Optic neuritis

Petzold A, Fraser CL, Abegg M, et al. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Dec;21(12):1120-34. Abstract

American Academy of Ophthalmology. Optic neuritis - 2012. Jul 2012 [internet publication].Full text

Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 27;326(9):581-8. Abstract

Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Feb;17(2):162-73.Full text  Abstract

Sellner J, Boggild M, Clanet M, et al. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17(8):1019-32.Full text  Abstract

Gal RL, Vedula SS, Beck R. Corticosteroids for treating optic neuritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 14;(8):CD001430.Full text  Abstract

1. Ebers GC. Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1985 Jul;42(7):702-4. Abstract

2. Optic Neuritis Study Group. The clinical profile of optic neuritis: experience of the Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 1991 Dec;109(12):1673-8. Abstract

3. Petzold A, Fraser CL, Abegg M, et al. Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis. Lancet Neurol. 2022 Dec;21(12):1120-34. Abstract

4. Jin YP, de Pedro-Cuesta J, Soderstrom M, et al. Incidence of optic neuritis in Stockholm, Sweden 1990-1995: I. Age, sex, birth and ethnic-group related patterns. J Neurol Sci. 1998 Jul 15;159(1):107-14. Abstract

5. Gu W, Tagg NT, Panchal NL, et al. Incidence of optic neuritis and the associated risk of multiple sclerosis for service members of U.S. Armed Forces. Mil Med. 2023 Mar 20;188(3-4):e697-702.Full text  Abstract

6. Phillips PH, Newman NJ, Lynn MJ. Optic neuritis in African Americans. Arch Neurol. 1998 Feb;55(2):186-92.Full text  Abstract

7. Braithwaite T, Subramanian A, Petzold A, et al. Trends in optic neuritis incidence and prevalence in the UK and association with systemic and neurologic disease. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Dec 1;77(12):1514-23.Full text  Abstract

8. Ascherio A, Munger KL. Environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Part I: the role of infection. Ann Neurol. 2007 Apr;61(4):288-99. Abstract

9. Sospedra M, Martin R. Immunology of multiple sclerosis. Annu Rev Immunol. 2005 April 23;23:683-747. Abstract

10. Kalman B, Laitinen K, Komoly S. The involvement of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol. 2007 Aug;188(1-2):1-12. Abstract

11. Bosley TM, Constantinescu CS, Tench CR, et al. Mitochondrial changes in leukocytes of patients with optic neuritis. Mol Vis. 2007 Aug 29;13:1516-28.Full text  Abstract

12. American Academy of Ophthalmology. Optic neuritis - 2012. Jul 2012 [internet publication].Full text

13. Lunemann JD, Munz C. Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2007 May;7(3):253-8. Abstract

14. Sheik-Ali S. Infectious mononucleosis and multiple sclerosis - updated review on associated risk. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 May;14:56-9. Abstract

15. Pierrot-Deseilligny C, Souberbielle JC. Vitamin D and multiple sclerosis: an update. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2017 May;14:35-45. Abstract

16. Rosso M, Chitnis T. Association between cigarette smoking and multiple sclerosis: a review. JAMA Neurol. 2020 Feb 1;77(2):245-53. Abstract

17. Edwards LJ, Constantinescu CS. A prospective study of conditions associated with multiple sclerosis in a cohort of 658 consecutive outpatients attending a multiple sclerosis clinic. Mult Scler. 2004 Oct;10(5):575-81. Abstract

18. Bach JF. The effect of infections on susceptibility to autoimmune and allergic diseases. N Engl J Med. 2002 Sep 19;347(12):911-20. Abstract

19. Petzold A, Plant GT. Chronic relapsing inflammatory optic neuropathy: a systematic review of 122 cases reported. J Neurol. 2014 Jan;261(1):17-26. Abstract

20. Beck RW, Cleary PA, Anderson MM Jr, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of corticosteroids in the treatment of acute optic neuritis. The Optic Neuritis Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1992 Feb 27;326(9):581-8. Abstract

21. Fernández-Lázaro D, Fiandor EM, García JF, et al. β-alanine supplementation in combat sports: evaluation of sports performance, perception, and anthropometric parameters and biochemical markers - a systematic review of clinical trials. Nutrients. 2023 Aug 28;15(17):3755.Full text  Abstract

22. Miller DH, Newton MR, van der Poel JC, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve in optic neuritis. Neurology. 1988 Feb;38(2):175-9. Abstract

23. Frederiksen JL, Petrera J. Serial visual evoked potentials in 90 untreated patients with acute optic neuritis. Surv Ophthalmol. 1999 Oct;44 Suppl 1:S54-62. Abstract

24. Hood DC, Odel JG, Zhang X. Tracking the recovery of local optic nerve function after optic neuritis: a multifocal VEP study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Nov;41(12):4032-8.Full text  Abstract

25. Skov AG, Skov T, Frederiksen JL. Oligoclonal bands predict multiple sclerosis after optic neuritis: a literature survey. Mult Scler. 2011 Apr;17(4):404-10. Abstract

26. Rolak LA, Beck RW, Paty DW, et al. Cerebrospinal fluid in acute optic neuritis: experience of the optic neuritis treatment trial. Neurology. 1996 Feb;46(2):368-72. Abstract

27. Thompson AJ, Banwell BL, Barkhof F, et al. Diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: 2017 revisions of the McDonald criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2018 Feb;17(2):162-73.Full text  Abstract

28. Trip SA, Schlottmann PG, Jones SJ, et al. Retinal nerve fiber layer axonal loss and visual dysfunction in optic neuritis. Ann Neurol. 2005 Sep;58(3):383-91. Abstract

29. Petzold A, Balcer LJ, Calabresi PA, et al. Retinal layer segmentation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Oct;16(10):797-812.Full text  Abstract

30. Sellner J, Boggild M, Clanet M, et al. EFNS guidelines on diagnosis and management of neuromyelitis optica. Eur J Neurol. 2010 Aug;17(8):1019-32.Full text  Abstract

31. Lennon VA, Wingerchuk DM, Kryzer TJ, et al. A serum autoantibody marker of neuromyelitis optica: distinction from multiple sclerosis. Lancet. 2004 Dec 11-17;364(9451):2106-12. Abstract

32. Ramanathan S, Mohammad S, Tantsis E, et al. Clinical course, therapeutic responses and outcomes in relapsing MOG antibody-associated demyelination. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Feb;89(2):127-37.Full text  Abstract

33. Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, et al. Diagnosis of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: International MOGAD Panel proposed criteria. Lancet Neurol. 2023 Mar;22(3):268-82. Abstract

34. Knapp CM, Constantinescu CS, Tan JH, et al. Serum uric acid levels in optic neuritis. Mult Scler. 2004 Jun;10(3):278-80. Abstract

35. Constantinescu CS, Goodman DB, Grossman RI, et al. Serum angiotensin-converting enzyme in multiple sclerosis. Arch Neurol. 1997;54:1012-1015. Abstract

36. Nashi RA, Shmerling RH. Antinuclear antibody testing for the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2022 May;48(2):569-78. Abstract

37. Harding AE, Sweeney MG, Miller DH, et al. Occurrence of a multiple sclerosis-like illness in women who have a Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy mitochondrial DNA mutation. Brain. 1992 Aug;115(Pt 4):979-89. Abstract

38. Poser CM, Paty DW, Scheinberg L, et al. New diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines for research protocols. Ann Neurol. 1983 Mar;13(3):227-31. Abstract

39. McDonald WI, Compston A, Edan G, et al. Recommended diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: guidelines from the International Panel on the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2001 Jul;50(1):121-7. Abstract

40. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Edan G, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2005 revisions to the "McDonald Criteria". Ann Neurol. 2005 Dec;58(6):840-6.Full text  Abstract

41. Polman CH, Reingold SC, Banwell B, et al. Diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis: 2010 revisions to the McDonald criteria. Ann Neurol. 2011 Feb;69(2):292-302.Full text  Abstract

42. Wingerchuk DM, Lennon VA, Pittock SJ, et al. Revised diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica. Neurology. 2006 May 23;66(10):1485-9. Abstract

43. Tintore M, Rovira A. MRI criteria distinguishing seropositive NMO spectrum disorder from MS. Neurology. 2013 Apr 2;80(14):1336. Abstract

44. Wingerchuk DM, Banwell B, Bennett JL, et al. International consensus diagnostic criteria for neuromyelitis optica spectrum. Neurology. 2015 Jul 14;85(2):177-89.Full text  Abstract

45. Gal RL, Vedula SS, Beck R. Corticosteroids for treating optic neuritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Aug 14;(8):CD001430.Full text  Abstract

46. Perumal JS, Caon C, Hreha S, et al. Oral prednisone taper following intravenous steroids fails to improve disability or recovery from relapses in multiple sclerosis. Eur J Neurol. 2008 Jul;15(7):677-80. Abstract

47. Le Page E, Veillard D, Laplaud DA, et al; COPOUSEP investigators; West Network for Excellence in Neuroscience. Oral versus intravenous high-dose methylprednisolone for treatment of relapses in patients with multiple sclerosis (COPOUSEP): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, non-inferiority trial. Lancet. 2015 Sep 5;386(9997):974-81.Full text  Abstract

48. Morrow SA, Fraser JA, Day C, et al. Effect of treating acute optic neuritis with bioequivalent oral vs intravenous corticosteroids: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2018 Jun 1;75(6):690-6.Full text  Abstract

49. Petzold A, Braithwaite T, van Oosten BW, et al. Case for a new corticosteroid treatment trial in optic neuritis: review of updated evidence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020 Jan;91(1):9-14.Full text  Abstract

50. Srisupa-Olan T, Siritho S, Kittisares K, et al. Beneficial effect of plasma exchange in acute attack of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2018 Feb;20:115-21. Abstract

51. Abboud H, Petrak A, Mealy M, et al. Treatment of acute relapses in neuromyelitis optica: steroids alone versus steroids plus plasma exchange. Mult Scler. 2016 Feb;22(2):185-92.Full text  Abstract

52. Bonnan M, Valentino R, Debeugny S, et al. Short delay to initiate plasma exchange is the strongest predictor of outcome in severe attacks of NMO spectrum disorders. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2018 Apr;89(4):346-51. Abstract

53. Kleiter I, Gahlen A, Borisow N, et al. Apheresis therapies for NMOSD attacks: a retrospective study of 207 therapeutic interventions. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2018 Nov;5(6):e504.Full text  Abstract

54. Deschamps R, Gueguen A, Parquet N, et al. Plasma exchange response in 34 patients with severe optic neuritis. J Neurol. 2016 May;263(5):883-7. Abstract

55. Mason MC, Marotta DA, Kesserwani H. Steroid-resistant double-seronegative optic neuritis responds favorably to plasma exchange. Cureus. 2021 May 26;13(5):e15260.Full text  Abstract

56. Chen JJ, Flanagan EP, Pittock SJ, et al. Visual outcomes following plasma exchange for optic neuritis: an international multicenter retrospective analysis of 395 pptic neuritis attacks. Am J Ophthalmol. 2023 Aug;252:213-24.Full text  Abstract

57. Mimura O, Ishikawa H, Kezuka T, et al. Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment for steroid-resistant optic neuritis: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, controlled phase III study. Jpn J Ophthalmol. 2021 Jan;65(1):122-32.Full text  Abstract

58. Pittock SJ, Berthele A, Fujihara K, et al. Eculizumab in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med. 2019 Aug 15;381(7):614-25.Full text  Abstract

59. Aktas O, Albrecht P, Hartung HP. Optic neuritis as a phase 2 paradigm for neuroprotection therapies of multiple sclerosis: update on current trials and perspectives. Curr Opin Neurol. 2016 Jun;29(3):199-204.Full text  Abstract

60. McKee JB, Cottriall CL, Elston J, et al. Amiloride does not protect retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in optic neuritis in a phase 2 randomised controlled trial. Mult Scler. 2019 Feb;25(2):246-55. Abstract

61. Raftopoulos R, Hickman SJ, Toosy A, et al. Phenytoin for neuroprotection in patients with acute optic neuritis: a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2016 Mar;15(3):259-69. Abstract

62. Cadavid D, Balcer L, Galetta S, et al. Safety and efficacy of opicinumab in acute optic neuritis (RENEW): a randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2017 Mar;16(3):189-199.Full text  Abstract

63. Green AJ, Gelfand JM, Cree BA, et al. Clemastine fumarate as a remyelinating therapy for multiple sclerosis (ReBUILD): a randomised, controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. Lancet. 2017 Dec 2;390(10111):2481-2489.Full text  Abstract

64. Levy M, Fujihara K, Palace J. New therapies for neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Lancet Neurol. 2021 Jan;20(1):60-67.Full text  Abstract

65. Cree BAC, Bennett JL, Kim HJ, et al. Inebilizumab for the treatment of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (N-MOmentum): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled phase 2/3 trial. Lancet. 2019 Oct 12;394(10206):1352-63. Abstract

66. Tahara M, Oeda T, Okada K, et al. Safety and efficacy of rituximab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (RIN-1 study): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 Apr;19(4):298-306.Full text  Abstract

67. Yamamura T, Kleiter I, Fujihara K, et al. Trial of satralizumab in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2114-24. Abstract

68. Traboulsee A, Greenberg BM, Bennett JL, et al. Safety and efficacy of satralizumab monotherapy in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a randomised, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):402-412.Full text  Abstract

69. Zhang C, Zhang M, Qiu W, et al. Safety and efficacy of tocilizumab versus azathioprine in highly relapsing neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (TANGO): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2020 May;19(5):391-401.Full text  Abstract

70. Pittock SJ, Barnett M, Bennett JL, et al. Ravulizumab in aquaporin-4-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. Ann Neurol. 2023 Jun;93(6):1053-68.Full text  Abstract

71. Optic Neuritis Study Group. Multiple sclerosis risk after optic neuritis: final Optic Neuritis Treatment Trial follow-up. Arch Neurol. 2008 Jun;65(6):727-32.Full text  Abstract

72. Beck RW, Gal RL. Treatment of acute optic neuritis: a summary of findings from the optic neuritis treatment trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Jul;126(7):994-5. Abstract

73. Tanasescu R, Ionete C, Chou IJ, et al. Advances in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Biomed J. 2014 Mar-Apr;37(2):41-9. Abstract

74. Jacobs LD, Beck RW, Simon JH, et al. Intramuscular interferon beta-1a therapy initiated during a first demyelinating event in multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med. 2000 Sep 28;343(13):898-904.Full text  Abstract

75. Comi G, Filippi M, Barkhof F, et al. Effect of early interferon treatment on conversion to definite multiple sclerosis: a randomized study. Lancet. 2001 May 19;357(9268):1576-82. Abstract

76. Kappos L, Polman CH, Freedman MS, et al. Treatment with interferon beta-1b delays conversion to clinically definite and McDonald MS in patients with clinically isolated syndromes. Neurology. 2006 Oct 10;67(7):1242-9. Abstract

77. Comi G. Early treatment with glatiramer acetate demonstrated robust protection against progression to CDMS. Presentation at: American Association of Neurology meeting, 12-19 April 2008, Chicago, USA.