References
Key articles
Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, et al. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P136-78.Full text Abstract
Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Full text Abstract
US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Sep 5;318(9):836-44.Full text Abstract
American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks - 2022. December 2022 [internet publication].Full text
Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of increasing patching for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2270-7.Full text Abstract
Reference articles
1. Cruz OA, Repka MX, Hercinovic A, et al. Amblyopia preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P136-78.Full text Abstract
2. Wiesel TN, Hubel DH. Single-cell responses in striate cortex of kittens deprived of vision in one eye. J Neurophysiol. 1963 Nov;26:1003-17.Full text Abstract
3. Hubel DH, Wiesel TN. The period of susceptibility to the physiological effects of unilateral eye closure in kittens. J Physiol. 1970 Feb;206(2):419-36.Full text Abstract
4. Ip JM, Robaei D, Rochtchina E, et al. Prevalence of eye disorders in young children with eyestrain complaints. Am J Ophthalmol. 2006 Sep;142(3):495-7. Abstract
5. Multi-ethnic Pediatric Eye Disease Study Group. Prevalence of amblyopia and strabismus in African American and Hispanic children ages 6 to 72 months: the multi-ethnic pediatric eye disease study. Ophthalmology. 2008 Jul;115(7):1229-36.e1. Abstract
6. Attebo K, Mitchell P, Cumming R, et al. Prevalence and causes of amblyopia in an adult population. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jan;105(1):154-9. Abstract
7. Shaw DE, Fielder AR, Minshull C, et al. Amblyopia: factors influencing age of presentation. Lancet. 1988 Jul 23;2(8604):207-9. Abstract
8. Tailor V, Bossi M, Greenwood JA, et al. Childhood amblyopia: current management and new trends. Br Med Bull. 2016 Sep;119(1):75-86.Full text Abstract
9. Carlton J, Karnon J, Czoski-Murray C, et al. The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of screening programmes for amblyopia and strabismus in children up to the age of 4-5 years: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess. 2008 Jun;12(25):iii, xi-194.Full text Abstract
10. Powell C, Hatt SR. Vision screening for amblyopia in childhood. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2009 Jul 8;(3):CD005020.Full text Abstract
11. Harrington S, Breslin K, O'Dwyer V, et al. Comparison of amblyopia in schoolchildren in Ireland and Northern Ireland: a population-based observational cross-sectional analysis of a treatable childhood visual deficit. BMJ Open. 2019 Aug 10;9(8):e031066.Full text Abstract
12. Preslan MW, Novak A. Baltimore Vision Screening Project. Ophthalmology. 1996 Jan;103(1):105-9. Abstract
13. Williams C, Northstone K, Howard M, et al. Prevalence and risk factors for common vision problems in children: data from the ALSPAC study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;92(7):959-64. Abstract
14. Lai YH, Hsu HT, Wang HZ, et al. The visual status of children ages 3 to 6 years in the vision screening program in Taiwan. J AAPOS. 2009 Feb;13(1):58-62. Abstract
15. Drover JR, Kean PG, Courage ML, et al. Prevalence of amblyopia and other vision disorders in young Newfoundland and Labrador children. Can J Ophthalmol. 2008 Feb;43(1):89-94. Abstract
16. Robaei D, Rose KA, Ojaimi E, et al. Causes and associations of amblyopia in a population-based sample of 6-year-old Australian children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2006 Jun;124(6):878-84.Full text Abstract
17. Matsuo T, Matsuo C. Comparison of prevalence rates of strabismus and amblyopia in Japanese elementary school children between the years 2003 and 2005. Acta Med Okayama. 2007 Dec;61(6):329-34. Abstract
18. Jamali P, Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, et al. Refractive errors and amblyopia in children entering school: Shahrood, Iran. Optom Vis Sci. 2009 Apr;86(4):364-9. Abstract
19. Donnelly UM, Stewart NM, Hollinger M. Prevalence and outcomes of childhood visual disorders. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2005 Aug;12(4):243-50. Abstract
20. Rahi JS, Logan S, Borja MC, et al. Prediction of improved vision in the amblyopic eye after visual loss in the non-amblyopic eye. Lancet. 2002 Aug 24;360(9333):621-2. Abstract
21. Wilson ME. Adult amblyopia reversed by contralateral cataract formation. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1992 Mar-Apr;29(2):100-2. Abstract
22. Choi J, Kim JH, Kim SJ, et al. Clinical characteristics, course, and visual prognosis of partial cataracts that seem to be visually insignificant in children. J AAPOS. 2012 Apr;16(2):161-7. Abstract
23. Arkin M, Azar D, Fraioli A. Infantile cataracts. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1992 Winter;32(1):107-20. Abstract
24. Larsson EK, Rydberg AC, Holmstrom GE. A population-based study on the visual outcome in 10-year-old preterm and full-term children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Jun;123(6):825-32. Abstract
25. O'Connor AR, Wilson CM, Fielder AR. Ophthalmological problems associated with preterm birth. Eye. 2007 Oct;21(10):1254-60. Abstract
26. Connolly BP, Ng EY, McNamara JA, et al. A comparison of laser photocoagulation with cryotherapy for threshold retinopathy of prematurity at 10 years: part 2. Refractive outcome. Ophthalmology. 2002 May;109(5):936-41. Abstract
27. Quinn GE, Dobson V, Davitt BV, et al. Progression of myopia and high myopia in the early treatment for retinopathy of prematurity study: findings to 3 years of age. Ophthalmology. 2008 Jun;115(6):1058-64.e1. Abstract
28. Quinn GE, Dobson V, Kivlin J, et al. Prevalence of myopia between 3 months and 5 1/2 years in preterm infants with and without retinopathy of prematurity. Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity Cooperative Group. Ophthalmology. 1998 Jul;105(7):1292-300. Abstract
29. Chen TC, Tsai TH, Shih YF, et al. Long-term evaluation of refractive status and optical components in eyes of children born prematurely. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Dec;51(12):6140-8.Full text Abstract
30. Shah S, Torner J, Mehta A. Prevalence of amblyogenic risk factors in siblings of patients with accommodative esotropia. J AAPOS. 2008 Oct;12(5):487-9. Abstract
31. Abrahamsson M, Magnusson G, Sjostrand J. Inheritance of strabismus and the gain of using heredity to determine populations at risk of developing strabismus. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1999 Dec;77(6):653-7. Abstract
32. Hutchinson AK, Morse CL, Hercinovic A, et al. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P222-70.Full text Abstract
33. GOV.UK. UK national screening committee recommendation on vision defects screening in children. August 2019 [internet publication].Full text
34. Public Health England. Child vision screening resources. March 2017 [internet publication].Full text
35. Public Health England. Vision screening for 4 to 5 year olds: information for parents. October 2017 [internet publication].Full text
36. Public Health England. Guidance, screening competencies. April 2019 [internet publication].Full text
37. Toufeeq A, Oram AJ. School-entry vision screening in the United Kingdom: practical aspects and outcomes. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2014 Aug;21(4):210-6.Full text Abstract
38. Solebo AL, Cumberland PM, Rahi JS. Whole-population vision screening in children aged 4-5 years to detect amblyopia. Lancet. 2015 Jun 6;385(9984):2308-19. Abstract
39. US Preventive Services Task Force; Grossman DC, Curry SJ, Owens DK, et al. Vision screening in children ages 6 months to 5 years: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement. JAMA. 2017 Sep 5;318(9):836-44.Full text Abstract
40. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Policy statement: referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury. 2014 [internet publication].Full text
41. McCullough S, Saunders K. Visual profile of children who passed or failed the UK school vision screening protocol. Br Ir Orthopt J. 2019 Mar 26;15(1):36-46.Full text Abstract
42. Sondhi N, Archer SM, Helveston EM. Development of normal ocular alignment. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 1988 Sep-Oct;25(5):210-1. Abstract
43. Donahue SP, Baker CN, Committee on Practice and Ambulatory Medicine, American Academy of Pediatrics, et al. Procedures for the evaluation of the visual system by pediatricians. Pediatrics. 2016 Jan;137(1):e20153597.Full text Abstract
44. Yap TP, Luu CD, Suttle CM, et al. Characterising the orientation-specific pattern-onset visual evoked potentials in children with bilateral refractive amblyopia and non-amblyopic controls. Doc Ophthalmol. 2021 Apr;142(2):197-211. Abstract
45. Zheng X, Xu G, Zhi Y, et al. Objective and quantitative assessment of interocular suppression in strabismic amblyopia based on steady-state motion visual evoked potentials. Vision Res. 2019 Nov;164:44-52.Full text Abstract
46. Jang J, Kyung SE. Assessing amblyopia treatment using multifocal visual evoked potentials. BMC Ophthalmol. 2018 Aug 13;18(1):196.Full text Abstract
47. Chung W, Hong S, Lee JB, et al. Pattern visual evoked potential as a predictor of occlusion therapy for amblyopia. Korean J Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;22(4):251-4.Full text Abstract
48. Ridder WH 3rd, Rouse MW. Predicting potential acuities in amblyopes: predicting post-therapy acuity in amblyopes. Doc Ophthalmol. 2007 May;114(3):135-45. Abstract
49. Rahi JS, Cumberland PM, Peckham CS; British Childhood Visual Impairment Interest Group. Improving detection of blindness in childhood: the British Childhood Vision Impairment study. Pediatrics. 2010 Oct;126(4):e895-903. Abstract
50. Solebo AL, Rahi J. Epidemiology, aetiology and management of visual impairment in children. Arch Dis Child. 2014 Apr;99(4):375-9.Full text Abstract
51. American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus; American Academy of Ophthalmology. Joint policy statement: vision screening for infants and children. 2022 [internet publication].Full text
52. Donahue SP, Arthur B, Neely DE, et al. Guidelines for automated preschool vision screening: a 10-year, evidence-based update. J AAPOS. 2013 Feb;17(1):4-8.Full text Abstract
53. Donaldson LA, Karas M, O'Brien D, et al. Findings from an opt-in eye examination service in English special schools: is vision screening effective for this population? PLoS One. 2019 Mar 11;14(3):e0212733.Full text Abstract
54. Woodhouse JM, Davies N, McAvinchey A, et al. Ocular and visual status among children in special schools in Wales: the burden of unrecognised visual impairment. Arch Dis Child. 2014 Jun;99(6):500-4. Full text Abstract
55. Das M, Spowart K, Crossley S, et al. Evidence that children with special needs all require visual assessment. Arch Dis Child. 2010 Nov;95(11):888-92. Abstract
56. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus summary benchmarks - 2022. December 2022 [internet publication].Full text
57. Chen PL, Chen JT, Tai MC, et al. Anisometropic amblyopia treated with spectacle correction alone: possible factors predicting success and time to start patching. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Jan;143(1):54-60. Abstract
58. Cotter SA, Edwards AR, Wallace DK, et al. Treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in children with refractive correction. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):895-903.Full text Abstract
59. Maconachie GD, Farooq S, Bush G, et al. Association between adherence to glasses wearing during amblyopia treatment and improvement in visual acuity. J AMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1347-53. Abstract
60. Stewart CE, Moseley MJ, Fielder AR, et al; MOTAS Cooperative. Refractive adaptation in amblyopia: quantification of effect and implications for practice. Br J Ophthalmol. 2004 Dec;88(12):1552-6.Full text Abstract
61. Writing Committee for the Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group; Cotter SA, Foster NC, Holmes JM, et al. Optical treatment of strabismic and combined strabismic-anisometropic amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2012 Jan;119(1):150-8.Full text Abstract
62. Clarke MP, Wright CM, Hrisos S, et al. Randomised controlled trial of treatment of unilateral visual impairment detected at preschool vision screening. BMJ. 2003 Nov 29;327(7426):1251.Full text Abstract
63. Wallace DK, Edwards AR, Cotter SA, et al. A randomized trial to evaluate 2 hours of daily patching for strabismic and anisometropic amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2006 Jun;113(6):904-12.Full text Abstract
64. Repka MX, Beck RW, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of patching regimens for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2003 May;121(5):603-11. Abstract
65. Awan M, Proudlock FA, Gottlob I. A randomized controlled trial of unilateral strabismic and mixed amblyopia using occlusion dose monitors to record compliance. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2005 Apr;46(4):1435-9.Full text Abstract
66. Stewart CE, Stephens DA, Fielder AR, et al. Objectively monitored patching regimens for treatment of amblyopia: randomised trial. BMJ. 2007 Oct 6;335(7622):707.Full text Abstract
67. Stewart CE, Moseley MJ, Stephens DA, et al. Treatment dose-response in amblyopia therapy: the Monitored Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia Study (MOTAS). Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2004 Sep;45(9):3048-54.Full text Abstract
68. Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Holmes JM, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of increasing patching for amblyopia. Ophthalmology. 2013 Nov;120(11):2270-7.Full text Abstract
69. Tjiam AM, Holtslag G, Van Minderhout HM, et al. Randomised comparison of three tools for improving compliance with occlusion therapy: an educational cartoon story, a reward calendar, and an information leaflet for parents. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013 Jan;251(1):321-9. Abstract
70. Pradeep A, Proudlock FA, Awan M, et al. An educational intervention to improve adherence to high-dosage patching regimen for amblyopia: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Ophthalmol. 2014 Jul;98(7):865-70. Abstract
71. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs. patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2002 Mar;120(3):268-78. Abstract
72. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al. A randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia: follow-up at age 10 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Aug;126(8):1039-44. Abstract
73. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Pharmacological plus optical penalization treatment for amblyopia: results of a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Jan;127(1):22-30. Abstract
74. Tejedor J, Ogallar C. Comparative efficacy of penalization methods in moderate to mild amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2008 Mar;145(3):562-9. Abstract
75. Repka MX, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of severe amblyopia with weekend atropine: results from two randomized clinical trials. J AAPOS. 2009 Jun;13(3):258-63.Full text Abstract
76. Holmes JM, Kraker RT, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of prescribed patching regimens for treatment of severe amblyopia in children. Ophthalmology. 2003 Nov;110(11):2075-87. Abstract
77. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of near versus distance activities while patching for amblyopia in children aged 3 to less than 7 years. Ophthalmology. 2008 Nov;115(11):2071-8. Abstract
78. Wallace DK, Chandler DL, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of bilateral refractive amblyopia in children three to less than 10 years of age. Am J Ophthalmol. 2007 Oct;144(4):487-96.Full text Abstract
79. Birch EE, Cheng C, Stager DR Jr, et al. The critical period for surgical treatment of dense congenital bilateral cataracts. J AAPOS. 2009 Feb;13(1):67-71. Abstract
80. Birch EE, Stager DR. The critical period for surgical treatment of dense congenital unilateral cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1996 Jul;37(8):1532-8.Full text Abstract
81. Hakim, OM, Gaber El-Hag Y, Samir A. Silicone-eyelid closure to improve vision in deeply amblyopic eyes. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus. 2010;47(3):157-62. Abstract
82. Arnold RW, Armitage MD, Limstrom SA. Sutured protective occluder for severe amblyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;126(7):891-5. Abstract
83. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, et al. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Apr;123(4):437-47. Abstract
84. Hertle RW, Scheiman MM, Beck RW, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stability of visual acuity improvement following discontinuation of amblyopia treatment in children aged 7 to 12 years. Arch Ophthalmol. 2007 May;125(5):655-9.Full text Abstract
85. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Kraker RT, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Patching vs atropine to treat amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years: a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Dec;126(12):1634-42.Full text Abstract
86. Menon V, Shailesh G, Sharma P, et al. Clinical trial of patching versus atropine penalization for the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia in older children. J AAPOS. 2008 Oct;12(5):493-7. Abstract
87. Holmes JM, Manh VM, Lazar EL, et al. Effect of a binocular iPad game vs part-time patching in children aged 5 to 12 years with amblyopia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Dec 1;134(12):1391-400. Abstract
88. Manh VM, Holmes JM, Lazar EL, et al. A randomized trial of a binocular iPad game versus part-time patching in children aged 13 to 16 years with amblyopia. Am J Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb;186:104-15. Abstract
89. Gao TY, Guo CX, Babu RJ, et al. Effectiveness of a binocular video game vs placebo video game for improving visual functions in older children, teenagers, and adults with amblyopia: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2018 Feb 1;136(2):172-81. Abstract
90. Pineles SL, Aakalu VK, Hutchinson AK, et al. Binocular treatment of amblyopia: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2020 Feb;127(2):261-72.Full text Abstract
91. Tailor V, Ludden S, Bossi M, et al. Binocular versus standard occlusion or blurring treatment for unilateral amblyopia in children aged three to eight years. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Feb 7;2(2):CD011347.Full text Abstract
92. Gottlob I, Stangler-Zuschrott E. Effect of levodopa on contrast sensitivity and scotomas in human amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1990 Apr;31(4):776-80. Abstract
93. Gottlob I, Charlier J, Reinecke RD. Visual acuities and scotomas after one week levodopa administration in human amblyopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 1992 Aug;33(9):2722-8. Abstract
94. Bhartiya P, Sharma P, Biswas NR, et al. Levodopa-carbidopa with occlusion in older children with amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2002 Dec;6(6):368-72. Abstract
95. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of levodopa as treatment for residual amblyopia in older children. Ophthalmology. 2015 May;122(5):874-81.Full text Abstract
96. Spierer A, Raz J, Benezra O, et al. Treating amblyopia with liquid crystal glasses: a pilot study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2010 Jul;51(7):3395-8. Abstract
97. Erbağcı I, Okumuş S, Öner V, et al. Using liquid crystal glasses to treat ambyopia in children. J AAPOS. 2015 Jun;19(3):257-9. Abstract
98. Wang J, Neely DE, Galli J, et al. A pilot randomized clinical trial of intermittent occlusion therapy liquid crystal glasses versus traditional patching for treatment of moderate unilateral amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2016 Aug;20(4):326-31. Abstract
99. Fresina M, Dickmann A, Salerni A, et al. Effect of oral CDP-choline on visual function in young amblyopic patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2008 Jan;246(1):143-50. Abstract
100. Thompson B, Mansouri B, Koski L, et al. Brain plasticity in the adult: modulation of function in amblyopia with rTMS. Curr Biol. 2008 Jul 22;18(14):1067-71. Abstract
101. Lam DS, Zhao J, Chen LJ, et al. Adjunctive effect of acupuncture to refractive correction on anisometropic amblyopia: one-year results of a randomized crossover trial. Ophthalmology. 2011 Aug;118(8):1501-11. Abstract
102. Zhao J, Lam DS, Chen LJ, et al. Randomized controlled trial of patching vs acupuncture for anisometropic amblyopia in children aged 7 to 12 years. Arch Opthalmol. 2010 Dec;128(12):1510-7. Abstract
103. Daoud YJ, Hutchinson A, Wallace DK, et al. Refractive surgery in children: treatment options, outcomes, and controversies. Am J Ophthalmol. 2009 Apr;147(4):573-82. Abstract
104. Simons K, Preslan M. Natural history of amblyopia untreated owing to lack of compliance. Br J Ophthalmol. 1999 May;83(5):582-7.Full text Abstract
105. Cavuoto KM, Chang MY, Heidary G, et al. Effectiveness of laser refractive surgery to address anisometropic amblyogenic refractive error in children: a report by the American Academy of Ophthalmology. Ophthalmology. 2022 Nov;129(11):1323-31.Full text Abstract
106. Tychsen L, Hoekel J, Ghasia F, et al. Phakic intraocular lens correction of high ametropia in children with neurobehavioral disorders. J AAPOS. 2008 Jun;12(3):282-9. Abstract
107. Ali A, Packwood E, Lueder G, et al. Unilateral lens extraction for high anisometropic myopia in children and adolescents. J AAPOS. 2007 Apr;11(2):153-8. Abstract
108. Pirouzian A, Ip KC. Anterior chamber phakic intraocular lens implantation in children to treat severe anisometropic myopia and amblyopia: 3-year clinical results. J Cataract Refract Surg. 2010 Sep;36(9):1486-93. Abstract
109. Alió JL, Wolter NV, Piñero DP, et al. Pediatric refractive surgery and its role in the treatment of amblyopia: meta-analysis of the peer-reviewed literature. J Refract Surg. 2011 May;27(5):364-74. Abstract
110. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation preferred practice pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Full text Abstract
111. Tommila V, Tarkkanen A. Incidence of loss of vision in the healthy eye in amblyopia. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981 Aug;65(8):575-7.Full text Abstract
112. van Leeuwen R, Eijkemans MJ, Vingerling JR, et al. Risk of bilateral visual impairment in individuals with amblyopia: the Rotterdam study. Br J Ophthalmol. 2007 Nov;91(11):1450-1. Abstract
113. Wallace DK, Lazar EL, Melia M, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stereoacuity in children with anisometropic amblyopia. J AAPOS. 2011 Oct;15(5):455-61.Full text Abstract
114. Repka MX, Wallace DK, Beck RW, et al. Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Feb;123(2):149-57. Abstract
115. Holmes JM, Beck RW, Kraker RT, et al; Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Risk of amblyopia recurrence after cessation of treatment. J AAPOS. 2004 Oct;8(5):420-8. Abstract
116. Walsh LA, Hahn EK, LaRoche GR. The method of treatment cessation and recurrence rate of amblyopia. Strabismus. 2009 Sep;17(3):107-16. Abstract
117. Tims C. Difficulties with patching. In: Taylor D, Hoyt CS, eds. Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus, 3rd ed. Edinburgh, UK: Elsevier Saunders; 2005:1103-5.
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer