Eye trauma

Kuhn F, Mester V, Berta A, et al. Epidemiology of severe eye injuries: the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) and the Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR) [in German]. Ophthalmologe. 1998 May;95(5):332-43. Abstract

Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD. Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT): terminology and classification of mechanical eye injuries. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;15(2):139-43. Abstract

MacEwen CJ. Ocular injuries. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1999 Oct;44(5):317-23. Abstract

The College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines: sub-tarsal foreign body (STFB); trauma (blunt); trauma (chemical); trauma (penetrating) [internet publication].Full text

American Academy of Ophthalmology​. Policy statement: referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Full text

1. Kuhn F, Mester V, Berta A, et al. Epidemiology of severe eye injuries: the United States Eye Injury Registry (USEIR) and the Hungarian Eye Injury Registry (HEIR) [in German]. Ophthalmologe. 1998 May;95(5):332-43. Abstract

2. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD. Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology (BETT): terminology and classification of mechanical eye injuries. Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 2002 Jun;15(2):139-43. Abstract

3. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon CD, et al. The Birmingham Eye Trauma Terminology system (BETT). J Fr Ophtalmol. 2004 Feb;27(2):206-10. Abstract

4. Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998 Sep;5(3):143-69. Abstract

5. Swain T, McGwin G Jr. The prevalence of eye injury in the United States, estimates from a meta-analysis. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 2020 Jun;27(3):186-93. Abstract

6. Maltzman BA, Pruzon H, Mund ML. A survey of ocular trauma. Surv Ophthalmol. 1976 Nov-Dec;21(3):285-90. Abstract

7. Desai P, MacEwen CJ, Baines P, et al. Epidemiology and implications of ocular trauma admitted to the hospital in Scotland. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996 Aug;50(4):436-41.Full text  Abstract

8. Briner AM. Penetrating eye injuries associated with motor vehicles accidents. Med J Aust. 1976 Jun 12;1(24):912-4. Abstract

9. Usmani B, Latif A, Iftikhar M, et al. Eye trauma in falls presenting to the emergency department from 2006 through 2015. Br J Ophthalmol. 2021 Feb;105(2):198-204. Abstract

10. Katz J, Tielsch JM. Lifetime prevalence of ocular injuries from Baltimore eye survey. Arch Ophthalmol. 1993 Nov;111(11):1564-8. Abstract

11. Tomaiuolo M, Woreta FA, Li A, et al. Open-globe injury repairs in the American Academy of Ophthalmology IRIS® registry 2014 through 2018: incidence, risk factors, and visual outcomes. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar 15;S0161-6420(23)00154-9. Abstract

12. Channa R, Zafar SN, Canner JK, et al. Epidemiology of eye-related emergency department visits. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2016 Mar;134(3):312-9.Full text  Abstract

13. Cole MD, Clearkin L, Dabbs T, et al. The seat belt law and after. Br J Ophthalmol. 1987 Jun;71(6):436-40.Full text  Abstract

14. Kuhn F, Morris R, Witherspoon C. Eye injury and the air bag. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1995 Jun;6(3):38-44. Abstract

15. Lee WB, O'Halloran HS, Pearson PA, et al. Airbags and bilateral eye injury: five case reports and a review of the literature. J Emerg Med. 2001 Feb;20(2):129-34. Abstract

16. Consumer Product Safety Commission. National Electronic Injury Surveillance System 1998-2017. Apr 2018 [internet publication].Full text

17. Wisse RP, Bijlsma WR, Stilma JS. Ocular firework trauma: a systematic review on incidence, severity, outcome and prevention. Br J Ophthalmol. 2010 Dec;94(12):1586-91. Abstract

18. MacEwen CJ. Ocular injuries. J R Coll Surg Edinb. 1999 Oct;44(5):317-23. Abstract

19. Swan KC, Meyer SL, Squires E. Late wound separation after cataract extraction. Ophthalmology. 1978 Oct;85(10):991-1003. Abstract

20. Vinger PF. Injury to the postsurgical eye. In: Kuhn F, Pieramici D, eds. Ocular trauma: principles and practice. New York, NY: Thieme; 2002:280-92.

21. Bengtsson E, Ehinger B. Treatment of traumatic hyphaema. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1975 Dec;53(6):914-23. Abstract

22. Kennedy RH, Brubaker RF. Traumatic hyphema in a defined population. Am J Ophthalmol. 1988 Aug 15;106(2):123-30. Abstract

23. Iftikhar M, Mir T, Seidel N, et al. Epidemiology and outcomes of hyphema: a single tertiary centre experience of 180 cases. Acta Ophthalmol. 2021 May;99(3):e394-401.Full text  Abstract

24. Falcinelli G, Falsini B, Taloni M, et al. Modified osteoodonto-keratoprosthesis for treatment of corneal blindness: long-term anatomical and functional outcomes in 181 cases. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005 Oct;123(10):1319-29. Abstract

25. Wagoner MD. Chemical injuries of the eye: current concepts in pathophysiology and therapy. Surv Ophthalmol. 1997 Jan-Feb;41(4):275-313. Abstract

26. Casson RJ, Walker JC, Newland HS. Four year review of open eye injuries at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2002 Feb;30(1):15-8. Abstract

27. Elder MJ, Stack RR. Globe rupture following penetrating keratoplasty: How often, why, and what can we do to prevent it? Cornea. 2004 Nov;23(8):776-80. Abstract

28. Martin GC, Le Roux G, Guindolet D, et al. Pediatric eye injuries by hydroalcoholic gel in the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Ophthalmol. 2021 Mar 1;139(3):348-51.Full text  Abstract

29. Nash EA, Margo CE. Patterns of emergency department visits for disorders of the eye and ocular adnexa. Arch Ophthalmol. 1998 Sep;116(9):1222-6. Abstract

30. The College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines: sub-tarsal foreign body (STFB); trauma (blunt); trauma (chemical); trauma (penetrating) [internet publication].Full text

31. American Academy of Ophthalmology​. Policy statement: referral of persons with possible eye diseases or injury. Apr 2014 [internet publication].Full text

32. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Penetrating eye injury. Oct 2022 [internet publication].​Full text

33. Maloney WF, Colvard M, Bourne WM. Specular microscopy of traumatic posterior annular keratopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1979 Sep;97(9):1647-50. Abstract

34. Fukuyama J, Hayasaka S, Yamada K, et al. Causes of subconjunctival hemorrhage. Ophthalmologica. 1990;200(2):63-7. Abstract

35. Cellina M, Cè M, Marziali S, et al. Computed tomography in traumatic orbital emergencies: a pictorial essay-imaging findings, tips, and report flowchart. Insights Imaging. 2022 Jan 12;13(1):4.Full text  Abstract

36. American College of Radiology. ACR appropriateness criteria: orbital imaging and vision loss-child.​ 2023 [internet publication].Full text

37. American College of Radiology. ACR-ASNR-SPR practice parameter for the performance of computed tomography (ct) of the extracranial head and neck. 2021 [internet publication].Full text

38. Patel SN, Langer PD, Zarbin MA, et al. Diagnostic value of clinical examination and radiographic imaging in identification of intraocular foreign bodies in open globe injury. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2012 Mar-Apr;22(2):259-68. Abstract

39. Lakshmanan A, Bala S, Belfer KF. Intraorbital organic foreign body - a diagnostic challenge. Orbit. 2008;27(2):131-3. Abstract

40. Kim YH, Kim H, Yoon ES. Unrecognized intraorbital wooden foreign body. Arch Craniofac Surg. 2018 Dec;19(4):300-3.Full text  Abstract

41. Hwang K, Park CY. Intraorbital wooden foreign body in a soldier. J Craniofac Surg. 2023 Jun 15. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000009482. Abstract

42. Kubal WS. Imaging of orbital trauma. Radiographics. 2008 Oct;28(6):1729-39. Abstract

43. Green BF, Kraft SP, Carter KD, et al. Intraorbital wood. Detection by magnetic resonance imaging. Ophthalmology. 1990 May;97(5):608-11. Abstract

44. Lima-Gomez V, Cornejo-Mendoza AM. Value of ocular hypotony as a predictor of open globe injury in patients with ocular trauma [in Spanish]. Cir Cir. 2004 May-Jun;72(3):177-81. Abstract

45. American Academy of Ophthalmology​. Pediatric eye evaluations preferred practice pattern​. Dec 2022 [internet publication].Full text

46. American Academy of Ophthalmology​. Comprehensive adult medical eye evaluation preferred practice pattern. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text

47. The College of Optometrists. Clinical management guidelines​: trauma (chemical). Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text

48. Chau JP, Lee DT, Lo SH. A systematic review of methods of eye irrigation for adults and children with ocular chemical burns. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs. 2012 Aug;9(3):129-38. Abstract

49. Algarni AM, Guyatt GH, Turner A, et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for corneal abrasion. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 May 27;5(5):CD014617.Full text  Abstract

50. Woreta FA, Lindsley KB, Gharaibeh A, et al. Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD005431.Full text  Abstract

51. Hom J, Sarwar S, Kaleem MA, et al. Topical mydriatics as adjunctive therapy for traumatic iridocyclitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 25;8(8):CD013260.Full text  Abstract

52. Mir T, Iftikhar M, Seidel N, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hyphema in patients with sickle cell trait: 10-year experience at the Wilmer Eye Institute. Clin Ophthalmol. 2020;14:4165-72.Full text  Abstract

53. Boldt HC, Pulido JS, Blodi CF, et al. Rural endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology. 1989 Dec;96(12):1722-6. Abstract

54. Zuckerman BD, Lieberman TW. Corneal rust ring: etiology and histology. Arch Ophthalmol. 1960 Feb;63:254-65. Abstract

55. West JR. Are topical nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs useful for analgesia in patients with traumatic corneal abrasions? Ann Emerg Med. 2019 Feb;73(2):157-9.Full text  Abstract

56. Yu CW, Kirubarajan A, Yau M, et al. Topical pain control for corneal abrasions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acad Emerg Med. 2021 Aug;28(8):890-908.Full text  Abstract

57. Shipman S, Painter K, Keuchel M, et al. Short-term topical tetracaine is highly efficacious for the treatment of pain caused by corneal abrasions: a double-blind, randomized clinical trial. Ann Emerg Med. 2021 Mar;77(3):338-44.Full text  Abstract

58. Benson WH, Snyder IS, Granus V. Tetanus prophylaxis following ocular injuries. J Emerg Med. 1993 Nov-Dec;11(6):677-83. Abstract

59. Kervick GN, Flynn HW Jr, Alfonso E, et al. Antibiotic therapy for Bacillus species infections. Am J Ophthalmol. 1990 Dec 15;110(6):683-7. Abstract

60. Vatne HO, Syrdalen P. Vitrectomy in double perforating eye injuries. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 1985 Oct;63(5):552-6. Abstract

61. Jonas JB, Budde WM. Early versus late removal of retained intraocular foreign bodies. Retina. 1999;19(3):193-7. Abstract

62. Wani VB, Al-Ajmi M, Lukman T, et al. Vitrectomy for posterior segment intraocular foreign bodies: visual results and prognostic factors. Retina. 2003 Oct;23(5):654-60. Abstract

63. Vote BJ, Elder MJ. Cyanoacrylate glue for corneal perforations: a description of a surgical technique and a review of the literature. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2000 Dec;28(6):437-42. Abstract

64. Moschos M, Droutsas D, Boussalis P, et al. Clinical experience with cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive. Doc Ophthalmol. 1996-1997;93(3):237-45. Abstract

65. Su CY, Lin CP. Combined use of an amniotic membrane and tissue adhesive in treating corneal perforation: a case report. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers. 2000 Mar-Apr;31(2):151-4. Abstract

66. Wilson SE, Marino GK, Medeiros CS, et al. Phototherapeutic keratectomy: science and art. J Refract Surg. 2017 Mar 1;33(3):203-10. Abstract

67. Salari F, Beikmarzehei A, Liu G, et al. Superficial keratectomy: a review of literature. Front Med (Lausanne). 2022;9:915284.Full text  Abstract

68. Rubinfeld RS, Laibson PR, Cohen EJ. Anterior stromal puncture for recurrent erosion: further experience and new instrumentation. Ophthalmic Surg. 1990 May;21(5):318-26. Abstract

69. Watson SL, Leung V. Interventions for recurrent corneal erosions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Jul 9;7(7):CD001861.Full text  Abstract

70. Palmer DJ, Goldberg MF, Frenkel M, et al. A comparison of two dose regimens of epsilon aminocaproic acid in the prevention and management of secondary traumatic hyphemas. Ophthalmology. 1986 Jan;93(1):102-8. Abstract

71. Clare G, Bunce C, Tuft S. Amniotic membrane transplantation for acute ocular burns. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Sep 1;9(9):CD009379.Full text  Abstract

72. Ueda S, Nunn BM, Chauhan R, et al. Sustained dasatinib treatment prevents early fibrotic changes following ocular trauma. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2021 May;259(5):1103-11.Full text  Abstract

73. World Health Organization. Surgical care at the district hospital: ocular trauma. 2003 [internet publication].Full text

74. The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. Acute eye injury. October 2022 [internet publication].​​​Full text

75. Jackson ML, Virgili G, Shepherd JD, et al. Vision rehabilitation Preferred Practice Pattern®. Ophthalmology. 2023 Mar;130(3):P271-335.Full text  Abstract

76. Sternberg P Jr, de Juan E Jr, Michels RG. Penetrating ocular injuries: types of injuries and visual results. Retina. 1984 Winter-Spring;4(1):5-8. Abstract

77. Sternberg P Jr, de Juan E Jr, Michels RG, et al. Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors in penetrating ocular injuries. Am J Ophthalmol. 1984 Oct 15;98(4):467-72. Abstract

78. Weene LE. Recurrent corneal erosions after trauma: a statistical study. Ann Ophthalmol. 1985 Sep;17(9):521-2. Abstract

79. Reynolds DS, Flynn HW Jr. Endophthalmitis after penetrating ocular trauma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 1997 Jun;8(3):32-8. Abstract

80. Muqit MM, Mehat M, Bunce C, et al. Early vitrectomy for exogenous endophthalmitis following surgery. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Nov 18;11(11):CD013760.Full text  Abstract

81. Liddy L, Stuart J. Sympathetic ophthalmia in Canada. Can J Ophthalmol. 1972 Apr;7(2):157-9. Abstract

82. Damico FM, Kiss S, Young LH. Sympathetic ophthalmia. Semin Ophthalmol. 2005 Jul-Sep;20(3):191-7. Abstract

83. Ganesh SK, Narayana KM, Biswas J. Peripapillary choroidal atrophy in sympathetic ophthalmia and management with triple-agent immunosuppression. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2003 Mar;11(1):61-5. Abstract

84. McPherson SD Jr, Dalton HT. Posterior form sympathetic ophthalmia. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1975;73:251-63.Full text  Abstract

85. Callahan A. Surgery of the eye: injuries. Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas; 1950:240.

86. Haik GM, Coles WH. In: Intraocular injuries: their immediate surgical management. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger; 1972:17-23.

87. Lyon DB, Dortzbach RK. Enucleation and evisceration. In: Shingleton BJ, Hersh PS, Kenyon KR, eds. Eye Trauma St. Louis. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby-Year Book Inc; 1991:354-67.

88. Gürdal C, Erdener U, Irkeç M, et al. Incidence of sympathetic ophthalmia after penetrating eye injury and choice of treatment. Ocul Immunol Inflamm. 2002 Sep;10(3):223-7. Abstract

89. Budde WM, Junemann A. Chalcosis oculi [in German]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 1998 Mar;212(3):184-5. Abstract

90. Sneed SR. Ocular siderosis. Arch Ophthalmol. 1988 Jul;106(7):997. Abstract

91. Gross JG, King LP, de Juan E Jr, et al. Subfoveal neovascular membrane removal in patients with traumatic choroidal rupture. Ophthalmology. 1996 Apr;103(4):579-85. Abstract

92. Cardillo JA, Stout JT, LaBree L, et al. Post-traumatic proliferative vitreoretinopathy. The epidemiologic profile, onset, risk factors, and visual outcome. Ophthalmology. 1997 Jul;104(7):1166-73. Abstract

93. Girard P, Mimoun G, Karpouzas I, et al. Clinical risks factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy after retinal detachment surgery. Retina. 1994;14(5):417-24. Abstract

94. Cowley M, Conway BP, Campochiaro PA, et al. Clinical risks factors for proliferative vitreoretinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 1989 Aug;107(8):1147-51. Abstract

95. Skorpik C, Menapace R, Gnad HD, et al. Silicone oil implantation in penetrating injuries complicated by PVR. Results from 1982 to 1986. Retina. 1989;9(1):8-14. Abstract

96. Han JC, Kwun YK, Cho SH, et al. Long-term outcomes of argon laser photocoagulation in small size cyclodialysis cleft. BMC Ophthalmol. 2015 Sep 24;15:123.Full text  Abstract

97. Gross JB, Davis GH, Bell NP, et al. Surgical repair of large cyclodialysis clefts. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2017 May 11;27(3):382-5. Abstract

98. Selvan H, Gupta V, Gupta S. Cyclodialysis: an updated approach to surgical strategies. Acta Ophthalmol. 2019 Dec;97(8):744-51.Full text  Abstract

99. Conrath J, Forzano O, Ridings B. Photodynamic therapy for subfoveal CNV complicating traumatic choroidal rupture. Eye (Lond). 2004 Sep;18(9):946-7. Abstract

100. Viestenez A. Rupture of the choroid after eyeball contusion: an analysis based on Earlgen Contusion Registry (EOCR) [in German]. Klin Monbl Augenheilkd. 2004 Aug;221(8):713-9. Abstract

101. Sipperly JO, Quigley HA, Gass DM. Traumatic retinopathy in primates: the explanation of commotio retinae. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978 Dec;96(12):2267-73. Abstract

102. Richards RD, West CE, Meisels AA. Chorioretinitis sclopetaria. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1968;66:214-32.Full text  Abstract

103. Yamada H, Sakai A, Yamada E, et al. Spontaneous closure of traumatic macular hole. Am J Ophthalmol. 2002 Sep;134(3):340-7. Abstract

104. Mester V, Kuhn F. Internal limiting membrane removal for traumatic macular holes. Am J Ophthalmol. 2000 Jun;129(6):769-77. Abstract

105. Ferreira N, Monteiro S, Meireles A, et al. Outcome of vitrectomy and chorioretinectomy in perforating eye injuries. Ophthalmic Res. 2015;53(4):200-6. Abstract

106. Kuhn F, Schrader W. Prophylactic chorioretinectomy for eye injuries with high proliferative-vitreoretinopathy risk. Clin Anat. 2018 Jan;31(1):28-38. Abstract