References
Key articles
Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-646.Full text Abstract
Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.Full text Abstract
Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Full text Abstract
Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text Abstract
American Academy of Family Physicians. Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Full text
Reference articles
1. Si S, Moss JR, Sullivan TR, et al. Effectiveness of general practice-based health checks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2014 Jan;64(618):e47-53.Full text Abstract
2. Sopcak N, Fernandes C, O'Brien MA, et al. What is a prevention visit? A qualitative study of a structured approach to prevention and screening - the BETTER WISE project. BMC Fam Pract. 2021 Jul 19;22(1):153.Full text Abstract
3. Krogsbøll LT, Jørgensen KJ, Gøtzsche PC. General health checks in adults for reducing morbidity and mortality from disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jan 31;(1):CD009009.Full text Abstract
4. Liss DT, Uchida T, Wilkes CL, et al. General health checks in adult primary care: a review. JAMA. 2021 Jun 8;325(22):2294-306.Full text Abstract
5. Martin SS, Aday AW, Almarzooq ZI, et al. 2024 Heart disease and stroke statistics: a report of US and global data from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 20;149(8):e347-913.Full text Abstract
6. Siegel RL, Kimberly DM, Nikita SW, et al. Cancer statistics, 2023. CA Cancer J Clin. Jan 2023;73(1):17-48.Full text Abstract
7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. United States Cancer Statistics: data visualizations. Cancer statistics at a glance. Jun 2023 [internet publication].Full text
8. National Cancer Institute. Understanding cancer: cancer statistics. Sept 2020 [internet publication].Full text
9. The American Journal of Managed Care. Population health screenings for the prevention of chronic disease progression. Nov 2019 [internet publication].Full text
10. Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, et al. 2019 ACC/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Sep 10;140(11):e596-646.Full text Abstract
11. Siu AL; U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for breast cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2016 Feb 16;164(4):279-96.Full text Abstract
12. US Preventive Services Task Force., Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening for cervical cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Aug 21;320(7):674-86.Full text Abstract
13. US Preventive Services Task Force., Davidson KW, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 May 18;325(19):1965-77.Full text Abstract
14. United States Preventive Services Task Force. Lung cancer: screening. Mar 2021 [internet publication].Full text
15. United States Preventive Services Task Force. Prostate cancer: screening. May 2018 [internet publication].Full text
16. Blokstra A, van Dis I, Verschuren WM. Efficacy of multifactorial lifestyle interventions in patients with established cardiovascular diseases and high risk groups. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs. 2012 Mar;11(1):97-104. Abstract
17. Grady D, Chaput L, Kristof M. Diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease in women: systematic reviews of evidence on selected topics. Evid Rep Technol Assess (Summ). 2003 May;(81):1-4. Abstract
18. Wild RA, Carmina E, Diamanti-Kandarakis E, et al. Assessment of cardiovascular risk and prevention of cardiovascular disease in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome: a consensus statement by the Androgen Excess and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (AE-PCOS) Society. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 May;95(5):2038-49.Full text Abstract
19. American Heart Association. Effectiveness-based guidelines for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in women - 2011 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2011 Mar 22;123(11):1243-62. [Errata in: Circulation. 2011 Jun 7;123(22):e624; Circulation. 2011 Oct 18;124(16):e427.]Full text Abstract
20. Thakkar A, Agarwala A, Michos ED. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: closing the gap. Eur Cardiol. 2021;16:e41.Full text Abstract
21. Wenger NK, Lloyd-Jones DM, Elkind MSV, et al. Call to action for cardiovascular disease in women: epidemiology, awareness, access, and delivery of equitable health care: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Jun 7;145(23):e1059-71.Full text Abstract
22. Mehta LS, Velarde GP, Lewey J, et al. Cardiovascular disease risk factors in women: the impact of race and ethnicity: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 May 9;147(19):1471-87.Full text Abstract
23. Lewey J, Beckie TM, Brown HL, et al. Opportunities in the postpartum period to reduce cardiovascular disease risk after adverse pregnancy outcomes: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2024 Feb 13;149(7):e330-46.Full text Abstract
24. He J, Zhu Z, Bundy JD, et al. Trends in cardiovascular risk factors in US adults by race and ethnicity and socioeconomic status, 1999-2018. JAMA. 2021 Oct 5;326(13):1286-98.Full text Abstract
25. Jellinger PS, Handelsman Y, Rosenblit PD, et al. American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American College of Endocrinology guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Endocr Pract. 2017 Apr;23(suppl 2):1-87.Full text Abstract
26. Meschia JF, Bushnell C, Boden-Albala B, et al; American Heart Association. Guidelines for the primary prevention of stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2014 Dec;45(12):3754-3832.Full text Abstract
27. Jilani MH, Javed Z, Yahya T, et al. Social determinants of health and cardiovascular disease: current state and future directions towards healthcare equity. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2021 Jul 26;23(9):55.Full text Abstract
28. Kim Y, Lee A, Cubbin C. Effect of social environments on cardiovascular disease in the United States. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022 Oct 18;11(20):e025923.Full text Abstract
29. Javed Z, Haisum Maqsood M, Yahya T, et al. Race, racism, and cardiovascular health: applying a social determinants of health framework to racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2022 Jan;15(1):e007917.Full text Abstract
30. Kershaw KN, Magnani JW, Diez Roux AV, et al. Neighborhoods and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2023 Dec 11:e000124.Full text Abstract
31. Agarwala A, Patel J, Stephens J, et al. Implementation of prevention science to eliminate health care inequities in achieving cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Sep 12.Full text Abstract
32. Lloyd-Jones DM, Allen NB, Anderson CAM, et al. Life's essential 8: updating and enhancing the American Heart Association's construct of cardiovascular health: a presidential advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2022 Jun 29 [Epub ahead of print].Full text Abstract
33. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Interventions for tobacco smoking cessation in adults, including pregnant persons: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Jan 19;325(3):265-79.Full text Abstract
34. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for hypertension in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Apr 27;325(16):1650-56.Full text Abstract
35. Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, et al. 2018 AHA/ACC/AACVPR/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2019 Jun 18;139(25):e1082-143.Full text Abstract
36. US Preventive Services Task Force, Davidson KW, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Aug 24;326(8):736-43.Full text Abstract
37. Wilson PW, D'Agostino RB, Levy D, et al. Prediction of coronary heart disease using risk factor categories. Circulation. 1998 May 12;97(18):1837-47.Full text Abstract
38. D'Agostino RB Sr, Vasan RS, Pencina MJ, et al. General cardiovascular risk profile for use in primary care: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2008 Feb 12;117(6):743-53.Full text Abstract
39. D'Agostino RB Sr, Grundy S, Sullivan LM, et al. CHD Risk Prediction Group. Validation of the Framingham coronary heart disease prediction scores: results of a multiple ethnic groups investigation. JAMA. 2001 Jul 11;286(2):180-87.Full text Abstract
40. D'Agostino RB, Wolf PA, Belanger AJ, et al. Stroke risk profile: adjustment for antihypertensive medication: the Framingham Study. Stroke. 1994 Jan;25(1):40-3. Abstract
41. Lloyd-Jones DM, Braun LT, Ndumele CE, et al. Use of risk assessment tools to guide decision-making in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a special report from the American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019 Jun 25;73(24):3153-67.Full text Abstract
42. Dennison Himmelfarb CR, Beckie TM, Allen LA, et al. Shared decision-making and cardiovascular health: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Sep 12;148(11):912-31.Full text Abstract
43. Hooper L, Martin N, Jimoh OF, et al. Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020 Aug 21;8(8):CD011737.Full text Abstract
44. Martínez-González MA, Gea A, Ruiz-Canela M. The mediterranean diet and cardiovascular health. Circ Res. 2019 Mar;124(5):779-98.Full text Abstract
45. Rees K, Takeda A, Martin N, et al. Mediterranean-style diet for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Mar 13;3(3):CD009825.Full text Abstract
46. Hooper L, Bartlett C, Davey SG, et al. Advice to reduce dietary salt for prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2004 Jan 26;(1):CD003656.Full text Abstract
47. Fodor JG, Whitmore B, Leenen F, et al. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension. 5: recommendations on dietary salt. Canadian Hypertension Society, Canadian Coalition for High Blood Pressure Prevention and Control, Laboratory Centre for Disease Control at Health Canada, Heart and Stroke Foundation of Canada. CMAJ. 1999 May 4;160(9 Suppl):S29-34.Full text Abstract
48. Hartley L, Igbinedion E, Holmes J, et al. Increased consumption of fruit and vegetables for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 4;(6):CD009874.Full text Abstract
49. Mente A, Dehghan M, Rangarajan S, et al. Diet, cardiovascular disease, and mortality in 80 countries. Eur Heart J. 2023 Jul 21;44(28):2560-79.Full text Abstract
50. Bazzano LA, Hu T, Reynolds K, et al. Effects of low-carbohydrate and low-fat diets: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Sep 2;161(5):309-18. Abstract
51. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Behavioral counseling interventions to promote a healthy diet and physical activity for cardiovascular disease prevention in adults with cardiovascular risk factors: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020 Nov 24;324(20):2069-75.Full text Abstract
52. US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Behavioral weight oss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Sep 18;320(11):1163-71.Full text Abstract
53. Grunvald E, Shah R, Hernaez R, et al. AGA clinical practice guideline on pharmacological interventions for adults with obesity. Gastroenterology. 2022 Nov;163(5):1198-225.Full text Abstract
54. Jerome GJ, Boyer WR, Bustamante EE, et al. Increasing equity of physical activity promotion for optimal cardiovascular health in adults: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Jun 20;147(25):1951-62.Full text Abstract
55. Barone Gibbs B, Hivert MF, Jerome GJ, et al. Physical activity as a critical component of first-line treatment for elevated blood pressure or cholesterol: who, what, and how?: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertension. 2021 Aug;78(2):e26-e37.Full text Abstract
56. Garcia L, Pearce M, Abbas A, et al. Non-occupational physical activity and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and mortality outcomes: a dose-response meta-analysis of large prospective studies. Br J Sports Med. 2023 Aug;57(15):979-89.Full text Abstract
57. Valenzuela PL, Ruilope LM, Santos-Lozano A, et al. Exercise benefits in cardiovascular diseases: from mechanisms to clinical implementation. Eur Heart J. 2023 Jun 1;44(21):1874-89.Full text Abstract
58. World Health Organization. WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text
59. Paluch AE, Boyer WR, Franklin BA, et al. Resistance exercise training in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2023 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2023 Dec 7 [Epub ahead of print].Full text Abstract
60. Banach M, Lewek J, Surma S, et al. The association between daily step count and all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2023 Aug 9.Full text Abstract
61. Inoue K, Tsugawa Y, Mayeda ER, et al. Association of daily step patterns with mortality in US adults. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Mar 1;6(3):e235174.Full text Abstract
62. Parish S, Collins R, Peto R, et al. Cigarette smoking, tar yields, and non-fatal myocardial infarction: 14,000 cases and 32,000 controls in the United Kingdom. The International Studies of Infarct Survival (ISIS) Collaborators. BMJ. 1995 Aug 19;311(7003):471-7. Abstract
63. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003 Jul 2;290(1):86-97. Abstract
64. Ockene JK, Kuller LH, Svendsen KH, et al. The relationship of smoking cessation to coronary heart disease and lung cancer in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). Am J Public Health. 1990 Aug;80(8):954-8.Full text Abstract
65. US Preventive Services Task Force. Aspirin use to prevent cardiovascular disease: preventive medication. Apr 2022 [internet publication].Full text
66. Baigent C, Blackwell L, Collins R, et al; Antithrombotic Trialists' (ATT) Collaboration. Aspirin in the primary and secondary prevention of vascular disease: collaborative meta-analysis of individual participant data from randomised trials. Lancet. 2009 May 30;373(9678):1849-60.Full text Abstract
67. Cloud GC, Williamson JD, Thao LTP, et al. Low-dose aspirin and the risk of stroke and intracerebral bleeding in healthy older people: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2023 Jul 3;6(7):e2325803.Full text Abstract
68. Wilson R, Gazzala J, House J. Aspirin in primary and secondary prevention in elderly adults revisited. South Med J. 2012 Feb;105(2):82-6. Abstract
69. McNeil JJ, Nelson MR, Woods RL, et al. Effect of aspirin on all-cause mortality in the healthy elderly. N Engl J Med. 2018 Oct 18;379(16):1519-28.Full text Abstract
70. Pignone M, Earnshaw S, Tice JA, et al. Aspirin, statins, or both drugs for the primary prevention of coronary heart disease events in men: a cost-utility analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2006 Mar 7;144(5):326-36. Abstract
71. Pignone M, Earnshaw S, Pletcher MJ, et al. Aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in women: a cost-utility analysis. Arch Intern Med. 2007 Feb 12;167(3):290-95.Full text Abstract
72. Kleindorfer DO, Towfighi A, Chaturvedi S, et al. 2021 guideline for the prevention of stroke in patients with stroke and transient ischemic attack: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2021 Jul;52(7):e364-467.Full text Abstract
73. He FJ, Li J, Macgregor GA. Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Apr 30;(4):CD004937.Full text Abstract
74. Whelton PK, Carey RM, Aronow WS, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/AAPA/ABC/ACPM/AGS/APhA/ASH/ASPC/NMA/PCNA guideline for the prevention, detection, evaluation, and management of high blood pressure in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018 May 15;71(19):e127-248.Full text Abstract
75. Turnbull F. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Effects of different blood-pressure-lowering regimens on major cardiovascular events: results of prospectively-designed overviews of randomised trials. Lancet. 2003 Nov 8;362(9395):1527-35. Abstract
76. Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, et al. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the Hypertension Optimal Treatment (HOT) randomised trial. HOT Study Group. Lancet. 1998 Jun 13;351(9118):1755-62. Abstract
77. Musini VM, Tejani AM, Bassett K, et al. Pharmacotherapy for hypertension in adults 60 years or older. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 5;6(6):CD000028.Full text Abstract
78. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Pharmacological blood pressure lowering for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease across different levels of blood pressure: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021 May 1;397(10285):1625-36.Full text Abstract
79. Xie X, Atkins E, Lv J, et al. Effects of intensive blood pressure lowering on cardiovascular and renal outcomes: updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016 Jan 30;387(10017):435-43.Full text Abstract
80. American Diabetes Association. 10. Cardiovascular disease and risk management: standards of care in diabetes - 2024. Diabetes Care. 2024 Jan 1;47(suppl 1):S179-218.Full text
81. Hinton TC, Adams ZH, Baker RP, et al. Investigation and treatment of high blood pressure in young people: too much medicine or appropriate risk reduction? Hypertension. 2020 Jan;75(1):16-22.Full text Abstract
82. Beckett NS, Peters R, Fletcher AE, et al. Treatment of hypertension in patients 80 years of age or older. N Engl J Med. 2008 May 1;358(18):1887-98.Full text Abstract
83. Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W, et al. 2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. Eur Heart J. 2018 Sep 1;39(33):3021-104.Full text Abstract
84. Benetos A, Petrovic M, Strandberg T. Hypertension management in older and frail older patients. Circ Res. 2019 Mar 29;124(7):1045-60.Full text Abstract
85. Williamson JD, Supiano MA, Applegate WB, et al. Intensive vs standard blood pressure control and cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults aged ≥75 years: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2016 Jun 28;315(24):2673-82.Full text Abstract
86. Benetos A, Rossignol P, Cherubini A, et al. Polypharmacy in the aging patient: management of hypertension in octogenarians. JAMA. 2015 Jul 14;314(2):170-80.Full text Abstract
87. Blood Pressure Lowering Treatment Trialists' Collaboration. Age-stratified and blood-pressure-stratified effects of blood-pressure-lowering pharmacotherapy for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: an individual participant-level data meta-analysis. Lancet. 2021 Sep 18;398(10305):1053-64.Full text Abstract
88. Abdalla M, Bolen SD, Brettler J, et al. Implementation strategies to improve blood pressure control in the United States: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and American Medical Association. Hypertension. 2023 Oct;80(10):e143-57.Full text Abstract
89. Wright JT Jr, Probstfield JL, Cushman WC, et al; ALLHAT Collaborative Research Group. ALLHAT findings revisited in the context of subsequent analyses, other trials, and meta-analyses. Arch Intern Med. 2009 May 11;169(9):832-42. Abstract
90. Fretheim A, Odgaard-Jensen J, Brørs O, et al. Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive medication for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: systematic review and multiple treatments meta-analysis. BMC Med. 2012 Apr 5;10:33.Full text Abstract
91. Baigent C, Keech A, Kearney PM, et al; Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators. Efficacy and safety of cholesterol-lowering treatment: prospective meta-analysis of data from 90,056 participants in 14 randomised trials of statins. Lancet. 2005 Oct 8;366(9493):1267-78. Abstract
92. Amarenco P, Labreuche J. Lipid management in the prevention of stroke: review and updated meta-analysis of statins for stroke prevention. Lancet Neurol. 2009 May;8(5):453-63. Abstract
93. Mills EJ, Rachlis B, Wu P, et al. Primary prevention of cardiovascular mortality and events with statin treatments: a network meta-analysis involving more than 65,000 patients. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008 Nov 25;52(22):1769-81. Abstract
94. Chou R, Cantor A, Dana T, et al. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2022 Aug 23;328(8):754-71.Full text Abstract
95. Yourman LC, Cenzer IS, Boscardin WJ, et al. Evaluation of time to benefit of statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events in adults aged 50 to 75 years: a meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2021 Feb 1;181(2):179-85.Full text Abstract
96. US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Statin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2022 Aug 23;328(8):746-53.Full text Abstract
97. Jenkins DJ, Jones PJ, Lamarche B, et al. Effect of a dietary portfolio of cholesterol-lowering foods given at 2 levels of intensity of dietary advice on serum lipids in hyperlipidemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2011 Aug 24;306(8):831-9.Full text Abstract
98. Writing Committee, Lloyd-Jones DM, Morris PB, et al. 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of nonstatin therapies for LDL-Cholesterol lowering in the management of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2022 Oct 4;80(14):1366-418.Full text Abstract
99. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, et al. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002 Feb 7;346(6):393-403.Full text Abstract
100. Hemmingsen B, Gimenez-Perez G, Mauricio D, et al. Diet, physical activity or both for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Dec 4;12(12):CD003054.Full text Abstract
101. Katula JA, Dressler EV, Kittel CA, et al. Effects of a digital diabetes prevention program: an RCT. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Apr;62(4):567-77.Full text Abstract
102. Galaviz KI, Weber MB, Suvada K BS, et al. Interventions for reversing prediabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2022 Apr;62(4):614-25.Full text Abstract
103. Boardman HM, Hartley L, Eisinga A, et al. Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Mar 10;(3):CD002229.Full text Abstract
104. The 2022 Hormone Therapy Position Statement of The North American Menopause Society” advisory panel. The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society. Menopause. 2022 Jul 1;29(7):767-94.Full text Abstract
105. US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for abdominal aortic aneurysm: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Dec 10;322(22):2211-18.Full text Abstract
106. Rokosh RS, Mastracci TM, Chaikof EL. Society for Vascular Surgery implementation of clinical practice guidelines for patients with an abdominal aortic aneurysm: Screening for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. J Vasc Surg. 2021 Apr;73(4):1126-27.Full text Abstract
107. Simon GE, VonKorff M, Piccinelli M, et al. An international study of the relation between somatic symptoms and depression. N Engl J Med. 1999 Oct 28;341(18):1329-35.Full text Abstract
108. Bell RA, Franks P, Duberstein PR, et al. Suffering in silence: reasons for not disclosing depression in primary care. Ann Fam Med. 2011 Sep-Oct;9(5):439-46.Full text Abstract
109. Stein MB, Craske MG. Treating Anxiety in 2017: Optimizing care to improve outcomes. JAMA. 2017 Jul 18;318(3):235-36.Full text Abstract
110. Gallo JJ, Hwang S, Joo JH, et al. Multimorbidity, depression, and mortality in primary care: randomized clinical trial of an evidence-based depression care management program on mortality risk. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Apr;31(4):380-6.Full text Abstract
111. Williams JW Jr, Mulrow CD, Kroenke K, et al. Case-finding for depression in primary care: a randomized trial. Am J Med. 1999 Jan;106(1):36-43.Full text Abstract
112. Leung SS, Leung C, Lam TH, et al. Outcome of a postnatal depression screening programme using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: a randomized controlled trial. J Public Health (Oxf). 2011 Jun;33(2):292-301.Full text Abstract
113. Mallen CD, Nicholl BI, Lewis M, et al. The effects of implementing a point-of-care electronic template to prompt routine anxiety and depression screening in patients consulting for osteoarthritis (the Primary Care Osteoarthritis Trial): A cluster randomised trial in primary care. PLoS Med. 2017 Apr;14(4):e1002273.Full text Abstract
114. Kronish IM, Moise N, Cheung YK, et al. Effect of depression screening after acute coronary syndromes on quality of life: The CODIACS-QoL randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2020 Jan 1;180(1):45-53.Full text Abstract
115. Rona RJ, Burdett H, Khondoker M, et al. Post-deployment screening for mental disorders and tailored advice about help-seeking in the UK military: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Apr 8;389(10077):1410-23.Full text Abstract
116. US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for depression and suicide risk in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023 Jun 20;329(23):2057-67.Full text Abstract
117. US Preventive Services Task Force, Barry MJ, Nicholson WK, et al. Screening for anxiety disorders in adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023 Jun 27;329(24):2163-70.Full text Abstract
118. US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening and behavioral counseling interventions to reduce unhealthy alcohol use in adolescents and adults: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Nov 13;320(18):1899-909.Full text Abstract
119. US Preventive Services Task Force, Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for unhealthy drug use: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2020 Jun 9;323(22):2301-09.Full text Abstract
120. Thombs BD, Markham S, Rice DB, et al. Screening for depression and anxiety in general practice. BMJ. 2023 Jul 17;382:1615.Full text Abstract
121. Stein MB, Hill LL. Are there reasons to fear anxiety screening? JAMA. 2023 Jun 27;329(24):2132-34.Full text Abstract
122. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). 5th rev ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2002.Full text
123. Gregory KD, Chelmow D, Nelson HD, et al. Screening for anxiety in adolescent and adult women: a recommendation from the women's preventive services initiative. Ann Intern Med. 2020 Jul 7;173(1):48-56.Full text Abstract
124. US Preventive Services Task Force, Curry SJ, Krist AH, et al. Screening for intimate partner violence, elder abuse, and abuse of vulnerable adults: US Preventive Services Task Force final recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Oct 23;320(16):1678-87.Full text Abstract
125. El-Mohandes AA, Kiely M, Joseph JG, et al. An intervention to improve postpartum outcomes in African-American mothers: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2008 Sep;112(3):611-20.Full text Abstract
126. Sharps PW, Bullock LF, Campbell JC, et al. Domestic violence enhanced perinatal home visits: the DOVE randomized clinical trial. J Womens Health (Larchmt). 2016 Nov;25(11):1129-38.Full text Abstract
127. Bair-Merritt MH, Jennings JM, Chen R, et al. Reducing maternal intimate partner violence after the birth of a child: a randomized controlled trial of the Hawaii Healthy Start Home Visitation Program. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010 Jan;164(1):16-23.Full text Abstract
128. Hargraves D, White C, Frederick R, et al. Implementing SBIRT (Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment) in primary care: lessons learned from a multi-practice evaluation portfolio. Public Health Rev. 2017;38:31.Full text Abstract
129. Treatment for Stimulant Use Disorders. Updated 2021. Rockville: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration; 1999.Full text
130. Rock CL, Thomson C, Gansler T, et al. American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Jul;70(4):245-71.Full text Abstract
131. Briss P, Rimer B, Reilley B, et al. Promoting informed decisions about cancer screening in communities and healthcare systems. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Jan;26(1):67-80. Abstract
132. Edwards AG, Naik G, Ahmed H, et al. Personalised risk communication for informed decision making about taking screening tests. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Feb 28;(2):CD001865.Full text Abstract
133. Sheridan SL, Harris RP, Woolf SH. Shared decision making about screening and chemoprevention: a suggested approach from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Am J Prev Med. 2004 Jan;26(1):56-66.Full text Abstract
134. US Preventive Services Task Force., Davidson KW, Mangione CM, et al. Collaboration and Shared Decision-Making Between Patients and Clinicians in Preventive Health Care Decisions and US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendations. JAMA. 2022 Mar 22;327(12):1171-1176.Full text Abstract
135. Patel AV, Deubler E, Teras LR, et al. Key risk factors for the relative and absolute 5-year risk of cancer to enhance cancer screening and prevention. Cancer. 2022 Oct 1;128(19):3502-15.Full text Abstract
136. GBD 2019 Cancer Risk Factors Collaborators. The global burden of cancer attributable to risk factors, 2010-19: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2022 Aug 20;400(10352):563-91.Full text Abstract
137. US Preventive Services Task Force., Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for prostate cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 May 8;319(18):1901-13.Full text Abstract
138. U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for testicular cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Apr 5;154(7):483-6.Full text Abstract
139. US Preventive Services Task Force., Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Screening for ovarian cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Feb 13;319(6):588-94.Full text Abstract
140. US Preventive Services Task Force., Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for pancreatic cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force reaffirmation recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Aug 6;322(5):438-44.Full text Abstract
141. US Preventive Services Task Force, Mangione CM, Barry MJ, et al. Screening for skin cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2023 Apr 18;329(15):1290-95.Full text Abstract
142. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for bladder cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2011 Aug 16;155(4):246-51.Full text Abstract
143. Moyer VA, U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Screening for oral cancer: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med. 2014 Jan 7;160(1):55-60.Full text Abstract
144. Johansson M, Brodersen J, Gøtzsche PC, et al. Screening for reducing morbidity and mortality in malignant melanoma. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019 Jun 3;6(6):CD012352.Full text Abstract
145. US Preventive Services Task Force., Krist AH, Davidson KW, et al. Screening for lung cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2021 Mar 9;325(10):962-70.Full text Abstract
146. Smith RA, Andrews KS, Brooks D, et al. Cancer screening in the United States, 2019: a review of current American Cancer Society guidelines and current issues in cancer screening. CA Cancer J Clin. 2019 May;69(3):184-210.Full text Abstract
147. National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (US) Office on Smoking and Health. The health consequences of smoking - 50 years of progress: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US); 2014.Full text Abstract
148. US Preventive Services Task Force, Grossman DC, Curry SJ, et al. Behavioral counseling to prevent skin cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2018 Mar 20;319(11):1134-42.Full text Abstract
149. US Preventive Services Task Force, Owens DK, Davidson KW, et al. Risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA-related cancer: US Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. JAMA. 2019 Aug 20;322(7):652-65.Full text Abstract
150. American Cancer Society. Recommendations for the Early detection of breast cancer. Jan 2022 [internet publication].Full text
151. American Academy of Family Physicians. Summary of recommendations for clinical preventive services. Jul 2017 [internet publication].Full text
152. Moss SM, Wale C, Smith R, et al. Effect of mammographic screening from age 40 years on breast cancer mortality in the UK Age trial at 17 years' follow-up: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2015 Sep;16(9):1123-32. Abstract
153. Scott K, Nicki SJ, Gabriela L, et al. Recommendations on screening for breast cancer in women aged 40–74 years who are not at increased risk for breast cancer. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Dec 2018;190(49):E1441-51.Full text
154. Saslow D, Boetes C, Burke W, et al. American Cancer Society guidelines for breast screening with MRI as an adjunct to mammography. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Mar-Apr;57(2):75-89.Full text Abstract
155. Lee CH, Dershaw DD, Kopans D, et al. Breast cancer screening with imaging: recommendations from the Society of Breast Imaging and the ACR on the use of mammography, breast MRI, breast ultrasound, and other technologies for the detection of clinically occult breast cancer. J Am Coll Radiol. 2010 Jan;7(1):18-27.Full text Abstract
156. American College of Radiology. ACR practice parameter for the performance of contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast. Oct 2018 [internet publication].Full text
157. Monticciolo DL, Newell MS, Moy L, et al. Breast cancer screening in women at higher-than-average risk: recommendations from the ACR. J Am Coll Radiol. 2018 Mar;15(3 pt a):408-14.Full text Abstract
158. Bakker MF, de Lange SV, Pijnappel RM, et al. Supplemental MRI screening for women with extremely dense breast tissue. N Engl J Med. 2019 Nov 28;381(22):2091-102.Full text Abstract
159. Expert Panel on Breast Imaging; Mainiero MB, Moy L, Baron P, et al. ACR appropriateness criteria: breast cancer screening. J Am Coll Radiol. 2017 Nov;14(11s):S383-90.Full text Abstract
160. US Preventive Services Task Force. Breast cancer: medication use to reduce risk. Sep 2019 [internet publication].Full text
161. Fontham ETH, Wolf AMD, Church TR, et al. Cervical cancer screening for individuals at average risk: 2020 guideline update from the American Cancer Society. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020 Sep;70(5):321-46.Full text Abstract
162. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Updated cervical cancer screening guidelines. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Full text
163. Sawaya GF, Kulasingam S, Denberg TD, et al. Cervical cancer screening in average-risk women: best practice advice from the clinical guidelines committee of the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med. 2015 Jun 16;162(12):851-9.Full text Abstract
164. Caleia AI, Pires C, Pereira JF, et al. Self-sampling as a plausible alternative to screen cervical cancer precursor lesions in a population with low adherence to screening: a systematic review. Acta Cytol. 2020;64(4):332-43.Full text Abstract
165. Biddell CB, O'Leary MC, Wheeler SB, et al. Variation in cervical cancer screening preferences among medically underserved individuals in the United States: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2020 Aug;29(8):1535-48.Full text Abstract
166. Shapiro JA, Bobo JK, Church TR, et al. A comparison of fecal immunochemical and high-sensitivity guaiac tests for colorectal cancer screening. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Nov;112(11):1728-35.Full text Abstract
167. Hewitson P, Glasziou P, Watson E, et al. Cochrane systematic review of colorectal cancer screening using the fecal occult blood test (hemoccult): an update. Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun;103(6):1541-9. Abstract
168. Chiu HM, Chen SL, Yen AM, et al. Effectiveness of fecal immunochemical testing in reducing colorectal cancer mortality from the one million Taiwanese screening program. Cancer. 2015 Sep 15;121(18):3221-9.Full text Abstract
169. Chiu HM, Jen GH, Wang YW, et al. Long-term effectiveness of faecal immunochemical test screening for proximal and distal colorectal cancers. Gut. 2021 Dec;70(12):2321-29.Full text Abstract
170. Rex DK, Boland CR, Dominitz JA, et al. Colorectal cancer screening: recommendations for physicians and patients from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2017 Jul;112(7):1016-30.Full text Abstract
171. Patel SG, May FP, Anderson JC, et al. Updates on age to start and stop colorectal cancer screening: recommendations from the U.S. Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol. 2022 Jan 1;117(1):57-69.Full text Abstract
172. American Cancer Society. Guideline for colorectal cancer screening. Nov 2020 [internet publication].Full text
173. Ilic D, Djulbegovic M, Jung JH, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2018 Sep 5;362:k3519.Full text Abstract
174. Tikkinen KAO, Dahm P, Lytvyn L, et al. Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a clinical practice guideline. BMJ. 2018 Sep 5;362:k3581.Full text Abstract
175. American Cancer Society. Recommendations for prostate cancer early detection. Apr 2021 [internet publication].Full text
176. Wei JT, Barocas D, Carlsson S, et al. Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA/SUO Guideline Part I: prostate cancer screening. J Urol. 2023 Jul;210(1):46-53.Full text Abstract
177. Mason RJ, Marzouk K, Finelli A, et al. UPDATE - 2022 Canadian Urological Association recommendations on prostate cancer screening and early diagnosis Endorsement of the 2021 Cancer Care Ontario guidelines on prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Can Urol Assoc J. 2022 Apr;16(4):E184-96.Full text Abstract
178. Jonas DE, Reuland DS, Reddy SM, et al. Screening for lung cancer with low-dose computed tomography: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2021 Mar 9;325(10):971-87.Full text Abstract
179. Manser R, Lethaby A, Irving LB, et al. Screening for lung cancer. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Jun 21;(6):CD001991.Full text Abstract
180. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines. Detection, Prevention, and Risk Reduction. 2024 [internet publication].Full text
Use of this content is subject to our disclaimer