Rheumatoid arthritis

References

Key articles

Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;73(7):1108-23.Full text  Abstract

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Full text

Smolen JS, Landewé RBM, Bergstra SA, eta al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):3-18 Epub 2022 Nov 10.Full text  Abstract

Reference articles

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21. Gravallese EM, Firestein GS. Rheumatoid arthritis - common origins, divergent mechanisms. N Engl J Med. 2023 Feb 9;388(6):529-42.Full text  Abstract

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26. Gibofsky A. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis: a Synopsis. Am J Manag Care. 2014 May;20(7 suppl):S128-35.Full text  Abstract

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28. Karlson EW, Chang SC, Cui J, et al. Gene-environment interaction between HLA-DRB1 shared epitope and heavy cigarette smoking in predicting incident rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Jan;69(1):54-60.Full text  Abstract

29. Too CL, Yahya A, Murad S, et al. Smoking interacts with HLA-DRB1 shared epitope in the development of anti-citrullinated protein antibody-positive rheumatoid arthritis: results from the Malaysian Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (MyEIRA). Arthritis Res Ther. 2012 Apr 26;14(2):R89.Full text  Abstract

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32. Deane KD, Demoruelle MK, Kelmenson LB, et al. Genetic and environmental risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2017 Sep 18;31(1):3-18.Full text  Abstract

33. Batool A, Vaithilingam RD, Mohamad Hassan NH, et al. Evaluating the potential of matrix metalloproteinase as a diagnostic biomarker in rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2023 Oct 13;102(41):e35340.Full text  Abstract

34. Jaśkiewicz Ł, Chmielewski G, Kuna J, et al. The role of sclerostin in rheumatic diseases: a review. J Clin Med. 2023 Sep 28;12(19).Full text  Abstract

35. Mao YM, Liao T, Ye QL, et al. Increased circulating sclerostin levels in rheumatoid arthritis patients: an updated meta-analysis. Z Rheumatol. 2023 Jan;82(suppl 1):51-8.Full text  Abstract

36. Bottazzi B, Inforzato A, Messa M, et al. The pentraxins PTX3 and SAP in innate immunity, regulation of inflammation and tissue remodelling. J Hepatol. 2016 Jun;64(6):1416-27.Full text  Abstract

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38. Guan SY, Chen Y, Shao M, et al. Increased circulating pentraxin 3 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis. Curr Pharm Des. 2022;28(27):2260-9.Full text  Abstract

39. Frisell T, Holmqvist M, Källberg H, et al. Familial risks and heritability of rheumatoid arthritis: role of rheumatoid factor/anti-citrullinated protein antibody status, number and type of affected relatives, sex, and age. Arthritis Rheum. 2013 Nov;65(11):2773-82.Full text  Abstract

40. Giri PS, Dwivedi M. Meta-analysis for association of interleukin 4 VNTR polymorphism with rheumatoid arthritis risk and severity. Biochem Genet. 2023 Jun;61(3):823-46.Full text  Abstract

41. Bagheri-Hosseinabadi Z, Imani D, Yousefi H, et al. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA): systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Dec;39(12):3555-69.Full text  Abstract

42. Zhu L, Chen P, Sun X, et al. Associations between polymorphisms in the IL-1 gene and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus: evidence from a meta-analysis. Int Arch Allergy Immunol. 2021;182(3):234-42.Full text  Abstract

43. Zhang X, Zhang X, Yang Y, et al. Association between passive smoking and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2023 Mar;42(3):663-72.Full text  Abstract

44. Rakieh C, Nam JL, Hunt L, et al. Predicting the development of clinical arthritis in anti-CCP positive individuals with non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms: a prospective observational cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Sep;74(9):1659-66. Abstract

45. Nam JL, Hunt L, Hensor EM, et al. Enriching case selection for imminent RA: the use of anti-CCP antibodies in individuals with new non-specific musculoskeletal symptoms - a cohort study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016 Aug;75(8):1452-6. Abstract

46. Cope AP, Jasenecova M, Vasconcelos JC, et al. Abatacept in individuals at high risk of rheumatoid arthritis (APIPPRA): a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, parallel, placebo-controlled, phase 2b clinical trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar 2;403(10429):838-49.Full text  Abstract

47. Rech J, Tascilar K, Hagen M, et al. Abatacept inhibits inflammation and onset of rheumatoid arthritis in individuals at high risk (ARIAA): a randomised, international, multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2024 Mar 2;403(10429):850-9.Full text  Abstract

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49. Fraenkel L, Bathon JM, England BR, et al. 2021 American College of Rheumatology guideline for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 Jul;73(7):1108-23.Full text  Abstract

50. National Rheumatoid Arthritis Society. What is RA? May 2019 [internet publication].Full text

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52. Goldbach-Mansky R, Lee J, McCoy A, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis associated autoantibodies in patients with synovitis of recent onset. Arthritis Res. 2000;2(3):236-43. Abstract

53. van Gaalen FA, Linn-Rasker SP, van Venrooij WJ, et al. Autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptides predict progression to rheumatoid arthritis in patients with undifferentiated arthritis: a prospective cohort study. Arthritis Rheum. 2004 Mar;50(3):709-15. Abstract

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55. Mohan C, Assassi S. Biomarkers in rheumatic diseases: how can they facilitate diagnosis and assessment of disease activity? BMJ. 2015 Nov 26;351:h5079. Abstract

56. Colebatch AN, Edwards CJ, Østergaard M, et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging of the joints in the clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013 Jun;72(6):804-14.Full text  Abstract

57. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria®: chronic extremity joint pain - suspected inflammatory arthritis. 2022 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

58. Takase-Minegishi K, Horita N, Kobayashi K, et al. Diagnostic test accuracy of ultrasound for synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2018 Jan 1;57(1):49-58.Full text  Abstract

59. Lage-Hansen PR, Lindegaard H, Chrysidis S, et al. The role of ultrasound in diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis, what do we know? An updated review. Rheumatol Int. 2017 Feb;37(2):179-87. Abstract

60. Freeston JE, Wakefield RJ, Conaghan PG, et al. A diagnostic algorithm for persistence of very early inflammatory arthritis: the utility of power Doppler ultrasound when added to conventional assessment tools. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010 Feb;69(2):417-9. [Erratum in: Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Aug;70(8):1519.] Abstract

61. Simpson E, Hock E, Stevenson M, et al. What is the added value of ultrasound joint examination for monitoring synovitis in rheumatoid arthritis and can it be used to guide treatment decisions? A systematic review and cost-effectiveness analysis. Health Technol Assess. 2018 Apr;22(20):1-258.Full text  Abstract

62. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Rheumatoid arthritis in adults: management. Oct 2020 [internet publication].Full text

63. van der Heijde DM, van 't Hof M, van Riel PL, et al. Development of a disease activity score based on judgment in clinical practice by rheumatologists. J Rheumatol. 1993 Mar;20(3):579-81. Abstract

64. Aletaha D, Smolen J. The Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) and the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI): a review of their usefulness and validity in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005 Sep-Oct;23(5 Suppl 39):S100-8. Abstract

65. Pincus T, Yazici Y, Bergman M, et al. A proposed approach to recognise "near-remission" quantitatively without formal joint counts or laboratory tests: a patient self-report questionnaire routine assessment of patient index data (RAPID) score as a guide to a "continuous quality improvement". Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2006 Nov-Dec;24(6 Suppl 43):S-60-5. Abstract

66. Anderson J, Caplan L, Yazdany J, et al. Rheumatoid arthritis disease activity measures: American College of Rheumatology recommendations for use in clinical practice. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012 May;64(5):640-7.Full text  Abstract

67. Goekoop-Ruiterman YP, de Vries-Bouwstra JK, Allaart CF, et al. Comparison of treatment strategies in early rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007 Mar 20;146(6):406-15. Abstract

68. Grigor C, Capell H, Stirling A, et al. Effect of a treatment strategy of tight control for rheumatoid arthritis (the TICORA study): a single-blind randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2004 Jul 17-23;364(9430):263-9. Abstract

69. Klarenbeek NB, Güler-Yüksel M, van der Kooij SM, et al. The impact of four dynamic, goal-steered treatment strategies on the 5-year outcomes of rheumatoid arthritis patients in the BeSt study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 Jun;70(6):1039-46. Abstract

70. Crowson CS, Matteson EL, Myasoedova E, et al. The lifetime risk of adult-onset rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Mar;63(3):633-9.Full text  Abstract

71. Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988 Mar;31(3):315-24.Full text  Abstract

72. Allen A, Carville S, McKenna F, et al. Diagnosis and management of rheumatoid arthritis in adults: summary of updated NICE guidance. BMJ. 2018 Aug 3;362:k3015. Abstract

73. Efthimiou P, Kontzias A, Hur P, et al. Adult-onset Still's disease in focus: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and unmet needs in the era of targeted therapies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2021 Aug;51(4):858-74.Full text  Abstract

74. Franchini S, Dagna L, Salvo F, et al. Adult onset Still's disease: clinical presentation in a large cohort of Italian patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2010 Jan-Feb;28(1):41-8.Full text  Abstract

75. Hu QY, Zeng T, Sun CY, et al. Clinical features and current treatments of adult-onset Still's disease: a multicentre survey of 517 patients in China. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2019 Nov-Dec;37 Suppl 121(6):52-7.Full text  Abstract

76. Liu Z, Lv X, Tang G. Clinical features and prognosis of adult-onset Still's disease: 75 cases from China. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2015;8(9):16634-9.Full text  Abstract

77. Riera E, Olivé A, Narváez J, et al. Adult onset Still's disease: review of 41 cases. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2011 Mar-Apr;29(2):331-6. Abstract

78. Zeng T, Zou YQ, Wu MF, et al. Clinical features and prognosis of adult-onset still's disease: 61 cases from China. J Rheumatol. 2009 May;36(5):1026-31.Full text  Abstract

79. Chen DY, Lan JL, Hsieh TY, et al. Clinical manifestations, disease course, and complications of adult-onset Still's disease in Taiwan. J Formos Med Assoc. 2004 Nov;103(11):844-52.Full text  Abstract

80. Giacomelli R, Ruscitti P, Shoenfeld Y. A comprehensive review on adult onset Still's disease. J Autoimmun. 2018 Sep;93:24-36.Full text  Abstract

81. Mitrovic S, Fautrel B. New Markers for Adult-Onset Still's Disease. Joint Bone Spine. 2018 May;85(3):285-93.Full text  Abstract

82. Vordenbäumen S, Feist E, Rech J, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adult-onset Still's disease: a concise summary of the German society of rheumatology S2 guideline. Z Rheumatol. 2023 Feb;82(suppl 2):81-92.Full text  Abstract

83. Rosenthal AK, Ryan LM. Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease. N Engl J Med. 2016 Jun 30;374(26):2575-84.Full text  Abstract

84. Tedeschi SK, Becce F, Pascart T, et al. Imaging features of calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease: consensus definitions from an international multidisciplinary working group. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Apr;75(4):825-34.Full text  Abstract

85. Nagy G, Roodenrijs NMT, Welsing PM, et al. EULAR definition of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021 Jan;80(1):31-5.Full text  Abstract

86. Felson DT, Smolen JS, Wells G, et al. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism provisional definition of remission in rheumatoid arthritis for clinical trials. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Mar;63(3):573-86.Full text  Abstract

87. Studenic P, Aletaha D, de Wit M, et al. American College of Rheumatology/EULAR remission criteria for rheumatoid arthritis: 2022 revision. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2023 Jan;75(1):15-22.Full text  Abstract

88. Smolen JS, Landewé RBM, Bergstra SA, eta al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Jan;82(1):3-18 Epub 2022 Nov 10.Full text  Abstract

89. Pincus T, Callahan LF. Taking mortality in rheumatoid arthritis seriously - predictive markers, socioeconomic status and comorbidity. J Rheumatol. 1986 Oct;13(5):841-5. Abstract

90. Curtis JR, Emery P, Karis E, et al. Etanercept or methotrexate withdrawal in rheumatoid arthritis patients in sustained remission. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2021 May;73(5):759-68.Full text  Abstract

91. Lillegraven S, Paulshus Sundlisæter N, Aga AB, et al. Effect of half-dose vs stable-dose conventional synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs on disease flares in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission: the ARCTIC REWIND randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2021 May 4;325(17):1755-64.Full text  Abstract

92. Meng CF, Rajesh DA, Jannat-Khah DP, et al. Can patients with controlled rheumatoid arthritis taper methotrexate from targeted therapy and sustain remission? a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Rheumatol. 2023 Jan;50(1):36-47.Full text  Abstract

93. Wang X, Tang Z, Huang T, et al. Withdrawal of MTX in rheumatoid arthritis patients on bDMARD/tsDMARD plus methotrexate at target: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2023 Apr 3;62(4):1410-6.Full text  Abstract

94. Vasconcelos LB, Silva MT, Galvao TF. Reduction of biologics in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Int. 2020 Dec;40(12):1949-59.Full text  Abstract

95. D Venson, LM Benhamou, Y Degboé​, et al. Impact of tapering targeted therapies (bDMARDs or JAKis) on the risk of serious infections and adverse events of special interest in patients with rheumatoid arthritis or spondyloarthritis: a systematic analysis of the literature and meta-analysis. Arthritis Research & Therapy. 2020 Apr 29;22(1):97.Full text

96. Lillegraven S, Paulshus Sundlisæter N, Aga AB, et al. Effect of tapered versus stable treatment with tumour necrosis factor inhibitors on disease flares in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in remission: a randomised, open label, non-inferiority trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023 Nov;82(11):1394-403.Full text  Abstract

97. Palmowski A, Pankow A, Terziyska K, et al. Continuing versus tapering low-dose glucocorticoids in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in states of low disease activity or remission: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2024 Feb;64:152349.Full text  Abstract

98. Xu J, Xiao L, Zhu J, et al. Methotrexate use reduces mortality risk in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2022 Aug;55:152031.Full text  Abstract

99. ter Wee MM, den Uyl D, Boers M, et al. Intensive combination treatment regimens, including prednisolone, are effective in treating patients with early rheumatoid arthritis regardless of additional etanercept: 1-year results of the COBRA-light open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1233-40. Abstract

100. Ota R, Hata T, Hirata A, et al. Risk of infection from glucocorticoid and methotrexate interaction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using biologics: a retrospective cohort study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023 Jul;89(7):2168-78.Full text  Abstract

101. Schiff MH, Jaffe JS, Freundlich B. Head-to-head, randomised, crossover study of oral versus subcutaneous methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: drug-exposure limitations of oral methotrexate at doses ≥15 mg may be overcome with subcutaneous administration. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Aug;73(8):1549-51.Full text  Abstract

102. van Vollenhoven RF, Ernestam S, Geborek P, et al. Addition of infliximab compared with addition of sulfasalazine and hydroxychloroquine to methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis (Swefot trial): 1-year results of a randomised trial. Lancet. 2009 Aug 8;374(9688):459-66. Abstract

103. Bijlsma JW, Welsing PM, Woodworth TG, et al. Early rheumatoid arthritis treated with tocilizumab, methotrexate, or their combination (U-Act-Early): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, double-dummy, strategy trial. Lancet. 2016 Jul 23;388(10042):343-55. Abstract

104. Burmester GR, Kivitz AJ, Kupper H, et al. Efficacy and safety of ascending methotrexate dose in combination with adalimumab: the randomised CONCERTO trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1037-44.Full text  Abstract

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106. Serhal L, Edwards CJ. Upadacitinib for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2018 Nov 19;15(1):13-25. Abstract

107. Tarp S, Jørgensen TS, Furst DE, et al. Added value of combining methotrexate with a biological agent compared to biological monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2019 Jun;48(6):958-66.Full text  Abstract

108. Lend K, Koopman FA, Lampa J, et al. Methotrexate safety and efficacy in combination therapies in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2024 Mar;76(3):363-76.Full text  Abstract

109. Nayebirad S, Javinani A, Javadi M, et al. The effect of smoking on response to methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mod Rheumatol. 2023 Dec 22;34(1):68-78.Full text  Abstract

110. Lee YH, Bae SC. Efficacy and safety of methotrexate plus certolizumab pegol or placebo in active rheumatoid arthritis: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Z Rheumatol. 2017 Aug;76(6):528-34. Abstract

111. Schmitz S, Adams R, Walsh CD, et al. A mixed treatment comparison of the efficacy of anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis for methotrexate non-responders demonstrates differences between treatments: a Bayesian approach. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012 Feb;71(2):225-30. Abstract

112. Murray E, Ellis A, Butylkova Y, et al. Systematic review and network meta-analysis: effect of biologics on radiographic progression in rheumatoid arthritis. J Comp Eff Res. 2018 Oct;7(10):959-74.Full text  Abstract

113. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab and abatacept for treating moderate rheumatoid arthritis after conventional DMARDs have failed. Jul 2021 [internet publication].Full text

114. Ji X, Hu L, Wang Y, et al. Risk of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with biological and targeted drugs: meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Chin Med J (Engl). 2022 Jan 12;135(4):409-15.Full text  Abstract

115. Michaud TL, Rho YH, Shamliyan T, et al. The comparative safety of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis update of 44 trials. Am J Med. 2014 Dec;127(12):1208-32. Abstract

116. Ramiro S, Sepriano A, Chatzidionysiou K, et al. Safety of synthetic and biological DMARDs: a systematic literature review informing the 2016 update of the EULAR recommendations for management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017 Jun;76(6):1101-36.Full text  Abstract

117. Thompson AE, Rieder SW, Pope JE. Tumor necrosis factor therapy and the risk of serious infection and malignancy in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arthritis Rheum. 2011 Jun;63(6):1479-85.Full text  Abstract

118. Mercer LK, Lunt M, Low AL, et al. Risk of solid cancer in patients exposed to anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy: results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015 Jun;74(6):1087-93.Full text  Abstract

119. Bonovas S, Minozzi S, Lytras T, et al. Risk of malignancies using anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2016 Dec;15(sup1):35-54. Abstract

120. Wetzman A, Lukas C, Gaujoux-Viala C, et al. Risk of cancer after initiation of targeted therapies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a prior cancer: systematic review with meta-analysis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2023 Feb;75(2):260-71.Full text  Abstract

121. Xie W, Xiao S, Huang Y, et al. A meta-analysis of biologic therapies on risk of new or recurrent cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and a prior malignancy. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2020 May 1;59(5):930-9.Full text  Abstract

122. Wang JL, Yin WJ, Zhou LY, et al. Risk of non-melanoma skin cancer for rheumatoid arthritis patients receiving TNF antagonist: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol. 2020 Mar;39(3):769-78.Full text  Abstract

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