Rib fractures

American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: rib fractures. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

Kasotakis G, Hasenboehler EA, Streib EW, et al. Operative fixation of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Mar;82(3):618-26.Full text  Abstract

Pieracci FM, Majercik S, Ali-Osman F, et al. Consensus statement: surgical stabilization of rib fractures rib fracture colloquium clinical practice guidelines. Injury. 2017 Feb;48(2):307-21. Abstract

1. Sharma OP, Oswanski MF, Jolly S, et al. Perils of rib fractures. Am Surg. 2008 Apr;74(4):310-4. Abstract

2. Bulloch B, Schubert CJ, Brophy PD, et al. Cause and clinical characteristics of rib fractures in infants. Pediatrics. 2000 Apr;105(4):E48.Full text  Abstract

3. Paine CW, Fakeye O, Christian CW, et al. Prevalence of Abuse Among Young Children With Rib Fractures: A Systematic Review. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2019 Feb;35(2):96-103. Abstract

4. Siris ES, Brenneman SK, Barrett-Connor E, et al. The effect of age and bone mineral density on the absolute, excess, and relative risk of fracture in postmenopausal women aged 50-99: results from the National Osteoporosis Risk Assessment (NORA). Osteoporos Int. 2006;17(4):565-74. Abstract

5. Palvanen M, Kannus P, Niemi S, et al. Epidemiology of minimal trauma rib fractures in the elderly. Calcif Tissue Int. 1998 Mar;62(3):274-7. Abstract

6. Holcomb JB, McMullin NR, Kozar RA, et al. Morbidity from rib fractures increases after age 45. J Am Coll Surg. 2003 Apr;196(4):549-55. Abstract

7. Marini CP, Petrone P, Soto-Sánchez A, et al. Predictors of mortality in patients with rib fractures. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2021 Oct;47(5):1527-34.Full text  Abstract

8. Sirmali M, Türüt H, Topçu S, et al. A comprehensive analysis of traumatic rib fractures: morbidity, mortality and management. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Jul;24(1):133-8.Full text  Abstract

9. Keel M, Meier C. Chest injuries - what is new? Curr Opin Crit Care. 2007 Dec;13(6):674-9. Abstract

10. Liman ST, Kuzucu A, Tastepe AI, et al. Chest injury due to blunt trauma. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2003 Mar;23(3):374-8.Full text  Abstract

11. Pettiford BL, Luketich JD, Landreneau RJ. The management of flail chest. Thorac Surg Clin. 2007 Feb;17(1):25-33. Abstract

12. Hoke RS, Chamberlain D. Skeletal chest injuries secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2004 Dec;63(3):327-38. Abstract

13. Kim EY, Yang HJ, Sung YM, et al. Multidetector CT findings of skeletal chest injuries secondary to cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Resuscitation. 2011 Jun 12;82(10):1285-8. Abstract

14. Kemp AM, Dunstan F, Harrison S, et al. Patterns of skeletal fractures in child abuse: systematic review. BMJ. 2008 Oct 2;337:a1518.Full text  Abstract

15. Xu DL, Zhang XT, Wang GH, et al. Clinical features of pathologically confirmed metastatic bone tumors: a report of 390 cases [in Chinese]. Ai Zheng. 2005 Nov;24(11):1404-7. Abstract

16. Aydoğdu K, Findik G, Agackiran Y, et al. Primary tumors of the ribs; experience with 78 patients. Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2009 Aug;9(2):251-4.Full text  Abstract

17. Muñoz-Bermúdez R, Abella E, Zuccarino F, et al. Successfully non-surgical management of flail chest as first manifestation of multiple myeloma: a case report. World J Crit Care Med. 2019 Sep 11;8(5):82-6.Full text  Abstract

18. Dragoni S, Giombini A, Di Cesare A, et al. Stress fractures of the ribs in elite competitive rowers: a report of nine cases. Skeletal Radiol. 2007 Oct;36(10):951-4. Abstract

19. Kawahara H, Baba H, Wada M, et al. Multiple rib fractures associated with severe coughing--a case report. Int Orthop. 1997;21(4):279-81.Full text  Abstract

20. Low S, Kern M, Atanda A. First-rib stress fracture in two adolescent swimmers: a case report. J Sports Sci. 2015 Nov 5;34(13):1266-70. Abstract

21. Gerrie BJ, Harris JD, Lintner DM, et al. Lower thoracic rib stress fractures in baseball pitchers. Phys Sportsmed. 2015 Nov 26;44(1):93-6. Abstract

22. Smoljanović T, Bojanić I, Troha I, et al. Rib stress fractures in rowers: three case reports and review of literature [in Croatian]. Lijec Vjesn. 2007 Oct-Nov;129(10-11):327-32. Abstract

23. Gupta A, Jamshidi M, Rubin JR. Traumatic first rib fracture: is angiography necessary? A review of 730 cases. Cardiovasc Surg. 1997 Feb;5(1):48-53. Abstract

24. Fermanis GG, Deane SA, Fitzgerald PM. The significance of first and second rib fractures. Aust N Z J Surg. 1985 Aug;55(4):383-6. Abstract

25. Poole GV. Fracture of the upper ribs and injury to the great vessels. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1989 Sep;169(3):275-82. Abstract

26. Davoodabadi A, Mosavibioki N, Mashayekhil M, et al. Correlation of rib fracture patterns with abdominal solid organ injury: a retrospective observational cohort study. Chin J Traumatol. 2022 Jan;25(1):45-8.Full text  Abstract

27. Brasel KJ, Moore EE, Albrecht RA, et al. Western trauma association critical decisions in trauma: management of rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Jan;82(1):200-3. Abstract

28. Kralj E, Podbregar M, Kejžar N, et al. Frequency and number of resuscitation related rib and sternum fractures are higher than generally considered. Resuscitation. 2015 Aug;93:136-41.Full text  Abstract

29. Bensen R, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, et al. Evaluation of easily measured risk factors in the prediction of osteoporotic fractures. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2005 Sep 5;6:47.Full text  Abstract

30. Kent R, Woods W, Bostrom O. Fatality risk and the presence of rib fractures. Annu Proc Assoc Adv Automot Med. 2008 Oct;52:73-82. Abstract

31. Ziegler DW, Agarwal NN. The morbidity and mortality of rib fractures. J Trauma. 1994 Dec;37(6):975-9. Abstract

32. Athanassiadi K, Gerazounis M, Theakos N. Management of 150 flail chest injuries: analysis of risk factors affecting outcome. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2004 Aug;26(2):373-6.Full text  Abstract

33. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: rib fractures. 2018 [internet publication].Full text

34. American College of Surgeons; Trauma Quality Improvement Program. Best practices guidelines in imaging. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text

35. Livingston DH, Shogan B, John P, et al. CT diagnosis of rib fractures and the prediction of acute respiratory failure. J Trauma. 2008 Apr;64(4):905-11. Abstract

36. Guerrero-López F, Vázquez-Mata G, Alcázar-Romero PP, et al. Evaluation of the utility of computed tomography in the initial assessment of the critical care patient with chest trauma. Crit Care Med. 2000 May;28(5):1370-5. Abstract

37. American Academy of Pediatrics - Section on Orthopaedics and the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society of North America. Five things physicians and patients should question. Choosing Wisely, an initiative of the ABIM Foundation. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

38. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Major trauma: assessment and initial management. Feb 2016 [internet publication].Full text

39. Hurley ME, Keye GD, Hamilton S. Is ultrasound really helpful in the detection of rib fractures? Injury. 2004 Jun;35(6):562-6. Abstract

40. Stengel D, Leisterer J, Ferrada P, et al. Point-of-care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Dec 12;12(12):CD012669.Full text  Abstract

41. American College of Radiology. ACR Appropriateness Criteria. Suspected Physical Abuse-Child. 2016 [internet publication].Full text

42. Kim W, Song J, Moon S, et al. Characteristics of rib fracture patients who require chest computed tomography in the emergency department. BMC Emerg Med. 2023 Mar 22;23(1):33.Full text  Abstract

43. Brasel KJ, Moore EE, Albrecht RA, et al. Western Trauma Association Critical Decisions in Trauma: Management of rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Jan;82(1):200-203. Abstract

44. Battle C, Pelo C, Hsu J, et al. Expert consensus guidance on respiratory physiotherapy and rehabilitation of patients with rib fractures: an international, multidisciplinary e-Delphi study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Apr 1;94(4):578-83.Full text  Abstract

45. Kishawi SK, Ho VP, Bachman KC, et al. Are we underestimating the morbidity of single rib fractures? J Surg Res. 2021 Dec;268:174-80.Full text  Abstract

46. Reeder MT, Dick BH, Atkins JK, et al. Stress fractures: current concepts of diagnosis and treatment. Sports Med. 1996 Sep;22(3):198-212. Abstract

47. Karmakar MK, Ho AM. Acute pain management of patients with multiple fractured ribs. J Trauma. 2003 Mar;54(3):615-25. Abstract

48. Burton SW, Riojas C, Gesin G, et al. Multimodal analgesia reduces opioid requirements in trauma patients with rib fractures. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022 Mar 1;92(3):588-96.Full text  Abstract

49. Martin TJ, Eltorai AS, Dunn R, et al. Clinical management of rib fractures and methods for prevention of pulmonary complications: a review. Injury. 2019 Jun;50(6):1159-65. Abstract

50. Oncel M, Sencan S, Yildiz H, et al. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation for pain management in patients with uncomplicated minor rib fractures. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002 Jul;22(1):13-7.Full text  Abstract

51. Carrier FM, Turgeon AF, Nicole PC, et al. Effect of epidural analgesia in patients with traumatic rib fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Can J Anaesth. 2009 Mar;56(3):230-42. Abstract

52. Peek J, Smeeing DPJ, Hietbrink F, et al. Comparison of analgesic interventions for traumatic rib fractures: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2018 Feb 6;45(4):597-622.Full text  Abstract

53. Mukherjee K, Schubl SD, Tominaga G, et al. Non-surgical management and analgesia strategies for older adults with multiple rib fractures: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and joint practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma and the Chest Wall Injury Society. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2023 Mar 1;94(3):398-407. Abstract

54. Chest trauma. In: Hess DR, Kacmarek RM, eds. Essentials of mechanical ventilation. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

55. Simon B, Ebert J, Bokhari F, et al; Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Management of pulmonary contusion and flail chest: an Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma practice management guideline. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2012 Nov;73(5 Suppl 4):S351-61.Full text  Abstract

56. Leinicke JA, Elmore L, Freeman BD, et al. Operative management of rib fractures in the setting of flail chest: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Surg. 2013 Dec;258(6):914-21. Abstract

57. Marasco SF, Davies AR, Cooper J, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial of operative rib fixation in traumatic flail chest. J Am Coll Surg. 2013 May;216(5):924-32. Abstract

58. Kasotakis G, Hasenboehler EA, Streib EW, et al. Operative fixation of rib fractures after blunt trauma: a practice management guideline from the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2017 Mar;82(3):618-26.Full text  Abstract

59. Pieracci FM, Majercik S, Ali-Osman F, et al. Consensus statement: surgical stabilization of rib fractures rib fracture colloquium clinical practice guidelines. Injury. 2017 Feb;48(2):307-21. Abstract

60. Lucena-Amaro S, Cole E, Zolfaghari P. Long term outcomes following rib fracture fixation in patients with major chest trauma. Injury. 2022 Sep;53(9):2947-52. Abstract

61. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Insertion of metal rib reinforcements to stabilise a flail chest wall. October 2010. [internet publication].Full text

62. Wang Z, Jia Y, Li M. The effectiveness of early surgical stabilization for multiple rib fractures: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. J Cardiothorac Surg. 2023 Apr 10;18(1):118.Full text  Abstract

63. Nakitende D, Gottlieb M, Ruskis J, et al. Ultrasound for confirmation of thoracostomy tube placement by emergency medicine residents. Trauma (United Kingdom). 2015;19(1):35‐8.

64. Asciak R, Bedawi EO, Bhatnagar R, et al. British Thoracic Society clinical statement on pleural procedures. Thorax. 2023 Jul;78(suppl 3):s43-68.Full text  Abstract

65. Jenkins JA, Gharahbaghian L, Doniger SJ, et al. Sonographic identification of tube thoracostomy study (SITTS): confirmation of intrathoracic placement. West J Emerg Med. 2012 Sep;13(4):305-11.Full text  Abstract

66. Bulger EM, Arneson MA, Mock CN, et al. Rib fractures in the elderly. J Trauma.2000 Jun;48(6):1040-6. Abstract

67. Testerman GM. Adverse outcomes in younger rib fracture patients. South Med J. 2006 Apr;99(4):335-9. Abstract

68. Brasel KJ, Guse CE, Layde P, et al. Rib fractures: relationship with pneumonia and mortality. Crit Care Med. 2006 Jun;34(6):1642-6. Abstract

69. Kerr-Valentic MA, Arthur M, Mullins RJ, et al. Rib fracture pain and disability: can we do better? J Trauma. 2003 Jun;54(6):1058-63 Abstract

70. Marasco S, Lee G, Summerhayes R, et al. Quality of life after major trauma with multiple rib fractures. Injury. 2014 Jun 21;46(1):61-5. Abstract

71. Prunet B, Bourenne J, David JS, et al. Patterns of invasive mechanical ventilation in patients with severe blunt chest trauma and lung contusion: A French multicentric evaluation of practices. J Intensive Care Soc. 2018 Apr 3;20(1):46-52.Full text  Abstract

72. Ho ML, Gutierrez FR. Chest radiography in thoracic polytrauma. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2009 Mar;192(3):599-612.Full text  Abstract

73. Zuidem W. Angle stable plate osteosynthesis for non-union of rib fractures. 2007. [internet publication].Full text

74. British Orthopaedic Association. British Orthopaedic Association standards for trauma (BOASTs): rehabilitation and communication with trauma patients. Aug 2016 [internet publication].Full text