Varicocele

Bong GW, Koo HP. The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;31(3):509-15. Abstract

Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):36-43.Full text  Abstract

Freeman S, Bertolotto M, Richenberg J, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading. Eur Radiol. 2020 Jan;30(1):11-25.Full text  Abstract

Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Society for Male Reproduction and Urology. Report on varicocele and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2014 Dec;102(6):1556-60.Full text  Abstract

Persad E, O'Loughlin CA, Kaur S, et al. Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 23;4:CD000479.Full text  Abstract

1. Nguyen HT. Hernia, hydroceles, testicular torsion, and varicocele. In: Docimo SG, Canning DA, Khoury AE, eds. Clinical pediatric urology. London, UK: Informa Healthcare; 2007.

2. Diamond DA. Adolescent varicocele: emerging understanding. BJU Int. 2003 Oct;92 Suppl 1:48-51. Abstract

3. Steeno O, Knops J, Declerck L, et al. Prevention of fertility disorders by detection and treatment of varicocele at school and college age. Andrologia. 1976;8(1):47-53. Abstract

4. Kumanov P, Robeva RN, Tomova A. Adolescent varicocele: who is at risk? Pediatrics. 2008 Jan;121(1):e53-7. Abstract

5. Sylora JA, Pryor JL. Varicocele. Curr Ther Endocrinol Metab. 1994;5:309-14. Abstract

6. Green KF, Turner TT, Howards SS. Varicocele: reversal of the testicular bloodflow and temperature effects by varicocele repair. J Urol. 1984 Jun;131(6):1208-11. Abstract

7. World Health Organization. The influence of varicocele on parameters of fertility in a large group of men presenting to infertility clinics. Fertil Steril. 1992 Jun;57(6):1289-93. Abstract

8. Gorelick JI, Goldstein M. Loss of fertility in men with varicocele. Fertil Steril. 1993 Mar;59(3):613-6. Abstract

9. Baazeem A, Belzile E, Ciampi A, et al. Varicocele and male factor infertility treatment: a new meta-analysis and review of the role of varicocele repair. Eur Urol. 2011 Oct;60(4):796-808. Abstract

10. Vasavada S, Ross J, Nasrallah P, et al. Prepubertal varicoceles. Urology. 1997 Nov;50(5):774-7. Abstract

11. Prabakaran S, Kumanov P, Tomova A, et al. Adolescent varicocele: association with somatometric parameters. Urol Int. 2006;77(2):114-7. Abstract

12. Delaney DP, Carr MC, Kolon TF, et al. The physical characteristics of young males with varicocele. BJU Int. 2004 Sep;94(4):624-6. Abstract

13. May M, Taymoorian K, Beutner S, et al. Body size and weight as predisposing factors in varicocele. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2006;40(1):45-8. Abstract

14. Xiao-Bin G, Fang-Lei W, Hui X, et al. The association between body mass index and varicocele: a meta-analysis. Int Braz J Urol. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):8-19.Full text  Abstract

15. Raman JD, Walmsley K, Goldstein M. Inheritance of varicoceles. Urology. 2005 Jun;65(6):1186-9. Abstract

16. Mohammadali Beigi F, Mehrabi S, Javaherforooshzadeh A. Varicocele in brothers of patients with varicocele. Urol J. 2007 Winter;4(1):33-5. Abstract

17. Mokhtari G, Pourreza F, Falahatkar S, et al. Comparison of prevalence of varicocele in first-degree relatives of patients with varicocele and male kidney donors. Urology. 2008 Apr;71(4):666-8. Abstract

18. Sigmund G, Gall H, Bahren W. Stop-type and shunt-type varicoceles: venographic findings. Radiology. 1987 Apr;163(1):105-10. Abstract

19. Bong GW, Koo HP. The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;31(3):509-15. Abstract

20. Wishahi MM. Anatomy of the spermatic venous plexus (pampiniform plexus) in men with and without varicocele: intraoperative venographic study. J Urol. 1992 May;147(5):1285-9. Abstract

21. Bong GW, Koo HP. The adolescent varicocele: to treat or not to treat. Urol Clin North Am. 2004 Aug;31(3):509-15. Abstract

22. Paduch DA, Niedzielski J. Semen analysis in young men with varicocele: preliminary study. J Urol. 1996 Aug;156(2 Pt 2):788-90. Abstract

23. Lenzi A, Gandini L, Bagolan P, et al. Sperm parameters after early left varicocele treatment. Fertil Steril. 1998 Feb;69(2):347-9. Abstract

24. Laven JS, Haans LC, Mali WP, et al. Effects of varicocele treatment in adolescents: a randomized study. Fertil Steril. 1992 Oct;58(4):756-62. Abstract

25. Chung JM, Lee SD. Current issues in adolescent varicocele: pediatric urological perspectives. World J Mens Health. 2018 May;36(2):123-31.Full text  Abstract

26. Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part I. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):36-43.Full text  Abstract

27. Elmer DeWitt M, Greene DJ, Gill B, et al. Isolated right varicocele and incidence of associated cancer. Urology. 2018 Jul;117:82-5.Full text  Abstract

28. Walker AR, Kogan BA. Cost-benefit analysis of scrotal ultrasound in treatment of adolescents with varicocele. J Urol. 2010 May;183(5):2008-11. Abstract

29. Freeman S, Bertolotto M, Richenberg J, et al. Ultrasound evaluation of varicoceles: guidelines and recommendations of the European Society of Urogenital Radiology Scrotal and Penile Imaging Working Group (ESUR-SPIWG) for detection, classification, and grading. Eur Radiol. 2020 Jan;30(1):11-25.Full text  Abstract

30. Tanrikut C, Goldstein M, Rosoff JS, et al. Varicocele as a risk factor for androgen deficiency and effect of repair. BJU Int. 2011 Nov;108(9):1480-4.Full text  Abstract

31. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Society for Male Reproduction and Urology. Report on varicocele and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2014 Dec;102(6):1556-60.Full text  Abstract

32. European Association of Urology. Sexual and reproductive health guidelines. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

33. Zini A, Dohle G. Are varicoceles associated with increased deoxyribonucleic acid fragmentation? Fertil Steril. 2011 Dec;96(6):1283-7.Full text  Abstract

34. Baker K, McGill J, Sharma R, et al. Pregnancy after varicocelectomy: impact of postoperative motility and DFI. Urology. 2013 Apr;81(4):760-6. Abstract

35. Wang YJ, Zhang RQ, Lin YJ, et al. Relationship between varicocele and sperm DNA damage and the effect of varicocele repair: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biomed Online. 2012 Sep;25(3):307-14. Abstract

36. Smit M, Romijn JC, Wildhagen MF, et al. Decreased sperm DNA fragmentation after surgical varicocelectomy is associated with increased pregnancy rate. J Urol. 2013 Jan;189(1 Suppl):S146-50. Abstract

37. Diamond DA, Paltiel HJ, DiCanzio J, et al. Comparative assessment of pediatric testicular volume: orchidometer versus ultrasound. J Urol. 2000 Sep;164(3 Pt 2):1111-4. Abstract

38. Meacham RB, Townsend RR, Rademacher D, et al. The incidence of varicoceles in the general population when evaluated by physical examination, gray scale sonography and color Doppler sonography. J Urol. 1994 Jun;151(6):1535-8. Abstract

39. Kursh ED. What is the incidence of varicocele in a fertile population? Fertil Steril. 1987 Sep;48(3):510-1. Abstract

40. European Association of Urology. Guidelines on paediatric urology. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

41. Yuan R, Zhuo H, Cao D, et al. Efficacy and safety of varicocelectomies: a meta-analysis. Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2017 Apr;63(2):120-9.Full text  Abstract

42. Al-Kandari AM, Shabaan H, Ibrahim HM, et al. Comparison of outcomes of different varicocelectomy techniques: open inguinal, laparoscopic, and subinguinal microscopic varicocelectomy: a randomized clinical trial. Urology. 2007 Mar;69(3):417-20.Full text  Abstract

43. Al-Said S, Al-Naimi A, Al-Ansari A, Y, et al. Varicocelectomy for male infertility: a comparative study of open, laparoscopic and microsurgical approaches. J Urol. 2008 Jul;180(1):266-70. Abstract

44. Ding H, Tian J, Du W, et al. Open non-microsurgical, laparoscopic or open microsurgical varicocelectomy for male infertility: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BJU Int. 2012 Nov;110(10):1536-42. Abstract

45. Thomas JC, Elder JS. Testicular growth arrest and adolescent varicocele: does varicocele size make a difference? J Urol. 2002 Oct;168(4 Pt 2):1689-91. Abstract

46. Li F, Chiba K, Yamaguchi K, et al. Effect of varicocelectomy on testicular volume in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Urology. 2012 Jun;79(6):1340-5. Abstract

47. Schlegel PN, Sigman M, Collura B, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of infertility in men: AUA/ASRM guideline part II. J Urol. 2021 Jan;205(1):44-51.Full text  Abstract

48. Esteves SC, Roque M, Agarwal A. Outcome of assisted reproductive technology in men with treated and untreated varicocele: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2016 Mar-Apr;18(2):254-8.Full text  Abstract

49. Kirby EW, Wiener LE, Rajanahally S, et al. Undergoing varicocele repair before assisted reproduction improves pregnancy rate and live birth rate in azoospermic and oligospermic men with a varicocele: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril. 2016 Nov;106(6):1338-43. Abstract

50. Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Management of nonobstructive azoospermia: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril. 2018 Dec;110(7):1239-45.Full text  Abstract

51. Persad E, O'Loughlin CA, Kaur S, et al. Surgical or radiological treatment for varicoceles in subfertile men. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Apr 23;4:CD000479.Full text  Abstract

52. Asafu-Adjei D, Judge C, Deibert CM, et al. Systematic review of the impact of varicocele grade on response to surgical management. J Urol. 2020 Jan;203(1):48-56.Full text  Abstract

53. Esteves SC, Miyaoka R, Roque M, et al. Outcome of varicocele repair in men with nonobstructive azoospermia: systematic review and meta-analysis. Asian J Androl. 2016 Mar-Apr;18(2):246-53.Full text  Abstract

54. Hsiao W, Rosoff JS, Pale JR, et al. Varicocelectomy is associated with increases in serum testosterone independent of clinical grade. Urology. 2013 Jun;81(6):1213-7. Abstract

55. Schauer I, Madersbacher S, Jost R, et al. The impact of varicocelectomy on sperm parameters: a meta-analysis. J Urol. 2012 May;187(5):1540-7. Abstract

56. Li F, Yue H, Yamaguchi K, et al. Effect of surgical repair on testosterone production in infertile men with varicocele: a meta-analysis. Int J Urol. 2012 Feb;19(2):149-54. Abstract

57. Esposito C, Valla JS, Najmaldin A, et al. Incidence and management of hydrocele following varicocele surgery in children. J Urol. 2004 Mar;171(3):1271-3. Abstract

58. Misseri R, Gershbein AB, Horowitz M, et al. The adolescent varicocele. II: the incidence of hydrocele and delayed recurrent varicocele after varicocelectomy in a long-term follow-up. BJU Int. 2001 Apr;87(6):494-8. Abstract