstract

95. Benkouiten S, Charrel R, Belhouchat K, et al. Circulation of respiratory viruses among pilgrims during the 2012 Hajj pilgrimage. Clin Infect Dis. 2013;57:992-1000.Full text  Abstract

96. Annan A, Owusu M, Marfo KS, et al. High prevalence of common respiratory viruses and no evidence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in Hajj pilgrims returning to Ghana, 2013. Trop Med Int Health. 2015;20:807-812. Abstract

97. World Health Organization. Management of asymptomatic persons who are RT-PCR positive for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Interim guidance. January 2018 [internet publication].Full text

98. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book: health information for international travel. Travel-associated infections & diseases - Middle East respiratory syndrome/MERS. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text

99. World Health Organization. Infection prevention and control during health care for probable or confirmed cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection. Interim guidance. June 2015 [internet publication].Full text

100. Al-Hameed F, Wahla AS, Siddiqui S, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Intensive Care Med. 2016;31:344-348. Abstract

101. Alshahrani MS, Sindi A, Alshamsi F, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Ann Intensive Care. 2018 Jan 10;8(1):3.Full text  Abstract

102. Arabi YM, Mandourah Y, Al-Hameed F, et al. Corticosteroid therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018 Mar 15;197(6):757-767. Abstract

103. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Preventing MERS-CoV from spreading to others in homes and communities. Aug 2019 [internet publication].Full text

104. World Health Organization. Home care for patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infection presenting with mild symptoms and management of contacts. Interim guidance. June 2018 [internet publication].Full text

105. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Implementing home care and isolation or quarantine of people not requiring hospitalization for MERS-CoV. March 2020 [internet publication].Full text

106. Arabi YM, Balkhy HH, Hayden FG, et al. Middle East respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2017 Feb 9;376(6):584-94.Full text  Abstract

107. Arabi YM, Shalhoub S, Mandourah Y, et al. Ribavirin and interferon therapy for critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome: a multicenter observational study. Clin Infect Dis. 2020 Apr 15;70(9):1837-44.Full text  Abstract

108. Arabi YM, Asiri AY, Assiri AM, et al. Interferon beta-1b and lopinavir-ritonavir for Middle East respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2020 Oct 22;383(17):1645-56.Full text  Abstract

109. Arabi YM, Deeb AM, Al-Hameed F, et al. Macrolides in critically ill patients with Middle East respiratory syndrome. Int J Infect Dis. 2019 Apr;81:184-90.Full text  Abstract

110. Chan JF, Chan KH, Kao RY, et al. Broad-spectrum antivirals for the emerging Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Infect. 2013;67:606-616. Abstract

111. Falzarano D, de Wit E, Martellaro C, et al. Inhibition of novel beta coronavirus replication by a combination of interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin. Sci Rep. 2013;3:1686.Full text  Abstract

112. Falzarano D, de Wit E, Rasmussen AL, et al. Treatment with interferon-alpha2b and ribavirin improves outcome in MERS-CoV-infected rhesus macaques. Nat Med. 2013;19:1313-1317.Full text  Abstract

113. Al-Tawfiq JA, Momattin H, Dib J, et al. Ribavirin and interferon therapy in patients infected with the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus: an observational study. Int J Infect Dis. 2014;20:42-46.Full text  Abstract

114. Khalid M, Al Rabiah F, Khan B, et al. Ribavirin and interferon (IFN)-alpha-2b as primary and preventive treatment for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV): a preliminary report of two cases. Antivir Ther. 2015;20:87-91. Abstract

115. Al-Ghamdi M, Mushtaq F, Awn N, et al. MERS CoV infection in two renal transplant recipients: case report. Am J Transplant. 2015;15:1101-1104. Abstract

116. Li HS, Kuok DIT, Cheung MC, et al. Effect of interferon alpha and cyclosporine treatment separately and in combination on Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) replication in a human in-vitro and ex-vivo culture model. Antiviral Res. 2018 Jul;155:89-96.Full text  Abstract

117. Hart BJ, Dyall J, Postnikova E, et al. Interferon-beta and mycophenolic acid are potent inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in cell-based assays. J Gen Virol. 2014;95:571-577.Full text  Abstract

118. Chu CM, Cheng VC, Hung IF, et al. Role of lopinavir/ritonavir in the treatment of SARS: initial virological and clinical findings. Thorax. 2004;59:252-256.Full text  Abstract

119. Chan JF, Yao Y, Yeung ML, et al. Treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir or interferon-beta1b improves outcome of MERS-CoV infection in a nonhuman primate model of common marmoset. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:1904-1913. Abstract

120. Spanakis N, Tsiodras S, Haagmans BL, et al. Virological and serological analysis of a recent Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus infection case on a triple combination antiviral regimen. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2014;44:528-532. Abstract

121. de Wilde AH, Raj VS, Oudshoorn D, et al. MERS-coronavirus replication induces severe in vitro cytopathology and is strongly inhibited by cyclosporin A or interferon-alpha treatment. J Gen Virol. 2013;94:1749-1760.Full text  Abstract

122. Pan Q, de Ruiter PE, Metselaar HJ, et al. Mycophenolic acid augments interferon-stimulated gene expression and inhibits hepatitis C Virus infection in vitro and in vivo. Hepatology. 2012;55:1673-1683. Abstract

123. Cheng KW, Cheng SC, Chen WY, et al. Thiopurine analogs and mycophenolic acid synergistically inhibit the papain-like protease of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Antiviral Res. 2015;115:9-16. Abstract

124. Mailles A, Blanckaert K, Chaud P, et al. First cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) infections in France, investigations and implications for the prevention of human-to-human transmission, France, May 2013. Euro Surveill. 2013;18:20502.Full text  Abstract

125. Mou H, Raj VS, van Kuppeveld FJ, et al. The receptor binding domain of the new Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus maps to a 231-residue region in the spike protein that efficiently elicits neutralizing antibodies. J Virol. 2013;87:9379-9383.Full text  Abstract

126. Du L, Zhao G, Yang Y, et al. A conformation-dependent neutralizing monoclonal antibody specifically targeting receptor-binding domain in Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus spike protein. J Virol. 2014;88:7045-7053.Full text  Abstract

127. Du L, Kou Z, Ma C, et al. A truncated receptor-binding domain of MERS-CoV spike protein potently inhibits MERS-CoV infection and induces strong neutralizing antibody responses: implication for developing therapeutics and vaccines. PLoS One. 2013;8:e81587.Full text  Abstract

128. Widjaja I, Wang C, van Haperen R, et al. Towards a solution to MERS: protective human monoclonal antibodies targeting different domains and functions of the MERS-coronavirus spike glycoprotein. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):516-30.Full text  Abstract

129. Ying T, Du L, Ju TW, et al. Exceptionally potent neutralization of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus by human monoclonal antibodies. J Virol. 2014;88:7796-7805.Full text  Abstract

130. Tang XC, Agnihothram SS, Jiao Y, et al. Identification of human neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and their role in virus adaptive evolution. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111:E2018-E2026.Full text  Abstract

131. Jiang L, Wang N, Zuo T, et al. Potent neutralization of MERS-CoV by human neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to the viral spike glycoprotein. Sci Transl Med. 2014;6:234ra59. Abstract

132. Lu L, Liu Q, Zhu Y, et al. Structure-based discovery of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor. Nat Commun. 2014;5:3067.Full text  Abstract

133. Channappanavar R, Lu L, Xia S, et al. Protective effect of intranasal regimens containing peptidic Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus fusion inhibitor against MERS-CoV infection. J Infect Dis. 2015;212:1894-1903. Abstract

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