References
Key articles
Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging and Musculoskeletal Imaging, Beckmann NM, West OC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Spine Trauma. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May;16(5s):S264-S285. Abstract
Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, Ortiz AO, Levitt A, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Spine Infection. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Nov;18(11s):S488-S501. Abstract
Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, et al; North American Spine Society. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. Spine J. 2011 Jan;11(1):64-72. Abstract
Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, McDonald MA, Kirsch CFE, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cervical Neck Pain or Cervical Radiculopathy. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May;16(5s):S57-S76. Abstract
Reference articles
1. Guzman J, Haldeman, S, Carroll LJ, et al. Clinical practice implications of the bone and joint decade 2000-2010 task force on neck pain and its associated disorders: from concepts and findings to recommendations. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 suppl):S199-213. Abstract
2. Devereaux MW. Neck pain. Prim Care. 2004 Mar;31(1):19-31. Abstract
3. Hoy D, March L, Woolf A, et al. The global burden of neck pain: estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2014 Jul;73(7):1309-15. Abstract
4. Hoy DG, Protani M, De R, et al. The epidemiology of neck pain. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2010 Dec;24(6):783-92. Abstract
5. Sihawong R, Sitthipornvorakul E, Paksaichol A, et al. Predictors for chronic neck and low back pain in office workers: a 1-year prospective cohort study. J Occup Health. 2016;58(1):16-24. Abstract
6. Kim DH, Hinshaw JL, Lubner MG, et al. Contrast coating for the surface of flat polyps at CT colonography: a marker for detection. Eur Radiol. 2014 Apr;24(4):940-6.Full text Abstract
7. Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, et al. The burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 Feb;32(2 suppl):S46-60. Abstract
8. Maurer K; U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Basic data on arthritis knee, hip and sacroiliac joints in adults ages 25-74 years: United States, 1971-1975. Vital Health Stat 11. 1979 Aug;(213):1-31.Full text Abstract
9. Makela M, Heiliovaara M, Sievers K, et al. Prevalence, determinants, and consequences of chronic neck pain in Finland. Am J Epidemiol. 1991 Dec 1;134(11):1356-67.Full text Abstract
10. Bovim G, Schrader H, Sand T. Neck pain in the general population. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994 Jun 15;19(12):1307-9. Abstract
11. van der Donk J, Schouten JS, Passchier J, et al. The associations of neck pain with radiological abnormalities of the cervical spine and personality traits in a general population. J Rheumatol. 1991 Dec;18(12):1884-9. Abstract
12. Croft PR, Lewis M, Papageorgiou AC, et al. Risk factors for neck pain: a longitudinal study in the general population. Pain. 2001 Sep;93(3):317-25. Abstract
13. Carette S. Whiplash injury and chronic neck pain. N Engl J Med. 1994 Apr 14;330(15):1083-4. Abstract
14. Iyer S, Kim HJ. Cervical radiculopathy. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med. 2016 Sep;9(3):272-80.Full text Abstract
15. Gore DR, Sepic SB, Gardner GM, et al. Neck pain: a long-term follow-up of 205 patients. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1987 Jan-Feb;12(1):1-5. Abstract
16. Lawrence JS. Disc degeneration: its frequency and relationship to symptoms. Ann Rheum Dis. 1969 Mar;28(2):121-38.Full text Abstract
17. Carroll LJ, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in the general population: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 suppl):S75-82. Abstract
18. Carroll LJ, Holm LW, Hogg-Johnson S, et al. Course and prognostic factors for neck pain in whiplash-associated disorders (WAD): results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 suppl):S83-92. Abstract
19. Abdu WA, Provencher M. Primary bone and metastatic tumors of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1998 Dec 15;23(24):2767-77. Abstract
20. Darouiche RO. Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 2006 Nov 9;355(19):2012-20. Abstract
21. Connolly KJ, Hammer SM. The acute aseptic meningitis syndrome. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1990 Dec;4(4):599-622. Abstract
22. Yawn BP, Saddier P, Wollan PC, et al. A population-based study of the incidence and complication rates of herpes zoster before zoster vaccine introduction. Mayo Clin Proc. 2007 Nov;82(11):1341-9. Abstract
23. Arnold M, Cumurciuc R, Stapf C, et al. Pain as the only symptom of cervical artery dissection. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2006 Sep;77(9):1021-4.Full text Abstract
24. Silbert PL, Mokri B, Schievink WI. Headache and neck pain in spontaneous internal carotid and vertebral artery dissections. Neurology. 1995 Aug;45(8):1517-22. Abstract
25. Gottesman RF, Sharma P, Robinson KA, et al. Clinical characteristics of symptomatic vertebral artery dissection: a systematic review. Neurologist. 2012 Sep;18(5):245-54.Full text Abstract
26. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging and Musculoskeletal Imaging, Beckmann NM, West OC, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Spine Trauma. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May;16(5s):S264-S285. Abstract
27. Durand ML, Calderwood SB, Weber DJ, et al. Acute bacterial meningitis in adults: a review of 493 episodes. N Engl J Med. 1993 Jan 7;328(1):21-8.Full text Abstract
28. Hasbun R, Abrahams J, Jekel J, et al. Computed tomography of the head before lumbar puncture in adults with suspected meningitis. N Engl J Med. 2001 Dec 13;345(24):1727-33.Full text Abstract
29. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, Ortiz AO, Levitt A, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Suspected Spine Infection. J Am Coll Radiol. 2021 Nov;18(11s):S488-S501. Abstract
30. Mealy K, Brennan H, Fenelon GC. Early mobilisation of acute whiplash injuries. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1986 Mar 8;292(6521):656-7.Full text Abstract
31. Bonk AD, Ferrari R, Giebel GD. Prospective randomized, controlled study of activity versus collar, and the natural history of whiplash injury, in Germany. J Musculoskel Pain. 2000;8:123-32.
32. Pellicci PM, Ranawat CS, Tsairis P, et al. A prospective study of the progression of rheumatoid arthritis of the cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1981 Mar;63(3):342-50. Abstract
33. Hanning U, Sporns PB, Schmiedel M, et al. CT versus MR techniques in the detection of cervical artery dissection. J Neuroimaging. 2017 Nov;27(6):607-12. Abstract
34. CADISS trial investigators, Markus HS, Hayter E, et al. Antiplatelet treatment compared with anticoagulation treatment for cervical artery dissection (CADISS): a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol. 2015 Apr;14(4):361-7.Full text Abstract
35. Peng J, Liu Z, Luo C, et al. Treatment of cervical artery dissection: antithrombotics, thrombolysis, and endovascular therapy. Biomed Res Int. 2017;2017:3072098.Full text Abstract
36. Jensen J, Salottolo K, Frei D, et al. Comprehensive analysis of intra-arterial treatment for acute ischemic stroke due to cervical artery dissection. J Neurointerv Surg. 2017 Jul;9(7):654-8.Full text Abstract
37. Stiell IG, Clement CM, McKnight RD, et al. The Canadian C-spine rule versus the NEXUS low-risk criteria in patients with trauma. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 25;349(26):2510-8.Full text Abstract
38. Vandemark RM. Radiology of the cervical spine in trauma patients: practice pitfalls and recommendations for improving efficiency and communication. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1990 Sep;155(3):465-72.Full text Abstract
39. Cain GS, Shepherdson J, Elliott V, et al. Imaging suspected cervical spine injury: Plain radiography or computed tomography? Systematic review. Radiography. 2010;16(1):68-77.
40. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Head injury: assessment and early management. May 2023 [internet publication].Full text
41. Schoenfeld AJ, Bono CM, McGuire KJ, et al. Computed tomography alone versus computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in the identification of occult injuries to the cervical spine: a meta-analysis. J Trauma. 2010 Jan;68(1):109-13;discussion 113-4. Abstract
42. Plumb JOM. Clinical review: Spinal imaging for the adult obtunded blunt trauma patient: update from 2004. Intensive Care Med. 2012 May;38(5):752-71. Abstract
43. Panczykowski DM, Tomycz ND, Okonkwo DO, et al. Comparative effectiveness of using computed tomography alone to exclude cervical spine injuries in obtunded or intubated patients: meta-analysis of 14,327 patients with blunt trauma. J Neurosurg. 2011 Sep;115(3):541-9. Abstract
44. Stiell IG, Wells GA, Vandemheen KL, et al. The Canadian C-spine rule for radiography in alert and stable trauma patients. JAMA. 2001 Oct 17;286(15):1841-8.Full text Abstract
45. Slaar A, Fockens MM, Wang J, et al. Triage tools for detecting cervical spine injury in pediatric trauma patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 7;(12):CD011686. Abstract
46. Hoffman JR, Mower WR, Wolfson AB, et al. Validity of a set of clinical criteria to rule out injury to the cervical spine in patients with blunt trauma. National Emergency X-Radiography Utilization Study Group. N Engl J Med. 2000 Jul 13;343(2):94-9.Full text Abstract
47. van Eijk IC, Nielen MM, van Soesbergen RM, et al. Cervical spine involvement is rare in early arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2006 Jul;65(7):973-4.Full text Abstract
48. Polston DW. Cervical radiculopathy. Neurol Clin. 2007 May;25(2):373-85. Abstract
49. Bono CM, Ghiselli G, Gilbert TJ, et al; North American Spine Society. An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders. Spine J. 2011 Jan;11(1):64-72. Abstract
50. Tong HC, Haig AJ, Yamakawa K. The Spurling test and cervical radiculopathy. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Jan 15;27(2):156-9. Abstract
51. Expert Panel on Neurological Imaging, McDonald MA, Kirsch CFE, et al. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Cervical Neck Pain or Cervical Radiculopathy. J Am Coll Radiol. 2019 May;16(5s):S57-S76. Abstract
52. Carette S, Fehlings MG. Clinical practice. Cervical radiculopathy. N Engl J Med. 2005 Jul 28;353(4):392-9. Abstract
53. Diehn FE. Imaging of spine infection. Radiol Clin North Am. 2012 Jul;50(4):777-98. Abstract
54. Teresi LM, Lufkin RB, Reicher MA, et al. Asymptomatic degenerative disk disease and spondylosis of the cervical spine: MR imaging. Radiology. 1987 Jul;164(1):83-8. Abstract
55. Canale ST, Beaty JH, eds. Campbell's operative orthopaedics. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2007.
56. Nordin M, Carragee EJ, Hogg-Johnson S, et al. Assessment of neck pain and its associated disorders: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2008 Feb 15;33(4 suppl):S101-22. Abstract
57. Hakimi R, Sivakumar S. Imaging of carotid dissection. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2019 Jan 19;23(1):2. Abstract
58. Brott TG, Halperin JL, Abbara S, et al. 2011 ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS guideline on the management of patients with extracranial carotid and vertebral artery disease: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines, and the American Stroke Association, American Association of Neuroscience Nurses, American Association of Neurological Surgeons, American College of Radiology, American Society of Neuroradiology, Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Society of Atherosclerosis Imaging and Prevention, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Society of Interventional Radiology, Society of NeuroInterventional Surgery, Society for Vascular Medicine, and Society for Vascular Surgery. Developed in collaboration with the American Academy of Neurology and Society of Cardiovascular Computed Tomography. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2013 Jan 1;81(1):E76-123.Full text Abstract
59. Carragee EJ, Kim DH. A prospective analysis of magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with sciatica and lumbar disc herniation: correlation of outcomes with disc fragment and canal morphology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1997 Jul 15;22(14):1650-60. Abstract
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer