Evaluation of hypertension

Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248. Abstract

James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20.Full text  Abstract

McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024 Oct 7;45(38):3912-4018.Full text

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

Waguespack DR, Dwyer JP. Assessment of blood pressure: techniques and implications from clinical trials. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2019 Mar;26(2):87-91. Abstract

1. Lip GY. Hypertension, platelets, and the endothelium: the "thrombotic paradox" of hypertension (or "Birmingham paradox") revisited. Hypertension. 2003 Feb;41(2):199-200.Full text  Abstract

2. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248. Abstract

3. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, et al. The seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure: the JNC 7 report. JAMA. 2003 May 21;289(19):2560-72. Abstract

4. James PA, Oparil S, Carter BL, et al. 2014 evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014 Feb 5;311(5):507-20.Full text  Abstract

5. Khera R, Lu Y, Lu J, et al. Impact of 2017 ACC/AHA guidelines on prevalence of hypertension and eligibility for antihypertensive treatment in United States and China: nationally representative cross sectional study. BMJ. 2018 Jul 11;362:k2357.Full text  Abstract

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7. McEvoy JW, McCarthy CP, Bruno RM, et al. 2024 ESC guidelines for the management of elevated blood pressure and hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2024 Oct 7;45(38):3912-4018.Full text

8. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in adults: diagnosis and management. Nov 2023 [internet publication].Full text

9. Carey RM, Calhoun DA, Bakris GL, et al. Resistant hypertension: detection, evaluation, and management: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2018 Nov;72(5):e53-90.Full text  Abstract

10. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants. Lancet. 2021 Sep 11;398(10304):957-80.Full text  Abstract

11. Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.Full text  Abstract

12. Falaschetti E, Mindell J, Knott C, et al. Hypertension management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from 1994 to 2011. Lancet. 2014 May 31;383(9932):1912-9. Abstract

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14. Mills KT, Bundy JD, Kelly TN, et al. Global disparities of hypertension prevalence and control: a systematic analysis of population-based studies from 90 countries. Circulation. 2016 Aug 9;134(6):441-50.Full text  Abstract

15. Thomas SJ, Booth JN 3rd, Dai C, et al. Cumulative incidence of hypertension by 55 years of age in blacks and whites: the CARDIA study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018 Jul 11;7(14).Full text  Abstract

16. Ogden LG, He J, Lydick E, et al. Long-term absolute benefit of lowering blood pressure in hypertensive patients according to the JNC VI risk stratification. Hypertension. 2000 Feb;35(2):539-43.Full text  Abstract

17. D'Anci KE, Tipton K, Hedden-Gross A, et al. Effect of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review prepared for the 2020 U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs/U.S. Department of Defense Guidelines. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Dec 1;173(11):895-903. Abstract

18. Nadar SK, Tayebjee MH, Meserelli F, et al. Target organ damage in hypertension: pathophysiology and implications for drug therapy. Curr Pharm Des. 2006;12(13):1581-92. Abstract

19. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, et al. Age-specific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002 Dec 14;360(9349):1903-13. Abstract

20. Blair SN, Goodyear NN, Gibbons LW, et al. Physical fitness and incidence of hypertension in healthy normotensive men and women. JAMA. 1984 Jul 27;252(4):487-90. Abstract

21. Gerdts E, Sudano I, Brouwers S, et al. Sex differences in arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2022 Dec 7;43(46):4777-88.Full text  Abstract

22. Wei LK, Au A, Teh LK, et al. Recent advances in the genetics of hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:561-81. Abstract

23. Appel LJ, Moore TJ, Obarzanek E, et al. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. DASH Collaborative Research Group. N Eng J Med. 1997 Apr 17;336(16):1117-24.Full text  Abstract

24. Chobanian AV, Hill M. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute workshop on sodium and blood pressure. A critical review of current scientific evidence. Hypertension. 2000 Apr;35(4):858-63.Full text  Abstract

25. Rust P, Ekmekcioglu C. Impact of salt intake on the pathogenesis and treatment of hypertension. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2017;956:61-84. Abstract

26. Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 May 25;143(21):e984-1010.Full text  Abstract

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28. Carey RM. Diagnosing and managing primary aldosteronism in hypertensive patients: a case-based approach. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2016 Oct;18(10):97. Abstract

29. Rivas AM, Pena C, Kopel J, et al. Hypertension and hyperthyroidism: association and pathogenesis. Am J Med Sci. 2021 Jan;361(1):3-7. Abstract

30. Young WF, Calhoun DA, Lenders JWM, et al. Screening for endocrine hypertension: an endocrine society scientific statement. Endocrine Reviews. 2017 Apr 1; 38 (2): 103-22.Full text

31. Streeten DH, Anderson GH Jr, Howland T, et al. Effects of thyroid function on blood pressure. Recognition of hypothyroid hypertension. Hypertension. 1988 Jan;11(1):78-83.Full text  Abstract

32. Hofstetter L, Messerli FH. Hypothyroidism and hypertension: fact or myth? Lancet. 2018 Jan 6;391(10115):29-30.Full text  Abstract

33. Stabouli S, Papakatsika S, Kotsis V. Hypothyroidism and hypertension. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2010 Nov;8(11):1559-65. Abstract

34. Berta E, Lengyel I, Halmi S, et al. Hypertension in thyroid disorders. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2019 Jul 17;10:482.Full text  Abstract

35. Meng F, Ma J, Wang W, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a risk factor of hypertension. Minerva Med. 2016 Oct;107(5):294-9. Abstract

36. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Obstructive sleep apnoea/hypopnoea syndrome and obesity hypoventilation syndrome in over 16s. NICE guideline NG202. Aug 2021 [internet publication].Full text

37. Mokhlesi B, Masa JF, Brozek JL, et al. Evaluation and Management of Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome. An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Aug 1;200(3):e6-e24.Full text  Abstract

38. Yeghiazarians Y, Jneid H, Tietjens JR, et al. Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: a scientific tatement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 Jul 20;144(3):e56-67.Full text  Abstract

39. Tomson J, Lip GY. Alcohol and hypertension; an old relationship revisited. Alcohol Alcohol. 2006 Jan-Feb;41(1):3-4.Full text  Abstract

40. Vitarello JA, Fitzgerald CJ, Cluett JL, et al. Prevalence of medications that may raise blood pressure among adults with hypertension in the United States. JAMA Intern Med. 2022 Jan 1;182(1):90-3.Full text  Abstract

41. Dobbin SJH, Cameron AC, Petrie MC, et al. Toxicity of cancer therapy: what the cardiologist needs to know about angiogenesis inhibitors. Heart. 2018 Dec;104(24):1995-2002. Abstract

42. Cohen JB, Lotito MJ, Trivedi UK, et al. Cardiovascular events and mortality in white coat hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2019 Jun 18;170(12):853-62.Full text  Abstract

43. Elliot WJ. Clinical features and management of selected hypertensive emergencies. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2004 Oct;6(10):587-92. Abstract

44. Lip GY, Beevers M, Beevers G. The failure of malignant hypertension to decline: a survey of 24 years' experience in a multiracial population in England. J Hypertens. 1994 Nov;12(11):1297-305. Abstract

45. van den Born BJ, Koopmans RP, Groeneveld JO, et al. Ethnic disparities in the incidence, presentation and complications of malignant hypertension. J Hypertens. 2006 Nov;24(11):2299-304. Abstract

46. Waguespack DR, Dwyer JP. Assessment of blood pressure: techniques and implications from clinical trials. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2019 Mar;26(2):87-91. Abstract

47. Gelfer M, Dawes M, Kaczorowski J, et al. Diagnosing hypertension: evidence supporting the 2015 recommendations of the Canadian Hypertension Education Program. Can Fam Physician. 2015 Nov;61(11):957-61.Full text  Abstract

48. Clark CE, Taylor RS, Shore AC, et al. Association of a difference in systolic blood pressure between arms with vascular disease and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2012 Mar 10;379(9819):905-14. Abstract

49. Roerecke M, Kaczorowski J, Myers MG. Comparing automated office blood pressure readings with other methods of blood pressure measurement for identifying patients with possible hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2019 Mar 1;179(3):351-62.Full text  Abstract

50. Boonyasai RT, McCannon EL, Landavaso JE. Automated office-based blood pressure measurement: an overview and guidance for implementation in primary care. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2019 Apr 4;21(4):29.Full text  Abstract

51. Cloutier L, Daskalopoulou SS, Padwal RS, et al. A new algorithm for the diagnosis of hypertension in Canada. Can J Cardiol. 2015 May;31(5):620-30.Full text  Abstract

52. Stergiou GS, Bliziotis IA. Home blood pressure monitoring in the diagnosis and treatment of hypertension: a systematic review. Am J Hypertens. 2011 Feb;24(2):123-34. Abstract

53. Parati G, Stergiou GS, Asmar R, et al; ESH Working Group on Blood Pressure Monitoring. European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for home blood pressure monitoring. J Hum Hypertens. 2010 Dec;24(12):779-85. Abstract

54. Agarwal R, Bills JE, Hecht TJ, et al. Role of home blood pressure monitoring in overcoming therapeutic inertia and improving hypertension control: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension. 2011 Jan;57(1):29-38. Abstract

55. Stergiou GS, Palatini P, Parati G, et al. 2021 European Society of Hypertension practice guidelines for office and out-of-office blood pressure measurement. J Hypertens. 2021 Jul 1;39(7):1293-302.Full text  Abstract

56. Hodgkinson J, Mant J, Martin U, et al. Relative effectiveness of clinic and home blood pressure monitoring compared with ambulatory blood pressure monitoring in diagnosis of hypertension: systematic review. BMJ. 2011 Jun 24;342:d3621.Full text  Abstract

57. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Hypertension in adults: screening. April 2021 [internet publication].Full text

58. Cuspidi C, Vaccarella A, Negri F, et al. Resistant hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy: an overview. J Am Soc Hypertens. 2010 Nov-Dec;4(6):319-24. Abstract

59. Simundic AM, Bölenius K, Cadamuro J, et al. Joint EFLM-COLABIOCLI recommendation for venous blood sampling. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2018;56(12):2015-38. Abstract

60. Nadar S, Lip GY, Beevers DG. Primary hyperaldosteronism. Ann Clin Biochem. 2003 Sep;40(pt 5):439-52. Abstract

61. Rossi GP, Sacchetto A, Chiesura-Corona M, et al. Identification of the etiology of primary aldosteronism with adrenal vein sampling in patients with equivocal computed tomography and magnetic resonance findings: results in 104 consecutive cases. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2001 Mar;86(3):1083-90. Abstract

62. Textor SC. Renovascular hypertension in 2007: where are we now? Curr Cardiol Rep. 2007 Nov;9(6):453-61. Abstract

63. Working Group on Renovascular Hypertension. Detection, evaluation, and treatment of renovascular hypertension. Final report. Arch Intern Med. 1987 May;147(5):820-9. Abstract

64. Fleseriu M, Auchus R, Bancos I, et al. Consensus on diagnosis and management of Cushing's disease: a guideline update. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021 Dec;9(12):847-75.Full text  Abstract

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67. Rosenthal LD, Dolan DC. The Epworth sleepiness scale in the identification of obstructive sleep apnea. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2008 May;196(5):429-31.Full text  Abstract

68. Sarafidis PA, Bakris GL. Resistant hypertension: an overview of evaluation and treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Nov 25;52(22):1749-57. Abstract

69. Gibson GJ. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: underestimated and undertreated. Br Med Bull. 2005 Mar 29:72:49-65.Full text  Abstract

70. American Academy of Sleep Medicine. The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events. Feb 2023 [internet publication].Full text

71. Erratum: evaluation and management of obesity hypoventilation syndrome. An official American Thoracic Society clinical practice guideline. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019 Nov 15;200(10):1326.Full text  Abstract

72. Mokhlesi B, Tulaimat A, Faibussowitsch I, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: prevalence and predictors in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Sleep Breath. 2007 Jun;11(2):117-24. Abstract

73. Sivam S, Yee B, Wong K, et al. Obesity hypoventilation syndrome: early detection of nocturnal-only hypercapnia in an obese population. J Clin Sleep Med. 2018 Sep 15;14(9):1477-84.Full text  Abstract

74. Gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: ACOG practice bulletin, number 222. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jun;135(6):e237-60. Abstract

75. Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, et al. The hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: ISSHP classification, diagnosis & management recommendations for international practice. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2018 Jul;13:291-310. Abstract

76. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. PLGF-based testing to help diagnose suspected preterm pre-eclampsia. Jul 2022 [internet publication].Full text

77. Duhig KE, Myers J, Seed PT, et al. Placental growth factor testing to assess women with suspected pre-eclampsia: a multicentre, pragmatic, stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2019 May 4;393(10183):1807-18.Full text  Abstract

78. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Hypertension in pregnancy: diagnosis and management. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text

79. Radbill B, Murphy B, LeRoith D. Rationale and strategies for early detection and management of diabetic kidney disease. Mayo Clin Proc. 2008 Dec;83(12):1373-81. Abstract

80. Adler JT, Meyer-Rochow GY, Chen H, et al. Pheochromocytoma: current approaches and future directions. Oncologist. 2008 Jul;13(7):779-93. Abstract

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82. Laragh JH. Renin profiling for diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment of hypertension. Kidney Int. 1993 Nov;44(5):1163-75. Abstract