Approximately 80 to 85 children each year are diagnosed with Wilms' tumours in the UK.[21]Macmillan Cancer Support. Wilms' tumour in children. September 2016 [internet publication].
http://www.macmillan.org.uk/Cancerinformation/Cancertypes/Childrenscancers/Typesofchildrenscancers/Wilmstumour.aspx
In the US, approximately 500 children and adolescents <20 years of age are diagnosed each year.[3]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al. Epidemiology of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21(3):172-81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7680412?tool=bestpractice.com
[4]Bunin GR, Meadows AT. Epidemiology and Wilms tumor: approaches and methods. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21(3):169-71.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8383277?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence has not changed globally during a 21-year period.[22]Ward EM, Thun MJ, Hannan LM, et al. Interpreting cancer trends. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Sep;1076(1):29-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119192?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Pastore G, Carli M, Lemerle J, et al. Epidemiological features of Wilms tumor: results of studies by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Med Pediatr Oncol. 1988;16(1):7-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2828903?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al. Ethnic variation in the incidence, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of children with Wilms' tumor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jan 5;86(1):49-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8271283?tool=bestpractice.com
[25]Fukuzawa R, Breslow NE, Morison IM, et al. Epigenetic differences between Wilms tumours in white and east-Asian children. Lancet. 2004 Feb 7;363(9407):446-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14962525?tool=bestpractice.com
[26]Seyed-Ahadi MM, Khaleghnejad-Tabari A, Mirshemirani A, et al. Wilms tumor: a 10 year retrospective study. Arch Iran Med. 2007 Jan;10(1):65-9.
http://www.ams.ac.ir/AIM/NEWPUB/07/10/1/0015.pdf
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17198457?tool=bestpractice.com
[27]Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Stiller C, et al. Childhood cancer survival trends in Europe: a EUROCARE Working Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3742-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923571?tool=bestpractice.com
[28]Chaudhuri K, Sinha A, Hati GC, et al. Childhood malignancies at BS Medical College: a ten year study. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2003 Apr;46(2):194-6.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15022907?tool=bestpractice.com
[29]Ben Arush MW, Nahum MP, Maor JA, et al. Wilms tumor: the Northern Israel Oncology Institute experience. J Surg Oncol. 1995 May;59(1):10-3.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7745969?tool=bestpractice.com
The incidence was thought to be slightly higher in females and black children when compared to males and white children;[22]Ward EM, Thun MJ, Hannan LM, et al. Interpreting cancer trends. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Sep;1076(1):29-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119192?tool=bestpractice.com
more recent data, however, show equal incidence in both sexes and among black and white children.[22]Ward EM, Thun MJ, Hannan LM, et al. Interpreting cancer trends. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006 Sep;1076(1):29-53.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17119192?tool=bestpractice.com
[23]Pastore G, Carli M, Lemerle J, et al. Epidemiological features of Wilms tumor: results of studies by the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP). Med Pediatr Oncol. 1988;16(1):7-11.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2828903?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al. Ethnic variation in the incidence, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of children with Wilms' tumor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jan 5;86(1):49-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8271283?tool=bestpractice.com
[27]Gatta G, Capocaccia R, Stiller C, et al. Childhood cancer survival trends in Europe: a EUROCARE Working Group study. J Clin Oncol. 2005 Jun 1;23(16):3742-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923571?tool=bestpractice.com
[30]Olisa EG, Chandra R, Jackson MA, et al. Malignant tumors in American black and Nigerian children: a comparative study. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1975 Aug;55(2):281-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/169371?tool=bestpractice.com
Incidence in Asian people is about half that of black and white people.[3]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al. Epidemiology of Wilms tumor. Med Pediatr Oncol. 1993;21(3):172-81.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7680412?tool=bestpractice.com
[24]Breslow N, Olshan A, Beckwith JB, et al. Ethnic variation in the incidence, diagnosis, prognosis, and follow-up of children with Wilms' tumor. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1994 Jan 5;86(1):49-51.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8271283?tool=bestpractice.com
[31]Sen S, Kadamba P, Al-AbdulAaly M, et al. Results of Wilms tumour management in two tertiary-care hospitals in Asia. Pediatr Surg Int. 1998 Jan;13(1):42-4.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9391203?tool=bestpractice.com
White children have an increased incidence of loss of IGF2 imprinting in precursor renal lesions and Wilms' tumours compared to children of Asian descent.[32]Breslow NE, Beckwith JB, Perlman EJ, et al. Age distributions, birth weights, nephrogenic rests, and heterogeneity in the pathogenesis of Wilms tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2006 Sep;47(3):260-7.
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pubmed&pubmedid=16700047
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700047?tool=bestpractice.com
[33]Bjornsson HT, Brown LJ, Fallin MD, et al. Epigenetic specificity of loss of imprinting of the IGF2 gene in Wilms tumors. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007 Aug 15;99(16):1270-3.
http://jnci.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/99/16/1270
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17686827?tool=bestpractice.com
[34]Ruteshouser EC, Robinson SM, Huff V. Wilms tumor genetics: mutations in WT1, WTX, and CTNNB1 account for only about one-third of tumors. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2008 June;47(6):461-70.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18311776?tool=bestpractice.com
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