Nevi

Duffy K, Grossman D. The dysplastic nevus: from historical perspective to management in the modern era: part I. Historical, histologic, and clinical aspects. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Jul;67(1):1.e1-16. Abstract

Duffy K, Grossman D. The dysplastic nevus: from historical perspective to management in the modern era. Part II. Molecular aspects and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Jul;67(1):19.e1-12. Abstract

Wernli KJ, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, et al. Screening for skin cancer in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016 Jul 26;316(4):436-47.Full text  Abstract

1. McKee PH, Calonje E, Granter SR, eds. Pathology of the skin. 3rd ed. London: Elsevier; 2005.

2. Argenziano G, Zalaudek I, Ferrara G, et al. Proposal of a new classification system for melanocytic naevi. Br J Dermatol. 2007 Aug;157(2):217-27. Abstract

3. Schmoeckel, C. Classification of melanocytic nevi: do nodular and flat nevi develop differently? Am J Dermatopathol. 1997 Feb;19(1):31-4. Abstract

4. Burkhart CG. Dysplastic nevi. N Engl J Med. 2004 Mar 18;350(12):1258-9. Abstract

5. Bolognia JL, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, et al. Dermatology. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Mosby; 2008.

6. Tannous ZS, Mihm MC Jr, Sober AJ, et al. Congenital melanocytic nevi: clinical and histopathologic features, risk of melanoma, and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005 Feb;52(2):197-203. Abstract

7. Schaffer JV. Pigmented lesions in children: when to worry. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007 Aug;19(4):430-40. Abstract

8. Elder DE, Massi D, Scolyer RA, et al, eds. WHO classification of skin tumours. 4th ed. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2018.

9. Mesbah Ardakani N. Dysplastic/Clark naevus in the era of molecular pathology. Australas J Dermatol. 2019 Aug;60(3):186-91. Abstract

10. Sarin KY, Sun BK, Bangs CD, et al. Activating HRAS mutation in agminated Spitz nevi arising in a nevus spilus. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Sep;149(9):1077-81.Full text  Abstract

11. Elder DE, Bastian BC, Cree IA, et al. The 2018 World Health Organization classification of cutaneous, mucosal, and uveal melanoma: detailed analysis of 9 distinct subtypes defined by their evolutionary pathway. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2020 Apr;144(4):500-22.Full text  Abstract

12. Dulon M, Weichenthal M, Blettner M, et al. Sun exposure and number of nevi in 5- to 6- year-old European children. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002 Nov;55(11):1075-81. Abstract

13. Maize JC, Foster G. Age-related changes in melanocytic naevi. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1979 Mar;4(1):49-58. Abstract

14. Coleman WP 3rd, Gately LE 3rd, Krementz AB, et al. Nevi, lentigines, and melanoma in blacks. Arch Dermatol. 1980 May;116(5):548-51. Abstract

15. Gallagher RP, Rivers JK, Lee TK, et al. Broad-spectrum sunscreen use and the development of new nevi in white children: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2000 Jun 14;283(22):2955-60.Full text  Abstract

16. Warner PM, Yakuboff KP, Kagan RJ, et al. An 18-year experience in the management of congenital nevomelanocytic nevi. Ann Plast Surg. 2008 Mar;60(3):283-7. Abstract

17. Ackerman AB. "Dysplastic nevus" syndrome: does a survey make it real? J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003 Mar;48(3):461-3. Abstract

18. Valiukeviciene S, Miseviciene I, Gollnick H. The prevalence of common acquired melanocytic nevi and the relationship with skin type characteristics and sun exposure among children in Lithuania. Arch Dermatol. 2005 May;141(5):579-86. Abstract

19. Wachsmuth RC, Turner F, Barrett JH, et al. The effect of sun exposure in determining nevus density in UK adolescent twins. J Invest Dermatol. 2005 Jan;124(1):56-62. Abstract

20. Rivers JK, Maclennan R, Kelly JW, et al. The eastern Australian childhood nevus study: prevalence of atypical nevi, congenital nevus-like nevi, and other pigmented lesions. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1995 Jun;32(6):957-63. Abstract

21. Gallagher RP, McLean DI. The epidemiology of acquired melanocytic nevi: a brief review. Dermatol Clin. 1995 Jul;13(3):595-603. Abstract

22. Grichnik JM. Melanoma, nevogenesis, and stem cell biology. J Invest Dermatol. 2008 Oct;128(10):2365-80. Abstract

23. Burkhart CG, Burkhart CN. The mole theory: primary function of melanocytes and melanin may be antimicrobial defense and immunomodulation (not solar protection). Int J Dermatol. 2005 Apr;44(4):340-2. Abstract

24. Koh HK. Cutaneous melanoma. N Engl J Med. 1991 Jul 18;325(3):171-82. Abstract

25. Harrison SL, MacLennan R, Buettner PG. Sun exposure and the incidence of melanocytic nevi in young Australian children. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008 Sep;17(9):2318-24. Abstract

26. Kelly JW, Rivers JK, MacLennan R, et al. Sunlight: a major factor associated with the development of melanocytic nevi in Australian schoolchildren. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1994 Jan;30(1):40-8. Abstract

27. American Academy of Dermatology. Body mole map. 2022 [internet publication].Full text

28. American Melanoma Foundation. ABCD's of melanoma. 2006 [internet publication].Full text

29. Schaffer JV, Orlow SJ, Lazova R, et al. Speckled lentiginous nevus: within the spectrum of congenital melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol. 2001 Feb;137(2):172-8.Full text  Abstract

30. Cyr PR. Atypical moles. Am Fam Physician. 2008 Sep 15;78(6):735-40. Abstract

31. Larsen F, Cockerell CJ. The dysplastic nevus concept. Pathology Case Rev. 2007 Nov/Dec;12(6):240-4.

32. Salopek TG. The dilemma of the dysplastic nevus. Dermatol Clin. 2002 Oct;20(4):617-28. Abstract

33. Grob JJ, Bonerandi JJ. The ugly duckling sign: identification of the common characteristics of nevi in an individual as a basis for melanoma screening. Arch Dermatol. 1998 Jan;134(1):103-4. Abstract

34. Zhang AJ, Rush PS, Tsao H, et al. BRCA1-associated protein (BAP1)-inactivated melanocytic tumors. J Cutan Pathol. 2019 Dec;46(12):965-72.Full text  Abstract

35. Yeh I, Lang UE, Durieux E, et al. Combined activation of MAP kinase pathway and β-catenin signaling cause deep penetrating nevi. Nat Commun. 2017 Sep 21;8(1):644.Full text  Abstract

36. Mandal RV, Murali R, Lundquist KF, et al. Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma: favorable outcome after 5-year follow-up. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009 Dec;33(12):1778-82. Abstract

37. Campos-do-Carmo G, Ramos-e-Silva M. Dermatoscopy: basic concepts. Int J Dermatol. 2008 Jul;47(7):712-9. Abstract

38. Tschandl P, Rosendahl C, Kittler H. The HAM10000 dataset, a large collection of multi-source dermatoscopic images of common pigmented skin lesions. Sci Data. 2018 Aug 14;5:180161.Full text  Abstract

39. Smith L, Macneil S. State of the art in non-invasive imaging of cutaneous melanoma. Skin Res Technol. 2011 Aug;17(3):257-69.Full text  Abstract

40. Brehmer F, Ulrich M, Haenssle HA. Strategies for early recognition of cutaneous melanoma - present and future. Dermatol Pract Conc. 2012 Jul 31;2(3):203a06.Full text  Abstract

41. Walter FM, Morris HC, Humphrys E, et al. Protocol for the MoleMate UK Trial: a randomised controlled trial of the MoleMate system in the management of pigmented skin lesions in primary care [ISRCTN 79932379]. BMC Fam Pract. 2010 May 11;11:36.Full text  Abstract

42. Moncrieff M, Cotton S, Claridge E, et al. Spectrophotometric intracutaenous analysis: a new technique for imagining pigmented skin lesions. Br J Dermatol. 2002 Mar;146(3):448-57. Abstract

43. Mackie RM, Doherty VR. Seven-point checklist for melanoma. Clin Exp Dermatol. 1991 Mar;16(2):151-3. Abstract

44. Walter FM, Morris HC, Humphrys E, et al. Effect of adding a diagnostic aid to best practice to manage suspicious pigmented lesions in primary care: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2012 Jul 4;345:e4110.Full text  Abstract

45. Elbaum M, Kopf AW, Rabinovitz HS, et al. Automatic differentiation of melanoma from melanocytic nevi with multispectral digital dermoscopy: a feasibility study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Feb;44(2):207-18. Abstract

46. Bolognia JL. Biopsy techniques for pigmented lesions. Dermatol Surg. 2000 Jan;26(1):89-90. Abstract

47. Duffy K, Grossman D. The dysplastic nevus: from historical perspective to management in the modern era: part I. Historical, histologic, and clinical aspects. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Jul;67(1):1.e1-16. Abstract

48. Duffy K, Grossman D. The dysplastic nevus: from historical perspective to management in the modern era. Part II. Molecular aspects and clinical management. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Jul;67(1):19.e1-12. Abstract

49. Arneja JS, Gosain AK. Giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009 Jul;124(1 Suppl):1e-13e. Abstract

50. Marghoob AA, Kopf AW. Persistent nevus: an exception to the ABCD rule of dermoscopy. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1997 Mar;36(3 Pt 1):474-5. Abstract

51. Kornber R, Ackerman AB. Pseudomelanoma: recurrent melanocytic nevus following partial surgical removal. Arch Dermatol. 1975 Dec;111(12):1588-90. Abstract

52. New Zealand Guidelines Group. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of melanoma in Australia and New Zealand. Jun 2008 [internet publication].Full text

53. Strazzula L, Vedak P, Hoang MP, et al. The utility of re-excising mildly and moderately dysplastic nevi: a retrospective analysis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Dec;71(6):1071-6. Abstract

54. Reddy KK, Farber MJ, Bhawan J, et al. Atypical (dysplastic) nevi: outcomes of surgical excision and association with melanoma. JAMA Dermatol. 2013 Aug;149(8):928-34.Full text  Abstract

55. Abello-Poblete MV, Correa-Selm LM, Giambrone D, et al. Histologic outcomes of excised moderate and severe dysplastic nevi. Dermatol Surg. 2014 Jan;40(1):40-5. Abstract

56. Kim CC, Berry EG, Marchetti MA, et al. Risk of subsequent cutaneous melanoma in moderately dysplastic nevi excisionally biopsied but with positive histologic margins. JAMA Dermatol. 2018 Dec 1;154(12):1401-8.Full text  Abstract

57. Kim CC, Swetter SM, Curiel-Lewandrowski C, et al. Addressing the knowledge gap in clinical recommendations for management and complete excision of clinically atypical nevi/dysplastic nevi: Pigmented Lesion Subcommittee consensus statement. JAMA Dermatol. 2015 Feb;151(2):212-8. Abstract

58. Elmore JG, Barnhill RL, Elder DE, et al. Pathologists' diagnosis of invasive melanoma and melanocytic proliferations: observer accuracy and reproducibility study. BMJ. 2017 Jun 28;357:j2813.Full text  Abstract

59. Ferris LK, Jansen B, Ho J, et al. Utility of a noninvasive 2-gene molecular assay for cutaneous melanoma and effect on the decision to biopsy. JAMA Dermatol. 2017 Jul 1;153(7):675-80.Full text  Abstract

60. Ko JS, Matharoo-Ball B, Billings SD, et al. Diagnostic distinction of malignant melanoma and benign nevi by a gene expression signature and correlation to clinical outcomes. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017 Apr 4;26(7):1107-13.Full text  Abstract

61. Gerami P, Scolyer RA, Xu X, et al. Risk assessment for atypical spitzoid melanocytic neoplasms using FISH to identify chromosomal copy number aberrations. Am J Surg Pathol. 2013 May;37(5):676-84. Abstract

62. Gerami P, Li G, Pouryazdanparast P, et al. A highly specific and discriminatory FISH assay for distinguishing between benign and malignant melanocytic neoplasms. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012 Jun;36(6):808-17. Abstract

63. Lezcano C, Jungbluth AA, Nehal KS, et al. PRAME expression in melanocytic tumors. Am J Surg Pathol. 2018 Nov;42(11):1456-65.Full text  Abstract

64. Colebatch AJ, Ferguson P, Newell F, et al. Molecular genomic profiling of melanocytic nevi. J Invest Dermatol. 2019 Aug;139(8):1762-8.Full text  Abstract

65. Ostendorf W. Preparation for safe medication administration. In: Perry AG, Potter PA, Elkin MK, eds. Nursing interventions & clinical skills. 7th ed. St Louis, MO: Mosby; 2020.

66. WHO Best Practices for Injections and Related Procedures Toolkit. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2010 Mar. Abstract

67. Jin JF, Zhu LL, Chen M, et al. The optimal choice of medication administration route regarding intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous injection. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2015;9:923-42.Full text  Abstract

68. Tanaka M. Dermoscopy. J Dermatol. 2006 Aug;33(8):513-7. Abstract

69. Zalaudek I, Docimo G, Argenziano G. Using dermoscopic criteria and patient-related factors for the management of pigmented melanocytic nevi. Arch Dermatol.2009 Jul;145(7):816-26.Full text  Abstract

70. American Cancer Society. Cancer facts and figures 2024. 2024 [internet publication].Full text

71. Rigel DS. Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008 May;58(5 Suppl 2):S129-32. Abstract

72. Olsen CM, Carroll HJ, Whiteman DC. Estimating the attributable fraction for cancer: a meta-analysis of nevi and melanoma. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2010 Feb;3(2):233-45. Abstract

73. US Preventive Services Task Force. Skin cancer prevention: behavioral counseling. Mar 2018 [internet publication].Full text

74. US Preventive Services Task Force. Final recommendation statement. Skin cancer: screening. Apr 2023 [internet publication].Full text  Abstract

75. Smack DP, Harrington AC, Dunn C, et al. Infection and allergy incidence in ambulatory surgery patients using white petrolatum vs bacitracin ointment. A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 1996 Sep 25;276(12):972-7. Abstract

76. Campbell RM, Perlis CS, Fisher E, et al. Gentamicin ointment versus petrolatum for management of auricular wounds. Dermatol Surg. 2005 Jun;31(6):664-9. Abstract

77. Gette MT, Marks JG Jr, Maloney ME. Frequency of postoperative allergic contact dermatitis to topical antibiotics. Arch Dermatol. 1992 Mar;128(3):365-7. Abstract

78. Suzuki H, Anderson RR. Treatment of melanocytic nevi. Dermatol Ther. 2005 May-Jun;18(3):217-26. Abstract

79. Polder KD, Landau JM, Vergilis-Kalner IJ, et al. Laser eradication of pigmented lesions: a review. Dermatol Surg. 2011 May;37(5):572-95. Abstract

80. Lee PK, Rosenberg CN, Tsao H, et al. Failure of Q-switched ruby laser to eradicate atypical-appearing solar lentigo: report of two cases. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1998 Feb;38(2 Pt 2):314-7. Abstract

81. Gottschaller C, Hohenleutner U, Landthaler M. Metastasis of a malignant melanoma 2 years after carbon dioxide laser treatment of a pigmented lesion: case report and review of the literature. Acta Derm Venereol. 2006;86(1):44-7.Full text  Abstract

82. Woodrow SL, Burrows SN. Malignant melanoma occurring at the periphery of a giant congenital naevus preciously treated with laser therapy. Br J Dermatol. 2003 Oct;149(4):886-8. Abstract

83. Dummer R, Kempf W, Burg G. Pseudo-melanoma after laser therapy. Dermatology. 1998;197(1):71-3. Abstract

84. Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, eds. Lever's histopathology of the skin. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2009.

85. Herzog C, Pappo A, Bondy M, et al. Malignant melanoma. In: Bleyer A, O'Leary M, Barr R, et al, eds. Cancer epidemiology in older adolescents and young adults 15 to 29 years of age, including SEER incidence and survival: 1975-2000. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 2006:53-64.Full text

86. Vourc'h-Jourdain M, Martin L, Barbarot S; aRED. Large congenital melanocytic nevi: therapeutic management and melanoma risk: a systematic review. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013 Mar;68(3):493-8.e1-14. Abstract

87. Barnhill RL, Flotte TJ, Fleischli M, et al. Cutaneous melanoma and atypical Spitz tumors in childhood. Cancer. 1995 Nov 15;76(10):1833-45. Abstract

88. Cerrato F, Wallins JS, Webb ML, et al. Outcomes in pediatric atypical Spitz tumors treated without sentinel lymph node biopsy. Pediatr Dermatol. 2011 Dec 30;29(4):448-53. Abstract

89. Lee CY, Sholl LM, Zhang B, et al. Atypical spitzoid neoplasms in childhood: a molecular and outcome study. Am J Dermatopathol. 2017 Mar;39(3):181-6. Abstract

90. Massi D, Tomasini C, Senetta R, et al. Atypical Spitz tumors in patients younger than 18 years. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2014 Oct 25;72(1):37-46. Abstract

91. Kanzler MH, Mraz-Gernhard S. Primary cutaneous malignant melanoma and its precursor lesions: diagnostic and therapeutic overview. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001 Aug;45(2):260-76. Abstract

92. Clark WH Jr, Reimer RR, Greene M, et al. Origin of familial malignant melanomas from heritable melanocytic lesions: 'the B-K mole syndrome'. Arch Dermatol. 1978 May;114(5):732-8. Abstract

93. Tsao H, Sober AJ, Niendorf KB, et al. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital: a 48-year-old woman with multiple pigmented lesions and a personal and family history of melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2004 Feb 26;350(9):924-32. Abstract

94. de Maleissye MF, Beauchet A, Saiag P, et al. Sunscreen use and melanocytic nevi in children: a systematic review. Pediatr Dermatol. 2013 Jan-Feb;30(1):51-9. Abstract

95. Crane LA, Deas A, Mokrohisky ST, et al. A randomized intervention study of sun protection promotion in well-child care. Prev Med. 2006 Mar;42(3):162-70. Abstract

96. Menzies SW. Is sun exposure a major cause of melanoma? Yes. BMJ. 2008 Jul 22;337:a763. Abstract

97. Eide MJ, Weinstock MA. Association of UV index, latitude, and melanoma incidence in nonwhite populations - US surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) program, 1992 to 2001. Arch Dermatol. 2005 Apr;141(4):477-81.Full text  Abstract

98. Shuster S. Is sun exposure a major cause of melanoma? No. BMJ. 2008 Jul 22;337:a764. Abstract

99. Wernli KJ, Henrikson NB, Morrison CC, et al. Screening for skin cancer in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2016 Jul 26;316(4):436-47.Full text  Abstract