References
Key articles
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya in the US. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya virus: diagnostic testing. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text
Brito CAA, Marques CDL, Falcão MB, et al. Update on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: a guideline. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020;53:e20190517.Full text Abstract
Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, et al. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet. 2012 Feb 18;379(9816):662-71. Abstract
World Health Organization; Pan American Health Organization. Tool for the diagnosis and care of patients with suspected arboviral diseases. 2017 [internet publication].Full text
World Health Organization. Guidelines on clinical management of chikungunya fever. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
1. Uniprot. Structural polyprotein: chikungunya virus (strain S27-African prototype) (CHIKV). Sep 2015 [internet publication].Full text
2. Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Sherman MB, et al. Chikungunya virus: evolution and genetic determinants of emergence. Curr Opin Virol. 2011 Oct;1(4):310-7.Full text Abstract
3. Tsetsarkin KA, Chen R, Leal G, et al. Chikungunya virus emergence is constrained in Asia by lineage-specific adaptive landscapes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011 May 10;108(19):7872-7.Full text Abstract
4. Aletaha D, Neogi T, Silman AJ, et al. 2010 Rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria: an American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism collaborative initiative. Arthritis Rheum. 2010 Sep;62(9):2569-81.Full text Abstract
5. Marimoutou C, Ferraro J, Javelle E, et al. Chikungunya infection: self-reported rheumatic morbidity and impaired quality of life persist six years later. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015 Jul;21(7):688-93.Full text Abstract
6. Robinson MC. An epidemic of virus disease in Southern Province, Tanganyika Territory, in 1952-53. I. Clinical features. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 1955 Jan;49(1):28-32. Abstract
7. Pialoux G, Gaüzère BA, Jauréguiberry S, et al. Chikungunya, an epidemic arbovirosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2007 May;7(5):319-27. Abstract
8. Staples JE, Fischer M. Chikungunya virus in the Americas: what a vectorborne pathogen can do. N Engl J Med. 2014 Sep 4;371(10):887-9.Full text Abstract
9. Burt FJ, Chen W, Miner JJ, et al. Chikungunya virus: an update on the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017 Apr;17(4):e107-17. Abstract
10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya in the US. Oct 2023 [internet publication].Full text
11. Kuehn BM. After Chikungunya virus transmission detected in United States, health authorities brace for wider spread. Jul 2014 [internet publication].Full text
12. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Chikungunya virus disease. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text
13. UK Health Security Agency. Travel-associated infections in England, Wales and Northern Ireland: 2020 and 2021. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text
14. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: chikungunya – Mombasa, Kenya. Feb 2018 [internet publication].Full text
15. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news: chikungunya – Sudan. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text
16. World Health Organization. Disease outbreak news. Chikungunya - Congo. May 2019 [internet publication].Full text
17. Wimalasiri-Yapa BMCR, Stassen L, Huang X, et al. Chikungunya virus in Asia - Pacific: a systematic review. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2019;8(1):70-9.Full text Abstract
18. World Health Organization. Geographical expansion of cases of dengue and chikungunya beyond the historical areas of transmission in the Region of the Americas. Mar 2023 [internet publication].Full text
19. Torales M, Beeson A, Grau L, et al. Notes from the field: Chikungunya outbreak — Paraguay, 2022–2023. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2023;72:636-8.Full text
20. Fischer D, Thomas SM, Suk JE, et al. Climate change effects on Chikungunya transmission in Europe: geospatial analysis of vector's climatic suitability and virus' temperature requirements. Int J Health Geogr. 2013 Nov 12;12:51.Full text Abstract
21. Powers AM, Brault AC, Tesh RB, et al. Re-emergence of Chikungunya and O'nyong-nyong viruses: evidence for distinct geographical lineages and distant evolutionary relationships. J Gen Virol. 2000 Feb;81(Pt 2):471-9. Abstract
22. Higgs S, Vanlandingham D. Chikungunya virus and its mosquito vectors. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2015 Apr;15(4):231-40. Abstract
23. Tsetsarkin KA, Vanlandingham DL, McGee CE, et al. A single mutation in chikungunya virus affects vector specificity and epidemic potential. PLoS Pathog. 2007 Dec;3(12):e201.Full text Abstract
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya: information for vector control programs. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Full text
25. Petersen LR, Epstein JS. Chikungunya virus: new risk to transfusion safety in the Americas. Transfusion. 2014 Aug;54(8):1911-5. Abstract
26. Cordel H, Quatresous I, Paquet C, et al. Imported cases of chikungunya in metropolitan France, April 2005 - February 2006. Euro Surveill. 2006 Apr 20;11(4):E060420.3. Abstract
27. Schwartz O, Albert ML. Biology and pathogenesis of chikungunya virus. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2010 Jul;8(7):491-500. Abstract
28. Webb E, Michelen M, Rigby I, et al. An evaluation of global Chikungunya clinical management guidelines: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine. 2022 Dec;54:101672.Full text Abstract
29. Her Z, Malleret B, Chan M, et al. Active infection of human blood monocytes by Chikungunya virus triggers an innate immune response. J Immunol. 2010 May 15;184(10):5903-13.Full text Abstract
30. Mowatt L, Jackson ST. Chikungunya in the Caribbean: an epidemic in the making. Infect Dis Ther. 2014 Dec;3(2):63-8.Full text Abstract
31. Larrieu S, Pouderoux N, Pistone T, et al. Factors associated with persistence of arthralgia among Chikungunya virus-infected travellers: report of 42 French cases. J Clin Virol. 2010 Jan;47(1):85-8. Abstract
32. Nakkhara P, Chongsuvivatwong V, Thammapalo S. Risk factors for symptomatic and asymptomatic chikungunya infection. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg. 2013 Dec;107(12):789-96.Full text Abstract
33. Li Y, Kamara F, Zhou G, et al. Urbanization increases Aedes albopictus larval habitats and accelerates mosquito development and survivorship. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2014 Nov 13;8(11):e3301.Full text Abstract
34. Gérardin P, Barau G, Michault A, et al. Multidisciplinary prospective study of mother-to-child chikungunya virus infections on the island of La Réunion. PLoS Med. 2008 Mar 18;5(3):e60.Full text Abstract
35. Thiboutot MM, Kannan S, Kawalekar OU, et al. Chikungunya: a potentially emerging epidemic? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2010 Apr 27;4(4):e623.Full text Abstract
36. Sissoko D, Moendandze A, Malvy D, et al. Seroprevalence and risk factors of chikungunya virus infection in Mayotte, Indian Ocean, 2005-2006: a population-based survey. PLoS One. 2008 Aug 26;3(8):e3066.Full text Abstract
37. Lokireddy S, Sarojamma V, Ramakrishna V. Genetic predisposition to chikungunya - a blood group study in chikungunya affected families. Virol J. 2009 Jun 16;6:77.Full text Abstract
38. Yaseen HM, Simon F, Deparis X, et al. Identification of initial severity determinants to predict arthritis after chikungunya infection in a cohort of French gendarmes. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2014 Jul 24;15:249.Full text Abstract
39. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya virus - prevention. Aug 2018 [internet publication].Full text
40. California Department of Public Health. Guidance for surveillance of and responses to invasive aedes mosquitoes, and dengue, chikungunya and zika in California. Jan 2024 [internet publication].Full text
41. US Food and Druug Administration. FDA approves first vaccine to prevent disease caused by chikungunya virus. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text
42. Schneider M, Narciso-Abraham M, Hadl S, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a single-shot live-attenuated chikungunya vaccine: a double-blind, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023 Jun 24;401(10394):2138-47.Full text Abstract
43. Cherian N, Bettis A, Deol A, et al. Strategic considerations on developing a CHIKV vaccine and ensuring equitable access for countries in need. NPJ Vaccines. 2023 Aug 18;8(1):123.Full text Abstract
44. Reisinger EC, Tschismarov R, Beubler E, et al. Immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of the measles-vectored chikungunya virus vaccine MV-CHIK: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled and active-controlled phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2018 Dec 22;392(10165):2718-27. Abstract
45. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Chikungunya virus: diagnostic testing. Jan 2023 [internet publication].Full text
46. Brito CAA, Marques CDL, Falcão MB, et al. Update on the treatment of musculoskeletal manifestations in chikungunya fever: a guideline. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2020;53:e20190517.Full text Abstract
47. Simon F, Javelle E, Oliver M, et al. Chikungunya virus infection. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2011 Jun;13(3):218-28.Full text Abstract
48. Burt FJ, Rolph MS, Rulli NE, et al. Chikungunya: a re-emerging virus. Lancet. 2012 Feb 18;379(9816):662-71. Abstract
49. Malvy D, Ezzedine K, Mamani-Matsuda M, et al. Destructive arthritis in a patient with chikungunya virus infection with persistent specific IgM antibodies. BMC Infect Dis. 2009 Dec 10;9:200.Full text Abstract
50. Chopra A, Anuradha V, Lagoo-Joshi V, et al. Chikungunya virus aches and pains: an emerging challenge. Arthritis Rheum. 2008 Sep;58(9):2921-2.Full text Abstract
51. Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Cardona-Ospina JA, Villamil-Gómez W, et al. How many patients with post-chikungunya chronic inflammatory rheumatism can we expect in the new endemic areas of Latin America? Rheumatol Int. 2015 Dec;35(12):2091-4. Abstract
52. Niedrig M, Zeller H, Schuffenecker I, et al. International diagnostic accuracy study for the serological detection of chikungunya virus infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009 Sep;15(9):880-4.Full text Abstract
53. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. New CDC laboratory test for Zika virus authorized for emergency use by FDA. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text
54. Dash M, Mohanty I, Padhi S. Laboratory diagnosis of chikungunya virus: do we really need it? Indian J Med Sci. 2011 Mar;65(3):83-91. Abstract
55. Blacksell SD, Tanganuchitcharnchai A, Jarman RG, et al. Poor diagnostic accuracy of commercial antibody-based assays for the diagnosis of acute Chikungunya infection. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2011 Oct;18(10):1773-5.Full text Abstract
56. Tandale BV, Sathe PS, Arankalle VA, et al. Systemic involvements and fatalities during Chikungunya epidemic in India, 2006. J Clin Virol. 2009 Oct;46(2):145-9. Abstract
57. Ganesan K, Diwan A, Shankar SK, et al. Chikungunya encephalomyeloradiculitis: report of 2 cases with neuroimaging and 1 case with autopsy findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2008 Oct;29(9):1636-7.Full text Abstract
58. Bouquillard E, Combe B. A report of 21 cases of rheumatoid arthritis following Chikungunya fever. A mean follow-up of two years. Joint Bone Spine. 2009 Dec;76(6):654-7. Abstract
59. Chaaithanya IK, Muruganandam N, Raghuraj U, et al. Chronic inflammatory arthritis with persisting bony erosions in patients following chikungunya infection. Indian J Med Res. 2014 Jul;140(1):142-5.Full text Abstract
60. World Health Organization; Pan American Health Organization. Tool for the diagnosis and care of patients with suspected arboviral diseases. 2017 [internet publication].Full text
61. World Health Organization. Guidelines on clinical management of chikungunya fever. Dec 2019 [internet publication].Full text
62. Arroyo-Ávila M, Cabán A, García-Rivera EJ, et al. Clinical manifestations associated with peripheral joint involvement in patients with acute chikungunya virus infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2017 Apr;96(4):916-21.Full text Abstract
63. Pan American Health Organization. Guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of dengue, chikungunya, and zika. Washington, D.C.: Pan American Health Organization; 2022.Full text
64. Murthy J. Chikungunya virus: the neurology. Neurol India. 2009 Mar-Apr;57(2):113-5.Full text Abstract
65. Mahendradas P, Avadhani K, Shetty R. Chikungunya and the eye: a review. J Ophthalmic Inflamm Infect. 2013 Feb 11;3(1):35. Abstract
66. Sarkar JK, Chatterjee SN, Chakravarti SK, et al. Chikungunya virus infection with haemorrhagic manifestations. Indian J Med Res. 1965 Oct;53(10):921-5. Abstract
67. Laoprasopwattana K, Kaewjungwad L, Jarumanokul R, et al. Differential diagnosis of Chikungunya, dengue viral infection and other acute febrile illnesses in children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2012 May;31(5):459-63.Full text Abstract
68. California Department of Public Health. Health and travel advisory: chikungunya and dengue in Mexico and Latin America. Feb 2015 [internet publication].Full text
69. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Zika virus: overview. Oct 2019 [internet publication].Full text
70. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Information for health practitioners: chikungunya virus. Jan 2008 [internet publication].Full text
71. Godaert L, Najioullah F, Bousquet L, et al. Do two screening tools for chikungunya virus infection that were developed among younger population work equally as well in patients aged over 65 years? PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jan 5;11(1):e0005256.Full text Abstract
72. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Yellow Book 2024: Section 5: travel-associated infections & diseases - chikungunya. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text
73. Direction Generale de la Sante. National recommendations on the management of Chikungunya [in French]. Nov 2014 [internet publication].Full text
74. Padmakumar B, Jayan JB, Menon R, et al. Comparative evaluation of four therapeutic regimes in chikungunya arthritis: a prospective randomized parallel-group study. Indian J Rheumatol. 2009 Sep;4(3):94-101.
75. Gaujoux-Viala C, Gossec L, Cantagrel A, et al. Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology for managing rheumatoid arthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014 Jul;81(4):287-97.Full text Abstract
76. Ganu MA, Ganu AS. Post-chikungunya chronic arthritis-our experience with DMARDs over two year follow up. J Assoc Physicians India. 2011 Feb;59:83-6. Abstract
77. Amaral JK, Sutaria R, Schoen RT. Treatment of chronic chikungunya arthritis with methotrexate: a systematic review. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2018 Oct;70(10):1501-8. Abstract
78. Wendling D, Lukas C, Paccou J, et al. Recommendations of the French Society for Rheumatology (SFR) on the everyday management of patients with spondyloarthritis. Joint Bone Spine. 2014 Jan;81(1):6-14.Full text Abstract
79. Ribéra A, Degasne I, Jaffar Bandjee MC, et al. Chronic rheumatic manifestations following chikungunya virus infection: clinical description and therapeutic considerations [in French]. Med Trop (Mars). 2012 Mar;72 Spec No:83-5. Abstract
80. Brighton SW. Chloroquine phosphate treatment of chronic Chikungunya arthritis: an open pilot study. S Afr Med J. 1984 Aug 11;66(6):217-8.Full text Abstract
81. De Lamballerie X, Boisson V, Reynier JC, et al. On chikungunya acute infection and chloroquine treatment. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2008 Dec;8(6):837-9. Abstract
82. Chopra A, Saluja M, Venugopalan A. Effectiveness of chloroquine and inflammatory cytokine response in patients with early persistent musculoskeletal pain and arthritis following chikungunya virus infection. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2014 Feb;66(2):319-26.Full text Abstract
83. Ravichandran R, Manian M. Ribavirin therapy for Chikungunya arthritis. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2008 Apr 1;2(2):140-2. Abstract
84. Dagley A, Ennis J, Turner JD, et al. Protection against Chikungunya virus induced arthralgia following prophylactic treatment with adenovirus vectored interferon (mDEF201). Antiviral Res. 2014 Aug;108:1-9.Full text Abstract
85. Briolant S, Garin D, Scaramozzino N, et al. In vitro inhibition of Chikungunya and Semliki Forest viruses replication by antiviral compounds: synergistic effect of interferon-alpha and ribavirin combination. Antiviral Res. 2004 Feb;61(2):111-7. Abstract
86. Delogu I, Pastorino B, Baronti C, et al. In vitro antiviral activity of arbidol against Chikungunya virus and characteristics of a selected resistant mutant. Antiviral Res. 2011 Jun;90(3):99-107. Abstract
87. Ozden S, Lucas-Hourani M, Ceccaldi PE, et al. Inhibition of Chikungunya virusinfection in cultured human muscle cells by furin inhibitors: impairment of the maturation of the E2 surface glycoprotein. J Biol Chem. 2008 Aug 8;283(32):21899-908. Abstract
88. Pohjala L, Utt A, Varjak M, et al. Inhibitors of alphavirus entry and replication identified with a stable Chikungunya replicon cell line and virus-based assays. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28923.Full text Abstract
89. Kaur P, Thiruchelvan M, Lee RC, et al. Inhibition of chikungunya virus replication by harringtonine, a novel antiviral that suppresses viral protein expression. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2013 Jan;57(1):155-67.Full text Abstract
90. Khan M, Dhanwani R, Patro IK, et al. Cellular IMPDH enzyme activity is a potential target for the inhibition of Chikungunya virus replication and virus induced apoptosis in cultured mammalian cells. Antiviral Res. 2011 Jan;89(1):1-8. Abstract
91. Lee RC, Hapuarachchi HC, Chen KC, et al. Mosquito cellular factors and functions in mediating the infectious entry of chikungunya virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(2):e2050.Full text Abstract
92. Li YG, Siripanyaphinyo U, Tumkosit U, et al. Poly (I:C), an agonist of toll-like receptor-3, inhibits replication of the Chikungunya virus in BEAS-2B cells. Virol J. 2012 Jun 14;9:114.Full text Abstract
93. Parashar D, Paingankar MS, Kumar S, et al. Administration of E2 and NS1 siRNAs inhibit chikungunya virusreplication in vitro and protects mice infected with the virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013 Sep 5;7(9):e2405.Full text Abstract
94. Dash PK, Tiwari M, Santhosh SR, et al. RNA interference mediated inhibition of Chikungunya virus replication in mammalian cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2008 Nov 28;376(4):718-22. Abstract
95. Bourjot M, Leyssen P, Neyts J, et al. Trigocherrierin A, a potent inhibitor of chikungunya virus replication. Molecules. 2014 Mar 24;19(3):3617-27.Full text Abstract
96. Teo TH, Chan YH, Lee WW, et al. Fingolimod treatment abrogates chikungunya virus-induced arthralgia. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Feb 1;9(375):eaal1333. Abstract
97. Miner JJ, Cook LE, Hong JP, et al. Therapy with CTLA4-Ig and an antiviral monoclonal antibody controls chikungunya virus arthritis. Sci Transl Med. 2017 Feb 1;9(375):eaah3438. Abstract
98. Centers for Disease Control. Chikungunya: treatment and prevention. Mar 2024 [internet publication].Full text
99. Mavalankar D, Shastri P, Bandyopadhyay T, et al. Increased mortality rate associated with chikungunya epidemic, Ahmedabad, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Mar;14(3):412-5.Full text Abstract
100. Goupil BA, Mores CN. A review of chikungunya virus-induced arthralgia: clinical manifestations, therapeutics, and pathogenesis. Open Rheumatol J. 2016 Nov 30;10:129-40.Full text Abstract
101. Schilte C, Staikowsky F, Couderc T, et al. Chikungunya virus-associated long-term arthralgia: a 36-month prospective longitudinal study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7(3):e2137.Full text Abstract
102. Gérardin P, Fianu A, Michault A, et al. Predictors of Chikungunya rheumatism: a prognostic survey ancillary to the TELECHIK cohort study. Arthritis Res Ther. 2013 Jan 9;15(1):R9.Full text Abstract
103. Couturier E, Guillemin F, Mura M, et al. Impaired quality of life after chikungunya virus infection: a 2-year follow-up study. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012 Jul;51(7):1315-22.Full text Abstract
104. Edington F, Varjão D, Melo P. Incidence of articular pain and arthritis after chikungunya fever in the Americas: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis. Joint Bone Spine. 2018 Jul 24 [Epub ahead of print]. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer