Overview of sport-related injuries

References

Reference articles

1. Hauret KG, Bedno S, Loringer K, et al. Epidemiology of exercise- and sports-related injuries in a population of young, physically active adults: a survey of military servicemembers. Am J Sports Med. 2015 Nov;43(11):2645-53.Full text  Abstract

2. López-Valenciano A, Ruiz-Pérez I, Garcia-Gómez A, et al. Epidemiology of injuries in professional football: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Jun;54(12):711-18.Full text  Abstract

3. Garrett WE Jr. Muscle strain injuries. Am J Sports Med. 1996;24(suppl 6):2-8. Abstract

4. Crisco JJ, Jokl P, Heinen GT, et al. A muscle contusion injury model. Biomechanics, physiology, and histology. Am J Sports Med. 1994 Sep-Oct;22(5):702-10.Full text  Abstract

5. Hoelmich P. Adductor-related groin pain in athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc. 1997;5:285-91.

6. Garrett WE Jr, Safran MR, Seaber AV, et al. Biomechanical comparison of stimulated and nonstimulated skeletal muscle pulled to failure. Am J Sports Med. 1987 Sep-Oct;15(5):448-54.Full text  Abstract

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Surveillance report of traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, United States, 2014. 2019 [internet publication].Full text

8. Scorza KA, Cole W. Current concepts in concussion: initial evaluation and management. Am Fam Physician. 2019 Apr 1;99(7):426-34.Full text  Abstract

9. Taylor CA, Bell JM, Breiding MJ, et al. Traumatic brain injury-related emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and deaths - United States, 2007 and 2013. MMWR Surveill Summ. 2017 Mar 17;66(9):1-16.Full text  Abstract

10. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.​ Brain injury basics: what is a concussion. Feb 2019 [internet publication].Full text

11. Holm L, Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, et al. Summary of the WHO collaborating centre for neurotrauma task force on mild traumatic brain injury. J Rehabil Med. 2005 May;37(3):137-41.Full text  Abstract

12. Vega RA, Valadka AB. Natural history of acute subdural hematoma. Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2017 Apr;28(2):247-55. Abstract

13. Baechli H, Nordmann A, Bucher HC, et al. Demographics and prevalent risk factors of chronic subdural haematoma: results of a large single-center cohort study. Neurosurg Rev. 2004 Oct;27(4):263-6. Abstract

14. Gaist D, García Rodríguez LA, Hellfritzsch M, et al. Association of antithrombotic drug use with subdural hematoma risk. JAMA. 2017 Feb 28;317(8):836-46.Full text  Abstract

15. Wiebers DO, Whisnant JP, Huston J 3rd, et al. Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: natural history, clinical outcome, and risks of surgical and endovascular treatment. Lancet. 2003 Jul 12;362(9378):103-10. Abstract

16. Korja M, Kaprio J. Controversies in epidemiology of intracranial aneurysms and SAH. Nat Rev Neurol. 2016 Jan;12(1):50-5. Abstract

17. Suarez JI, Tarr RW, Selman WR. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. N Engl J Med. 2006 Jan 26;354(4):387-96. Abstract

18. Hughes JD, Bond KM, Mekary RA, et al. Estimating the global incidence of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a systematic review for central nervous system vascular lesions and meta-analysis of ruptured aneurysms. World Neurosurg. 2018 Jul;115:430-47. Abstract

19. Cobb A, Murthy R, Manisali M, et al. Oculovagal reflex in paediatric orbital floor fractures mimicking head injury. Emerg Med J. 2009 May;26(5):351-3. Abstract

20. Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998 Sep;5(3):143-69. Abstract

21. Chou SC, Yang CH, Lee CH, et al. Characteristics of primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in Taiwan. Eye (Lond). 2007 Aug;21(8):1056-61.Full text  Abstract

22. Van de Put MAJ, Hooymans JMM, Los LI, et al. The incidence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in The Netherlands. Ophthalmology. 2013 Mar;120(3):616-22. Abstract

23. Flaxel CJ, Adelman RA, Bailey ST, et al. Posterior vitreous detachment, retinal breaks, and lattice degeneration Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2020 Jan;127(1):P146-P181.Full text  Abstract

24. Ahmed F, House RJ, Feldman BH. Corneal abrasions and corneal foreign bodies. Prim Care. 2015 Sep;42(3):363-75. Abstract

25. Wong TY, Lincoln A, Tielsch JM, et al. The epidemiology of ocular injury in a major US automobile corporation. Eye (Lond). 1998;12 ( Pt 5):870-4.Full text  Abstract

26. Fong LP, Taouk Y. The role of eye protection in work-related eye injuries. Aust N Z J Ophthalmol. 1995 May;23(2):101-6.Full text  Abstract

27. Devereaux MW. Neck pain. Prim Care. 2004 Mar;31(1):19-31.

28. Hoy D, March L, Woolf A, et al. The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jul;73(7):1309-15. Abstract

29. Carette S. Whiplash injury and chronic neck pain. N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 14;330(15):1083-4.

30. Croft PR, Lewis M, Papageorgiou AC, et al. Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Pain. 2001 Sep;93(3):317-25. Abstract

31. Woodruff BA, Baron RC. A description of nonfatal spinal cord injury using a hospital-based registry. Am J Prev Med. 1994 Jan-Feb;10(1):10-4.Full text  Abstract

32. Nath RK, Lyons AB, Bietz G. Physiological and clinical advantages of median nerve fascicle transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve following brachial plexus root avulsion injury. J Neurosurg. 2006 Dec;105(6):830-4.Full text  Abstract

33. Midha R. Epidemiology of brachial plexus injuries in a multitrauma population. Neurosurgery. 1997 Jun;40(6):1182-8; discussion 1188-9. Abstract

34. Teunis T, Lubberts B, Reilly BT, et al. A systematic review and pooled analysis of the prevalence of rotator cuff disease with increasing age. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2014 Dec;23(12):1913-21. Abstract

35. Yeap JS, Lee DJ, Fazir M, et al. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations in Malaysia. Med J Malaysia. 2004 Dec;59 (Suppl F):19-23. Abstract

36. Krøner K, Lind T, Jensen J. The epidemiology of shoulder dislocations. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1989;108(5):288-90. Abstract

37. Simonet WT, Melton LJ 3rd, Cofield RH, et al. Incidence of anterior shoulder dislocation in Olmsted County, Minnesota. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1984 Jun;(186):186-91. Abstract

38. Kälicke T, Muhr G, Frangen TM. Dislocation of the elbow with fractures of the coronoid process and radial head. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007 Dec;127(10):925-31. Abstract

39. Harada T, Kumazaki T, Kigure T, et al. Effect of adrenergic agents on urethral pressure and urethral compliance measurements in dog proximal urethra. J Urol. 1989 Jul;142(1):189-92. Abstract

40. Evans JP, Guyver PM, Smith CD. Frozen shoulder after simple arthroscopic shoulder procedures: what is the risk? Bone Joint J. 2015 Jul;97-B(7):963-6. Abstract

41. Date A, Rahman L. Frozen shoulder: overview of clinical presentation and review of the current evidence base for management strategies. Future Sci OA. 2020 Oct 30;6(10):FSO647.Full text  Abstract

42. Janda DH, Hawkins RJ. Shoulder manipulation in patients with adhesive capsulitis and diabetes mellitus: a clinical note. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1993 Jan;2(1):36-8. Abstract

43. Bowman CA, Jeffcoate WJ, Pattrick M, et al. Bilateral adhesive capsulitis, oligoarthritis and proximal myopathy as presentation of hypothyroidism. Br J Rheumatol. 1988 Feb;27(1):62-4. Abstract

44. Lundberg BJ. The frozen shoulder. Clinical and radiographical observations. The effect of manipulation under general anesthesia. Structure and glycosaminoglycan content of the joint capsule. Local bone metabolism. Acta Orthop Scand Suppl. 1969;119:1-59. Abstract

45. Boninger ML, Robertson RN, Wolff M, et al. Upper limb nerve entrapments in elite wheelchair racers. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 1996 May-Jun;75(3):170-6. Abstract

46. Burnham RS, Steadward RD. Upper extremity peripheral nerve entrapments among wheelchair athletes: prevalence, location, and risk factors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994 May;75(5):519-24. Abstract

47. Carter RM. Epicondylitis. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1925;7:553-62.

48. Nirschl RP. Elbow tendinosis/tennis elbow. Clin Sports Med. 1992 Oct;11(4):851-70. Abstract

49. Milz S, Tischer T, Buettner A, et al. Molecular composition and pathology of entheses on the medial and lateral epicondyles of the humerus: a structural basis for epicondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2004 Sep;63(9):1015-21.Full text  Abstract

50. Jobe FW, Ciccotti MG. Lateral and medial epicondylitis of the elbow. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1994;2:1-8. Abstract

51. Shiri R, Viikari-Juntura E, Varonen H, et al. Prevalence and determinants of lateral and medial epicondylitis: a population study. Am J Epidemiol. 2006 Dec 1;164(11):1065-74.Full text  Abstract

52. Degen RM, Conti MS, Camp CL, et al. Epidemiology and disease burden of lateral epicondylitis in the USA: analysis of 85,318 patients. HSS J. 2018 Feb;14(1):9-14.Full text  Abstract

53. Wiggins AJ, Cancienne JM, Camp CL, et al. Disease burden of medial epicondylitis in the USA is increasing: an analysis of 19,856 patients from 2007 to 2014. HSS J. 2018 Oct;14(3):233-7.Full text  Abstract

54. Descatha A, Leclerc A, Chastang JF, et al. Medial epicondylitis in occupational settings: prevalence, incidence and associated risk factors. J Occup Environ Med. 2003 Sep;45(9):993-1001.Full text  Abstract

55. Chen NC, Jupiter JB. Management of distal radial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007 Sep;89(9):2051-62. Abstract

56. British Society for Surgery of the Hand. Best practice for management of distal radius fractures​. Dec 2017 [internet publication].Full text

57. Court-Brown CM, Caesar B. Epidemiology of adult fractures: a review. Injury. 2006 Aug;37(8):691-7. Abstract

58. Ring D, Jupiter JB. Treatment of osteoporotic distal radius fractures. Osteoporos Int. 2005 Mar;16 (Suppl 2):S80-4. Abstract

59. Jupiter JB. Complex articular fractures of the distal radius: classification and management. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1997 May;5(3):119-29. Abstract

60. Nellans KW, Kowalski E, Chung KC. The epidemiology of distal radius fractures. Hand Clin. 2012 May;28(2):113-25.Full text  Abstract

61. Rutgers M, Mudgal CS, Shin R. Combined fractures of the distal radius and scaphoid. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2008 Aug;33(4):478-83. Abstract

62. BURMAN M. Stenosing tendovaginitis of the dorsal and volar compartments of the wrist. AMA Arch Surg. 1952 Nov;65(5):752-62. Abstract

63. Deyo RA, Weinstein JN. Low back pain. N Engl J Med. 2001 Feb 1;344(5):363-70. Abstract

64. Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A, et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet. 2018 Jun 9;391(10137):2356-67.Full text  Abstract

65. Cassidy JD, Carroll LJ, Côté P. The Saskatchewan health and back pain survey. The prevalence of low back pain and related disability in Saskatchewan adults. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Sep 1;23(17):1860-6; discussion 1867. Abstract

66. Rubin DI. Epidemiology and risk factors for spine pain. Neurol Clin. 2007 May;25(2):353-71. Abstract

67. Hoy D, Bain C, Williams G, et al. A systematic review of the global prevalence of low back pain. Arthritis Rheum. 2012 Jun;64(6):2028-37.Full text  Abstract

68. Gulati M, Levy PD, Mukherjee D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 2021 Nov 30;144(22):e368-454.Full text  Abstract

69. Dragoni S, Giombini A, Di Cesare A, et al. Stress fractures of the ribs in elite competitive rowers: a report of nine cases. Skeletal Radiol. 2007 Oct;36(10):951-4. Abstract

70. Low S, Kern M, Atanda A. First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report. J Sports Sci. 2016;34(13):1266-70. Abstract

71. Gerrie BJ, Harris JD, Lintner DM, et al. Lower thoracic rib stress fractures in baseball pitchers. Phys Sportsmed. 2016;44(1):93-6. Abstract

72. Smoljanović T, Bojanić I, Troha I, et al. [Rib stress fractures in rowers: three case reports and review of literature]. [in hrv]. Lijec Vjesn. 2007 Oct-Nov;129(10-11):327-32. Abstract

73. Robinson CM, Court-Brown CM, McQueen MM, et al. Hip fractures in adults younger than 50 years of age. Epidemiology and results. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1995 Mar;(312):238-46.Full text  Abstract

74. Beynnon BD, Renstrom PA, Alosa DM, et al. Ankle ligament injury risk factors: a prospective study of college athletes. J Orthop Res. 2001;19:213-20. Abstract

75. Woods C, Hawkins R, Hulse M, et al. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football: an analysis of ankle sprains. Br J Sports Med. 2003;37:233-38.Full text  Abstract

76. Bahr R. Can we prevent ankle sprains? In: MacAuley D, Best TM, eds. Evidence-based sports medicine, 14th ed. London, UK: BMJ; 2002:470.

77. Hansom D, Sutherland A. Injury prevention strategies in skiers and snowboarders. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2010 May-Jun;9(3):169-75.Full text  Abstract

78. Hauret KG, Jones BH, Bullock SH, et al. Musculoskeletal injuries description of an under-recognized injury problem among military personnel. Am J Prev Med. 2010 Jan;38(1 suppl):S61-70.Full text  Abstract

79. Engebretsen L, Steffen K, Alonso JM, et al. Sports injuries and illnesses during the Winter Olympic Games 2010. Br J Sports Med. 2010 Sep;44(11):772-80.Full text  Abstract

80. Boden BP, Dean GS, Feagin JA, et al. Mechanisms of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Orthopedics. 2000;23:573-58. Abstract

81. Ettlinger CF, Johnson RJ, Shealy JE. A method to help reduce the risk of serious knee sprains incurred in alpine skiing. Am J Sports Med. 1995;23:531-37. Abstract

82. Meyers MC, Barnhill BS. Incidence, causes, and severity of high school football injuries on FieldTurf versus natural grass: a 5-year prospective study. Am J Sports Med. 2004;32:1626-38. Abstract

83. Paletta GA, Warren RF. Knee injuries and alpine skiing. Treatment and rehabilitation. Sports Med. 1994;17:411-23. Abstract

84. Dallalana RJ, Brooks JH, Kemp SP, et al. The epidemiology of knee injuries in English professional rugby union. Am J Sports Med. 2007;35:818-30. Abstract

85. Devereaux MD, Lachmann SM. Patello-femoral arthralgia in athletes attending a Sports Injury Clinic. Br J Sports Med. 1984 Mar;18(1):18-21.Full text  Abstract

86. Gholve PA, Scher DM, Khakharia S, et al. Osgood Schlatter syndrome. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19:44-50. Abstract

87. Frank JB, Jarit GJ, Bravman JT, et al. Lower extremity injuries in the skeletally immature athlete. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2007;15:356-66. Abstract

88. Labropoulos N, Shifrin DA, Paxinos O. New insights into the development of popliteal cysts. Br J Surg. 2004;91:1313-18. Abstract

89. Handy JR. Popliteal cysts in adults: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2001 Oct;31(2):108-18. Abstract

90. Clanton TO, DeLee JC. Osteochondritis dissecans: history, pathophysiology and current treatment concepts. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1982;167:50-64. Abstract

91. Cahill BR. Osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: treatment of juvenile and adult forms. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 1995;3:237-47. Abstract

92. Kocher MS, Tucker R, Ganley TJ, et al. Management of osteochondritis dissecans of the knee: current concepts review. Am J Sports Med. 2006;34:1181-91. Abstract

93. Yadao, MA, Field LD, Savoie FA. Osteochondritis dissecans of the elbow. Instr Course Lect. 2004;53:599-606. Abstract

94. Barber FA, Sutker AN. Iliotibial band syndrome. Sports Med. 1992 Aug;14(2):144-8. Abstract

95. Shbeeb M, Uramoto KM, Gibson LE, et al. The epidemiology of psoriatic arthritis in Olmsted County, Minnesota, USA, 1982-1991. J Rheumatol. 2000;27:1247-50. Abstract

96. Messier SP, Edwards DG, Martin DF, et al. Etiology of iliotibial band friction syndrome in distance runners. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995 Jul;27(7):951-60. Abstract

97. Dahan R. Rehabilitation of muscle-tendon injuries to the hip, pelvis, and groin areas. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev. 1997;5:326-33.

98. Jankovic J, Mazziotta J C, Pomeroy S L. Bradley and Daroff's neurology in clinical practice. 8th ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2021.

99. Katzberg HD. Case studies in management of muscle cramps. Neurol Clin. 2020 Aug;38(3):679-96. Abstract

100. Schwellnus MP, Drew N, Collins M. Muscle cramping in athletes--risk factors, clinical assessment, and management. Clin Sports Med. 2008 Jan;27(1):183-94, ix-x.Full text  Abstract

101. Fallon KE. Musculoskeletal injuries in the ultramarathon: the 1990 Westfield Sydney to Melbourne run. Br J Sports Med. 1996 Dec;30(4):319-23.Full text  Abstract

102. Maughan RJ, Shirreffs SM. Muscle cramping during exercise: causes, solutions, and questions remaining. Sports Med. 2019 Dec;49(suppl 2):115-24.Full text  Abstract

103. Mubarak SJ, Owen CA. Double-incision fasciotomy of the leg for decompression in compartment syndromes. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977 Mar;59(2):184-7. Abstract

104. Court-Brown C, McQueen M, Tornetta P. Ankle fractures. In: Trauma, orthopaedic surgery essentials. Tornetta P, Einhorn T, eds. Philadelphia, PA; Lippincott Williams and Wilkins: 2006.

105. Williams SK, Brage M. Heel pain - plantar fasciitis and Achilles enthesopathy. Clin Sports Med. 2004;23:123-44. Abstract

106. Dyck DD Jr, Boyajian-O'Neill LA. Plantar fasciitis. Clin J Sport Med. 2004;14:305-9. Abstract

107. Buchbinder R. Plantar fasciitis. N Engl J Med. 2004;350:2159-66. Abstract

108. Wearing SC, Smeathers JE, Urry SR, et al. The pathomechanics of plantar fasciitis. Sports Med. 2006;36:585-611. Abstract

109. GBD 2017 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet. 2018 Nov 10;392(10159):1789-1858.Full text  Abstract

110. Lombardo JA, Badolato SK. The preparticipation physical evaluation. Clin Cornerstone. 2001;3:10-25.

111. Wingfield K, Matheson GO, Meeuwisse WH. Preparticipation evaluation: an evidence-based review. Clin J Sport Med. 2004 May;14(3):109-22. Abstract

112. Maron BJ, Douglas PS, Graham TP, et al. Task Force 1: preparticipation screening and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005 Apr 19;45(8):1322-6. Abstract

113. Rice SG; American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness. Medical conditions affecting sports participation. Pediatrics. 2008 Apr;121(4):841-8.Full text  Abstract

Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer